Faculty of Social Science

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https://ir.unilag.edu.ng/handle/123456789/3301
The Faculty of Social Sciences was founded in 1962 when the School of Business and Social Studies was established as one of the foundation teaching units of the University. The Faculty is committed to high research standards and encourages both staff and students to pursue individual and/or group researches.

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    6) Insurance Service Sub-Sectors and Output Performance In Nigeria: A Generalized Linear Model Approach
    (The Nigerian Journal of Risk and Insurance (NJRI), 2019) Odior, E.S.O.
    This study examines the insurance services sub-sectors impact on output performance in Nigeria from the period 1981-2017. Using service exports and imports as proxy for insurance services. Methodically, this study test for stationary, test for the cointegration using the Engle-Granger single-equation and use the Generalized Linear Model (GLM) method to analysis the static impact. The results confirm one cointegrating relationship amongst the variables used in the study. The results also reveal that the insurance service exports has a positive significant impact on output performance, while insurance service imports does not have significant impact on output performance in Nigeria in the static analysis. For product innovations in the insurance industry and effective out growth, this study recommends that policy legislation should provide adequate transparency and efficiency. Also, formulation of policy by the government should targeted at providing institutional improvement, especially in risk management.
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    9) Causality and Exogeneity Issues in Socio-Economic Determinants of Good Health in Nigeria
    (Lafia Journal of Economics and Management Sciences, 2019-12) Odior, E.S.O.
    The premise of this study is to empirically appraise and identify the factors that can promote good health in Nigeria. The study use a VEC and Granger causality/block exogeneity tests methods to explain the linear relationship between the endogenous and exogenous variables and to test whether the endogenous variable life expectancy at birth (LEP) (proxied as good health) can be treated as exogenous. The results show that health expenditures, income per capita, education expenditure, physical environment and unemployment rate are significant in explaining LEP in the long run, while population growth rate did not. In the short run, the result shows that the past value of good health, health expenditure, income per capital and physical environment were positively associated with current LEP, while population growth and unemployment rate were negatively associated LEP. The granger causality/block erogeneity Wald test results show that LEP granger-cause health expenditure, education expenditure and population growth rate. The study therefore, recommended that there is need for government and corporate private organisation to pay attention to these variables that are directly related to good health and adequate macroeconomic policy need to be postulated by the government to reduce cost of health.
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    A Review of Psychological Resilience as a Response to Natural Hazards in Nigeria
    (IGI Global Engineering Science Reference, 2018) Malomo, B.
    Natural hazards are potential threats to lives, properties, and the society at large. This chapter discusses psychological resilience as a strategy in overcoming the aftermath of natural hazards, which are known as natural disasters in Nigeria. Resilience consists of individual behaviours, cognitions, actions, and attitudes that enhance personal wellbeing. The ability to exhibit resilience is important in overcoming the adverse consequences of natural hazards. A review of the concept of resilience in this chapter cov ers an introduction to the concept of resilience and natural hazards, cases of natural hazards in Africa and Nigeria, conceptual definition and issues relating to resilience, theoretical underpinning, recom mendation, and conclusion. The various factors that are critical to the development and utilisation of psychological resilience are discussed. Relevant authorities can thus be advised on the need to set up platforms on which communities can devise methods of educating individuals on methods of developing resilience in preparation for impending natural hazards.
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    Abundant natural resources, ethnic diversity and inclusive growth in sub-Saharan Africa: A mathematical approach
    (Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal, 2021) Adenuga, J.I.; Ajide, K.B.; Odeleye, A.T.; Ayoade, A. A.
    The sub-Saharan African region is blessed with abundant natural resources and diverse ethnic groups, yet the region is dominated by the largest number of poor people worldwide due to in- equitable distribution of national income. Existing statistics forecast decay in the quality of lives over the years compared to the continent of Asia that shares similar history with the region. In this paper, a five-dimensional first-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation was formulated to give insight into various factors that shaped dynamics of inclusive growth in sub-Saharan Africa. The validity test was performed based on ample mathematical theorems and the model was found to be valid. The model was then studied qualitatively and quantitatively via stability theory of non- linear differential equations which depended on the policy success ratio and classical fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme implemented in Maple, respectively. The results from the analysis showed that inclusive growth from abundant natural resources and ethnic diversity in sub-Saharan Africa was a function of policy reform whereby an increase in both equitable distribution of national in- come and accessibility of common man to the goods and services provided by the state to narrow inequality gap was accompanied with a low level of nepotism.
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    Adaptation to Water Stress in Nigeria Derived Savanna Area: The Indigenous Knowledge and Socio-Cultural Nexus of Management and Humanitarian Services
    (Journal of Management Policy and Practice (JMPP), North American Business Press, Inc., Atlanta, 2014) Ayeni, A.; Soneye, A.; Badru, F.
    Texts attached
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    Adaptation to Water Stress in Nigeria Derived Savanna Area: The Indigenous Knowledge and Socio-Cultural Nexus of Management and Humanitarian Services
    (North American Business Press, Inc, 2014) Ayeni, A.O.; Soneye, A.S.O.; Badru, F.A
    Climate change exerts enormous impacts on natural resources both at the local and global scales. Its effects on water resources over the Sub-Saharan Africa includes sea-level rises, floods, droughts and water quality degradation. Communities in the rural areas are most disadvantaged through strains on means of livelihood and access to water, food and health facilities. The paper underscores the challenges of adapting to water stress from climate change and the implication on sustainability within the sociocultural context of the tropical rural environment. The findings suggest that indigenous culture and local perceptions are vital for sustainable crisis intervention.
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    Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change in the Nigerian Savannah
    (University of Lagos, 2015) Elias, P.O; Fasona, M.J; Adedayo, V.T; Olorunfemi, F.B; Oloukoi, G
    This paper is based on the premise that the adaptive capacity of people and places are closely related to their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics which in turn determines their resilience. It examined the demographic and socioeconomic dimensions of selected agricultural communities in the Nigerian Savanna with the view to assessing their adaptive capacity to climate change. The Nigerian savannah has been largely altered by human related activities which have reduced its capacity to support the teaming rural farming communities and the livelihood systems in the region. Livelihood systems in the region are closely associated with terrestrial ecosystems and changes in global climate could exacerbates the conditions of the rural farmers. The methodology for the study was based on multistage random sampling technique and Rural Rapid Appraisal (RPP) of 11 communities across 10 Local Government Areas (LGAs) in two states of the southwest and north central Nigeria. Household survey, Key Informant Interview of traditional rulers and Government officials were carried out while an intensive Focused Group Discussion among all the actors was done. Both ex-ante and ex-post factors of gender, local knowledge and experience, education, income from farm and off-farm sources, ability to diversify, willingness to adapt, proportion of savings, and local adaptation mechanisms were identified and used to understand adaptive capacity of the local communities to climate change in the region. These factors provide an understanding of existing local actions which could point to future coping and adaption strategies given emerging challenges of climate change. By upscaling the local adaptive capacity it is possible to evolve regional and national policies for improving the resilience of rural agricultural communities.
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    Adequacy of parental provisions and safe sex practices among young people in Lagos metropolis
    (Springer, 2013-01-26) Kunnuji, M.O.N.
    Available data on youth sexuality suggest that many young people are sexually active and a significant proportion of them are involved in risky sexual activities such as unprotected sex and multiple sexual partnerships. Some studies suggest that poverty is a determinant of involvement in risky sexual activities while other studies maintain that there is no association between poverty and involvement in risky sexual activities. Studies have hardly questioned the relationship between adequacy of financial provisions for young people and youth involvement in risky sexual activities. This study sought to examine whether young people with financial provisions not adequate to meet their needs, irrespective of the amount of their allowances in absolute terms, are more likely to be involved in risky sexual activities than those who report adequacy of financial provisions. Using data from a survey of 1,159 adolescents from the city of Lagos, the study concludes, having controlled the effect of age and other potential confounders, that inadequacy of financial provisions is a predictor of involvement with multiple sexual partners, but not a predictor of condom use among young people.
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    Adolescence, young adulthood and internet use in Nigeria: a review of what is known and unknown
    (2014) Kunnuji, M.O.N.
    The aim of this article is to show the state of knowledge on the use of the internet among adolescents and young adults in Nigeria. The article begins with a brief review of the origin and nature of the internet and its centrality to human interactions today. It also addresses the challenges of adopting the universal definition of adolescence. The paper draws from research findings from across the globe and data from a survey of 1120 adolescents and young adults in Lagos metropolis in providing answers to the questions on the prevalence of internet use across developmental stages in adolescence and young adulthood. It also provides answers to the question on what adolescents do on the internet, the relationship between online and offline activities as well as the implications of the use of the internet by adolescents and young adults. The paper concludes by bringing to the fore, the gaps in knowledge in this area of study
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    Adolescent Sexuality Education and the Cost of the Conspiracy of Silence: Lessons from Nigeria
    (SSRN, 2006-12) Bammeke, F.O.
    This study seeks to evaluate the extent of the knowledge of sexuality education among in-school adolescents as well as ascertain the sources of their knowledge. It also seeks to establish the relationship between knowledge of sexuality issues and sexual behavior. Using a multi-stage sampling technique, the study obtained data from 1350 adolescents in State–owned senior secondary schools in Lagos state, Nigeria. Findings from the study show that majority of the adolescents had, at one time or the other, been confused about relationship with members of the opposite sex, their bodies and even relationships with friends of the same sex. Although adolescents acknowledged that parents had prepared them for changes in their bodies more than their friends, such preparation did not include information on sex, prevention of pregnancy or what to expect in a relationship. Friends/classmates constitute adolescents’ first source of information on these issues and they are the ones from whom adolescents seek counsel when they are confused. The study underscores the need to break the silence surrounding sexuality in Nigeria as in other African societies.
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    Advertising and National Development: Implications for Nigeria
    (School of Communication, Lagos State University, Nigeria, 2015-12) Tejumaiye, J.A
    This study examines the role of advertising in national development in Nigeria. The study examines the concept of development and the role of advertising in the promotion of national development from the micro and macro perspectives. The study concludes among others that as an adjunct of the mass media, advertising, aside its traditional purpose of information, persuasion, reminder, comparisms and reinforcements, plays the role of mobilizing and galvanizing the public about issues as well as stimulate the public to take actions as desired by sponsor of advertisements and that just like the mass media, advertising teaches norms and societal values; advertising also plays the role of mobilizing the electorates
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    Africa Demographic Structure and Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals 1 -3
    (Africa – British Journals, 2021) Kunnuji, M.; Eshiet I.; Bishwajit G.; Owolabi T.J.; Sani Yahaya
    The progress of African countries towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is uneven, with the Northern African countries and small island states taking the lead. Little is known about the influence of population size, growth, urbanization, age structure/dependency ratio on SDGs 1 – 3, which border on eradication of poverty, hunger and access to healthcare for all. We analysed the relationship between these population-related variables and SDGs 1-3 at the country level, using data extracted from two sources: The United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs’ 2017 World Population Prospects, and the Sustainable Development Goals Center for Africa & Sustainable Development Solutions Network 2018 publication – Africa SDG Index and Dashboards Report. Using correlation and multiple regression analyses, we found population growth rate, urbanization and fertility to significantly predict indicators of SDGs 1-3 among African countries. High fertility is associated with a low proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel and high maternal and child mortality. Urbanization is associated with a reduced proportion of the population living in poverty and hunger. The results show that population growth rate is negatively associated with maternal and child mortality. We discussed the implications of the findings for achieving SDGs 1-3 and recommended a multi-level approach to helping African countries achieve these goals.
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    Africa's Debt Crisis: Perspectives on Nigeria's Escape from External Debt Trap
    (2010) Akinboye, S.O.
    In sharp contrast with the image of an "oil-rich" country, Nigeria is paradoxically a heavily indebted poor country. While the country's oil production reached 2.5 million barrels per day in 2004, its total external debt stock at the end of 2004 was estimated at $35.9 billion. The debt crisis has been aggravated by the burden of debt servicing, which has absorbed the nation's budgetary and foreign exchange resources with deleterious impact on the critical sectors of the economy. The paper critically examines Nigeria's external debt profile and efforts toward its alleviation. It argues that the debt burden constitutes a major constraint to the revitalization of the nation's economy, and that its alleviation is imperative for sustainable growth and development.
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    Africa's Health Burden: Assessing the Role of Community in Healthcare Delivery
    (2015) Quadri, MaryamOmolara
    The enormous health challenges confronting Africa and the lack of capacity of the health systems to address those challenges stimulate a new thinking on the role of the community in improving health systems’ performance in Africa. The health systems must respond effectively to these challenges if Africa as a continent must be free of all the burden of ill-health. The decline in most health indicators of some African countries were as a result of the inability of their health systems to address health problems confronting them. A failure of health service delivery in Africa is due to dysfunctional organization of the health system. The inadequacy of community involvement in community health services or the decline of the community participation in health planning and management has resulted in the poor performance of the health care system and its failure to solve the basic health problems in some countries. This paper using a case study of health care delivery in Lagos state, Nigeria examines the degree to which the people are involved in health care delivery and the implications for their health needs. The paper concludes that, since development is about people and their participation in the process that leads to such, effective participation of people especially at the community level is necessary to achieve development.
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    African Indigenous Knowledge Systems and the World
    (Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022) Ayeni, A.O.; Aborisade, A.G.
    Almost all cultures have bits of knowledge that have profound relevance that is enshrined in its historical contributions to the people’s livelihood and sustainability for centuries. From this perspective, it is therefore dangerous, if not oppressive, to hail any one method of investigation as universal. Furthermore, Knowledge is not exclusive to any race, tribe, or ethnic nationality; rather, it is a product of capability, intelligence, diligence, ingenuity, and endurance. Similarly, the solution to a problem is not necessarily unilateral; it could come from diverse sources; hence it has become cogent that knowledges from multiple sources be examined and tested to gauge their applicability in ameliorating the many emerging challenges that represent worries for mankind. The issue at hand has made it compulsory for humanity to refrain from any egos contest and embrace Knowledge irrespective of where it emanates. As discussed on the pages of this paper, African Indigenous knowledge is one such rich source of Knowledge that represents workable solutions on a variety of issues that have been tried, tested, and certified as excellent. Therefore, it will be criminal to keep ignoring this Knowledge without making concerted efforts at applying it to checkmate some of the self-created debacles that threaten our continuous existence.
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    African Traditional Communication Systems and Nigeria’s 20-2020 Development Goals
    (College of Management Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, 2013) Oketunmbi, E.O.
    Introducing ATCOMS as an acronym to African traditional communication systems, this paper discussed the concepts and channels of indigenous communication on the continent. To realize the objectives of Nigeria's 20-2020 development goals, the paper also suggests the adoption of a multi-format and multi-channel communication approach that involves the integration of ATCOMS with the mass media communication strategies. It concludes that ATCOMS is a people oriented, participatory, and popular phenomenon in Africa. Therefore, it recommends the incorporation and exploitation of ATCOMS in NV 20-2020 and notes that such a step will be a right one in the right direction.
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    Age at first birth and fertility differentials among women in Osun State, Nigeria
    (2012) Oyefara, J.L.
    This paper examines the nexus between age at first birth and fertility differentials among women in Osun State, Nigeria. The rationale for this central objective was based on the fact that a lucid explanation on the relationships that exist between various indicators of socioeconomic development and fertility level after controlling for the age at first birth is an important phenomenon in understanding developmental process at both individual and societal levels. Thus, basic knowledge about the intricacies and interrelationship between these variables is of direct relevance to planners and policymakers attempting to integrate population variables into development planning. To achieve the central objective of the paper, empirical quantitative data from Osun State were used. Findings of the study show that irrespective of socio-demographic characteristics of women (such as place of residence, current age, occupational status, educational level, marital status and form of marriage), women who had their first birth below age 20 years exhibit significant higher number of children ever born in comparison with women who had their first birth by age 20 years and above at P<0.01 most especially when the later were at similar categories to the former. Thus, age at first birth is a strong determinant, among others, responsible for relatively high fertility level in the State. Consequently, it is imperative for policymakers and development partners in the State to develop appropriate policies and programmes that will address and inhibit early age at first birth in order to control the high natural population growth rate of Osun State, Nigeria
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    Agricultural output performance, employment generation and per capita income in Nigeria
    (Biz Econs Quarterly, 2020) Ochada, I.M.; Ogunniyi, M.B.
    Agriculture sector in Nigeria has been identified as a vital sector as it offers the teaming population the creation of employment thereby increasing the per capita income of the individuals in the economy. This study focused on the agricultural output performance, employment generation and per capita income in Nigeria from 1981-2016. Per capita income, employment generation proxy as agriculture value added per worker and agricultural output data gotten from CBN bulletin and World Bank data base were used as variables. The unit root test reveals stationary after first differencing. Johansen cointegration indicates no co-integrating equation which implies no stable long run equilibrium among agricultural output, employment generation and per capita income in Nigeria. The VAR using both impulse response and variance decomposition indicates positive dynamic interactions among agricultural output, employment generation and per capita income in Nigeria. More emphases therefore need to be placed on the agricultural sector as its output has the capacity to improve the quality of life of the people and create employment.