Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy- Conference Papers

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    Open Access
    Acceptance of ACTs by Patients in Private Healthcare Facilities in Surulere, Lagos State
    (Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine, 2008) Joda, A.E.; Fanimokun, T.O.
    Chloroquine has remained the first line in the management of malaria for over five decades. The avalanche of published research works and books on Chloroquine attests to its success and usefulness. Although, Chloroquine and Sulfadoxine / Pyrimethamine are readily available and inexpensive, P. falciparum parasites are resistant to these therapies in most parts of the tropics necessitating a switch in the antimalaria policy to Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs). However, studies hitherto conducted revealed that the ACTs were not yet accepted by patients suffering from malaria and justified the position of the researchers to determine if the situation had changed. Fifteen health facilities including private clinics and community pharmacies were used as target locations. Pre-tested questionnaires were administered on 30 randomly selected patients (2 per facility). A recovery rate of 100% was recorded. Most of the respondents were female. Majority of them were aged between 20-24 years. Most of the respondents could accurately interpret ACTs and many of them knew the ACT drugs in addition to other antimalaria drugs such as chloroquine and sulphadoxine plus pyrimethamine. Many of the respondents have used ACTs before. Though a definite preference for sulphadoxine plus pyrimethamine is still observed, majority of the respondents chose ACTs as their second line. Very few of the respondents indicated using chloroquine for their last malaria episode. From the results, the level of acceptance of ACTs and other Artemisinin products is high (50%) probably because more information is available on ACTs to both healthcare personnel and patients through mass media like television, radio, newspapers. It can be concluded that there is better acceptance of Artemisinin products (26.67% for ACTs, 23.33% for Artemisinin monotherapy) by patients though results still show a relative preference for sulphadoxine plus pyrimethamine (40%) probably because of the ease of the use (single dose administration) and cost. Information on adherence to therapy with ACTs must be sustained to prevent rapid emergence of resistance species to ACTs.
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    Open Access
    Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) Of Covid-19 Vaccine In Some Health Facilities In Lagos State.
    (Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria, 2021) Adekuoye A.S; Oreagba I.A; Aina B.A
    Texts attached
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    Open Access
    Antimalarial and antioxidant potentials of stemonocoleus micranthus harms (Leguminoseae) stem bark
    (University of Lagos Press and Bookshop Ltd, 2016) Orabueze, C.I.; Adesegun, S.A.; Ota, D.A.; Coker, H.A.
    The incidence of infertility among couples in Nigeria is on the increase. This has generated a lot of rests on the possible causes. The study thus aimed to examine previous and current lifestyle,as well as different dicine useamongst women attending of Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) Obstetrics and ynaecology c1inicfor reasons ofinfertility . . fethod: It was a comparative and descriptive study. Two hundred and forty-three antenatal and 192 gynae patients who fell within the study inclusion criteria were used. The research instrument consisted of pre-tested structured questionnaires developed based on the study objectives were randomly administered consenting patients.The data collected were analysed using SPSS statistical package version 21.0. Results: Using logistic regression analysis, results showed that frequent sexual intercourse, mode of dressing, exercise, coffee, alcohol, food upplements containing folic acid and iron, and balanced diet were identified as lifestyle factors that had significant effects on infertility (p~ 0.05). Pearson chi-square and Iinear-by-linear association results revealed that prescription drug use had no significant effect on infertility. Conclusion: The study revealed that some lifestyle factors affected female fertility while drug usehad no effect on women's fertility.
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    Open Access
    Assessment of Caregivers' Adherence to ARV Drugs Administration in HIV-Infected Children
    (2012) Aderemi-Williams, R.I.; Ajagbe, A.
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    Open Access
    Assessment of use of psychoactive and other non-prescription drugs among students of selected tertiary institutions in Ekiti State South West Nigeria - A baseline study
    (Cell Press, Science Direct, 2021-02) Soremekun, R.O; Adeyemi, O.C; Oshatimi, A.M; Omole, O.E
    Background Substance abuse is causing increasing threats to the stability of young minds, from teenage to the older youths and is an issue of public health concern in Nigeria. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions in Ekiti State. Methodology A comparative cross-sectional survey was carried out among students in tertiary institutions in Ekiti state with participants selected from Year 1 to Year 4. Data collection tool was the WHO questionnaire (STASSIS). Data was analysed to obtain descriptive and inferential data, Kruskal-Wallis test and chi square were used for analysis of variance and test of association. Result The majority of the students reported low use of all the drugs (64–90.1%) though moderate to high use were reported for: alcohol 35.1%, marijuana 15.7%, heroine 15.3%, tobacco 13.8% and cocaine 10.2%. There was a significant association between student's moderate to high use and university type. Students in private universities reported more use, especially heroine. Difference in substance use across the four years surveyed was significant with final year students (400 level) showing highest use. Conclusion Tertiary students in Ekiti state are low users of psychoactive substances with a prevalence of 60–91%. Moderate to high prevalence of 10–31% was reported with alcohol as the substance with highest usage. Substance use varied significantly with university type with highest prevalence in the private institution and students at different academic levels with final year students being the highest users.
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    Open Access
    Baseline Assessment of HIV Sero-Status disclosure among Patients Attending a Military treatment Site in Nigeria
    (2009-04) Aderemi-Williams, R.I.; Tayo, F.; Sagoe, A.; Zachariah, M.; Ibitoye, A.
    Texts attached
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    Open Access
    Contraceptive Knowledge and Practice: A Survey of Tertiary Institution Students in Lagos, Nigeria.
    (Nigerian Journal of Pharmacy, 2015) Joda, A.E.; Balogun, S
    Background: Students in tertiary institutions are usually teenagers, adolescents and/or young adults and are known to be adventurous and engage in risky sexual behavior such as unprotected sex. Unprotected sex carries a multitude of risks including sexually transmitted infections like gonorrhea, syphilis and even HIV, unwanted pregnancies, abortion, loss of education, to mention a few. The objective of this study was to document tertiary institution students’ knowledge and experience with contraceptives and unprotected sex. Methods: Pretested, semi-structured questionnaires were administered to 150 undergraduate students in the University of Lagos, Akoka Campus and the Yaba College of Technology, Yaba, the two tertiary educational institutions selected for this study in Lagos State. Results obtained were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS. Descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out as required. Results: A percent recovery of 80% was obtained. The mean age of respondents was 21.2 ± 2.5, and female to male sex ratio was 1.7: 1. From the findings, most of the students had good knowledge of contraception. The most common contraceptives known and used were condoms and contraceptive pills (OCPs). Just about half of the respondents used contraception and the most common reason for failure to use were pressure from partners and friends, perceived or real effects of some methods as well as difficulty of access. Less than a quarter of the respondents could correctly state outcomes of unprotected sex. There was a statistically significant association between those who engaged in unprotected sexual intercourse and their religion as well as their gender. There was no significant association between those engaging in unprotected sexual intercourse and age. Conclusion: It can be concluded from this work that though undergraduate students had acceptable levels of knowledge about contraception and contraceptive methods, a good proportion still engaged in risky sexual behaviour such as having unprotected sex and the practice of withdrawal as a contraceptive method. Awareness campaigns should be mounted to further educate adolescents with a view to changing their practices.
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    Open Access
    Drug Therapy Problems and Adherence amongst HIV-Positive Patients Attending a Treatment Site in Middle Belt Nigeria
    (2014) Aderemi-Williams, R.I.; Akoji, E.; Ogbo, P.
    Background: With the expansion in the accessibility of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) in the management of people living with HIV and AIDS in resource limited environment, drug therapy problems (DTPs) can be a possible challenge. Hence the need to identify DTPs and the possible causes amongst HIV-positive patients on highly active anti- retroviral Therapy (HAART). Methods: This was a 6-month prospective study using a form designed to extract the relevant data that met the study objectives. The data col- lated were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. Results: Most (76%) of the patients affected by DTPs were females and aged more than 15 years old (73%). A total of 18 DTPs were iden- tified. The major 5 were: unavailable prescribed medicines (30; 13.95%), undesirable effects (24; 11.16%). use of non-prescribed sedatives (23; 10.70%), use of non-prescribed antimalarial drugs (21; 9.77%) and use of herbal medicines (20; 9.30%). The major causes of the identified DTPs were: unnecessary drug therapy (59; 27.44%), non-adherence (47; 21.86%). patient needed additional therapy (36; 15.74%). and adverse drug reactions (30; 13.95%). Conclusions: DTPs exists in this treatment center and the causes include non-adherence. There is need for continual pharmacist mon- itoring and intervention with other healthcare providers as part of the pharmaceutical care plan when patients come for drug refill.
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    Open Access
    Effect of Patients' Knowledge of HIV and Antiretroviral Therapy on Adherence in a Treatment Site in Lagos, Nigeria
    (2016) Sagoe, A.; Tayo, F.; Aderemi-Williams, R.I.
    Background: Patients' knowledge about HIVand antiretroviral therapy has been found to have varying effect on patients' adherence to treat- ment. This study assessed various aspects of patients' knowledge and the effect on adherence. Methods: This was part of the longitudinal observational study carried out from December, 2006 to December, 2010. Validated questionnaires set to meet study objectives were administered to 294 eligible patients on whom on-going adherence counseling and monitoring of patients' clinical data were done. Pharmacy refill record measure of adherence was used. Data from 248 patients that completed the study were ana- Iyzed using SPSSversion 15.0 statistical package. Logistic regression model was used to determine the effect of knowledge on adherence. Results: Social and clinical demographic data analysis of study patients showed that 134 (54%) were married, 148 (59.70%) female, 106 (42.70%) had secondary school education and 208 (56.40%) employed. Their mean age was 40.39 :t8.78 years and mean baseline CD4 cell counts was 143.46 :t92. 72 cells/pl, At baseline 66.10% of the patients were on 12- hourly regimen while 33.90% were on 24-hourly regimen. Mean patients' pharmacy refill record of adherence at the end of the study was 96.64% :t 6.95%. In the twelfth month of study patients' knowledge of drug management and drug adherence were significantly predictive of adherence at p <0.05. Conclusion: Continuous patient education on HIV,antiretroviral treatment and need for adherence can contribute significantly in HIV+patients' adherence.
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    Open Access
    Favourable socio-economic factors reduce HIV related stigma and improve quality of life
    (2010) Ebiere, H.; Aderemi-Williams, R.I.; Ezechi, O.C.; Odunukwe, N.N.; Onwujekwe, D.I.; Musa, S.O.; Addeh, J.E.; Okwuonu, D.U.; Idigbe, O.E.
    BACKGROUND: Stigma is described as "an attribute that is deeply discrediting" and results in the reduction of a person or group "from a whole and usual person to a tainted, discounted one." Discrimination is the societal response to the negative value attached to the stigma an individual may carry. Stigma has consequences on the prevention of HIY infection and care of d in eren 'ally, on quality of life. Quality of life a is popularly used to convey an overall se o~ ...e I be' g and i des aspects such as happiness d s isfocti . li e as a whole. OBJECT1VE: e level of stigmatization in PlWHA and its effect on quality of life. METHOD: This was a cross sectional study. Data collection was done by randomly administering the questionnaire. The study instrument is a questionnaire adapted from a combination of the Tanzania Stigma questionnaire and the WHOQOl-HIY questionnaire. The sample size is 70. RESULT: The study showed that there was stigma among PlWHA to the magnitude of 51 %. This discovery could be attributed to the favourable socio-economic characteristics of the respondents such as their level of educati
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    Open Access
    Hepatitis B virus infection, knowledge and vaccine uptake among hairdressers in Ikorodu, Lagos State
    (European Journal of Public Health, 2020) Aina B.A; Olutoye O.A
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    Open Access
    Intervention on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) And Syndromic Management Among Community Pharmacists In Lagos State, Nigeria
    (Commonwealth Pharmacists Association, 2009) Aina B.A; Osegbe C.C
    Introduction: Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are a common and serious problem worldwide. The most widely known are gonorrhoea, syphilis and HIV – the virus that causes AIDS – but there are more than 20 others (WHO, 2007). The syndromic management approach is based on an STI syndrome and it offers many benefits in the struggle against STIs. Community pharmacists are one of the most accessible and trusted health care professionals. They are well located to reach millions of individuals with STI prevention and control messages and other strategies (Stergachis, 1999). Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the basic knowledge of community pharmacists in STIs and syndromic management and provide training as an intervention. Method: The study was a cross sectional pre and post type involving 202 community pharmacists in the 11 zones of Lagos state. Pre-tested questionnaires were self-administered to the community pharmacists before and after training on STI and Syndromic Management. Results: The findings of the study showed that about 16% of the community pharmacists had good knowledge of STIs and 53% of them had good knowledge on syndromic management. The findings also revealed that after the training intervention, there was an improvement in their basic knowledge on STIs and Syndromic Management of STIs (54% and 70% respectively). Conclusions: The assessment of the knowledge of community pharmacist on STIs and syndromic management shows that there is need for continuous education in these areas especially in the early detection and management of the condition.
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    Open Access
    Intervention Study On The Use Of Antibiotics In A Community In Lagos State, Nigeria
    (Commonwealth Pharmacists Association, 2009) Tayo F; Aina B.A; Johnson O.A
    Introduction: Studies in developing Countries have shown that antimicrobials are among the most frequently prescribed medications (Bosu and Ofori-Adjei, 2000). Irrational use of antibiotics occurs in all countries (le Grand et al 1999). The problem of antibiotic resistance is associated with the indiscriminate usage of antibiotics (Carey and Cryan 2003) hence rational use of antibiotics is needed. Objective: This study was to assess the use of oral antibiotics in the community and determine the effect of intervention messages to improve the knowledge on antibiotics use. Method: The study was carried out in Ilaje community in Bariga, Lagos State due to its cosmopolitan nature using Minegem Pharmacy as the study centre. The study was carried out over four weeks. Pretested questionnaires were administered pre and post intervention. Sixty-seven clients participated in the study. Intervention leaflet educating clients on the right use of antibiotics was developed in English, Yoruba and Pidgin English and given to respondents. Data was collected and the results analyzed. Result: Forty two respondents (62.7%) demanded for oral antibiotics without prescription while twenty five respondents (37.3%) were with prescriptions. Among those that came with prescriptions 80% were from doctors and 20% from pharmacists. Ampicillin/Cloxacillin was found to be commonest antibiotics demanded without prescription with 50% frequency due to wrong indication and 50% due to wrong dosage. It was also mostly prescribed by doctors. Knowledge of respondents on antibiotics use was tested pre and post intervention and the difference was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: The intervention leaflet improved the knowledge of respondents on rational use of antibiotics. There is need to extend the scope of this study to cover more pharmacies and communities to empower the populace against irrational use of antibiotics.
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    Open Access
    Knowledge and prevalence of depression among students on College of Medicine University of Lagos
    (European Journal of Public Health, 2020) Aina B.A; Adebowale D, K
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    Open Access
    Knowledge and use of dietary supplements by students of College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
    (J Basic Clin Pharm., 2014) Aina B.A; Ojedokun O.A
    RATIONALE: Nutritional supplements are preparations intended to supplement the diet and provide nutrients. They include vitamins, minerals, fiber, fatty acids, or amino acids, that may be missing or may not be consumed in sufficient quantities in a person's diet. Many health professionals including dietitians, physicians and pharmacists are supplement users. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the present study were to determine knowledge and use of dietary supplements among students of College of Medicine, University of Lagos who are potential health professionals. METHODOLOGY: A self-administered questionnaire with a mix of open and close ended questions was employed to collect data in this study. It was distributed to 300 students that were in their final year in various departments of the college. FINDINGS: Response rate was 89%. About 86% of the students have used dietary supplement before while half of them (50%) have used it in the past 12 months. The common types of dietary supplements used in the past 12 months are the vitamins. The reasons for use by the students were good health, poor diet, to boost immunity, weight gain and doctor's prescription. Most of the students were occasional and once in a while users. CONCLUSIONS: Majority of the students were aware of dietary supplement use and most of them were occasional users.
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    Open Access
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    Knowledge, attitude and perception (KAP) of HIV/AIDS and the use of ARVS by people living with HIV (PLWH) attending Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH)
    (University of Lagos Press and Bookshop Ltd, 2007-12-03) Aderemi-Williams, R.I.; Ola, I.O; Tayo, F.
    INTRODUCTION: With the advent of antiretroviral drugs, infection with HIV is no longer the death sentence it used to be. The management of the infection however requires that patients be fully involved for successful management. This is very 104 important as management with HAART requires not less than 95% adherence to achieve complete viral suppression, increase CD4 cell counts thereby preventing emergence of resistant strains with the attendant dire consequences. OBJECTIVES: The study therefore aimed to have an insight into current knowledge, attitude and perception of HIV/AIDS and the use of ARVs by people living with HIV (PLWH) attending Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH). METHODOLOGY: Pre-tested questionnaires set to achieve the study objectives were randomly administered to 1
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    Open Access
    Knowledge, attitude and practice of preventing helminth infections among students of CMUL, Idi Araba
    (European Journal of Public Health, 2020) Aina B.A; Ogunbameru A.V
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    Open Access
    Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs and Practices of In-School Youth in Tertiary Institutions in Lagos State to HIV/AIDS
    (Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine, 2005) Joda, A.E.; Ogbeni, O.
    HIV/AIDS seriously affects adolescents throughout the world. One third of all currently infected individuals are youth between the ages of 15 to 24 and half of all new infections occur in youth of the same age. People of this age range can be found abundantly in tertiary institutions studying for degrees in various professions. It therefore, is necessary to document their level of awareness in order to assess their role in the spread or, otherwise of the infection in the state. 2 tertiary institutions were randomly selected from a list from the Lagos State Ministry of Education. 135 pre-tested questionnaires were administered to students in the Lagos State University, Ojo Campus (LASUO) and the University of Lagos, Idiaraba Campus (MEDILAG). A percentage recovery of 91.9% and 97.8% respectively was obtained. 233 respondents fell in the age bracket of 16 to 25, the target age range for HIV/AIDS. Majority of the respondents in both institutions could accurately define HIV and AIDS and they could also accurately indicate the body fluids in which HIV can be detected. Most of the students in both institutions indicated correct ways through which HIV could be contracted. Unfortunately some respondents still picked mosquito bite, kissing and casual contact. In prevention, a high proportion of the respondents chose correct options. At least 60% protect themselves correctly from HIV infection. About 50% of the respondents didn't know their HIV status and at least a quarter of them did not want to know. From the results, the level of awareness of the students is high concerning the basic knowledge of HIV/AIDS. The results were usually better in MEDILAG compared to LASUO though this was not always statistically significant. It can be concluded from this study that the level of awareness is high among youth in tertiary institutions. However, targeted education is still necessary to reach the remaining students whose awareness, and therefore behavior, is still non-compliant.
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    Open Access
    Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: An Index for Female Infertility in a Teaching Hospital in Lagos, Nigeria
    (Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine, 2006) Joda, A.E.; Masha, Y.
    Background: Increasing numbers of women experiencing delay in childbirth have been encountered in various locations including churches, community pharmacies, hospitals and even in the neighborhood. Also a higher proportion of women experienced ectopic pregnancies or miscarriages. All this prompted the researchers to try to determine probable causes for these events and thus resulted in this study. Objective: The main purpose of this study was to explore the interrelationship that exists between pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility as well as investigate the level of suspicion of physicians in the relevant units (Obstetrics and Gynaecology) to the interrelationship. Methodology: 20 physicians in Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idiaraba were interviewed by means of a semi structured 2-part questionnaire. 100 case notes of female patients with infertility problems were randomly selected from the Medical Records Department and assessed using a pre-formed Checklist. Recovery was 100%. Results: From the results obtained it was documented that the problem of PID associated infertility is a serious problem, which must be tackled appropriately. The level of suspicion of physicians in the relevant units must be raised to the likelihood of PID as a cause of infertility through timely and appropriate in-service education and training. Conclusion: In order to prevent PID and the associated infertility, physicians and public health specialists need to understand the interactions of PID-causing microorganisms with the host immune system which will enable them provide efficient primary, as well as secondary prevention services to their patients. It is, therefore, essential that relevant in-service training be given to physicians in these units periodically to enable them perform this function effectively.