Haematology and Blood Transfusion- Scholarly Publications

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    Open Access
    Blood Usage by Speciality in Health Institutions in Abia State: Documentation, A Major Challenge
    (Clinics in Nursing, 2024) Uche, C.L; Ezirim, E.O; Ogbenn, A.A; Chikezie, K; Owojiyugbe, T.O; Iwuoha, E.C; Ndukwe, P.E; Eke, O.K; Abali, I.O; Ndukwe, C.O; Ngwudo, S; Agu, F.U; Airaodion, A.I
    Background: Efficient blood usage is essential for optimal healthcare delivery. However, poor documentation remains a significant challenge in accurately assessing blood usage by specialty. This study explores blood utilization across specialties in health institutions in Abia State, Nigeria, highlighting the challenges in documentation and the distribution patterns of blood use. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted over six months, involving 13 health institutions in the three senatorial zones of Abia State: Abia North, Abia South, and Abia Central. Health facilities that met inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. Data were collected using a semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire and blood bank records from January to June 2022. Analysis was performed using SPSS version 23, with descriptive statistics and frequency distributions presented for demographic and categorical data. Results: A total of 4,724 blood donations were documented, with government institutions contributing the majority (51.9%) of collections. Internal Medicine utilized the highest proportion of blood (51.04%), followed by Accident and Emergency (16.81%), Obstetrics and Gynecology (14.67%), Surgery (8.30%), and Paediatrics (9.20%). The absence of computerized documentation in all institutions and lack of standardized record-keeping hindered efficient data retrieval. Conclusion: Internal Medicine accounted for the highest blood usage among specialties, while Paediatrics used the least. Documentation inconsistencies and manual record-keeping practices present significant barriers to reliable blood usage tracking. Enhancing data documentation and implementing computerized systems in health institutions are recommended to improve accuracy and efficiency.
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    Open Access
    Challenges of Blood Transfusion Services in Abia State: A Study on Infrastructure and Manpower
    (J. General Medicine and Clinical Practice, 2024) Uche, C.L; Owojiugbe, T.O; Abali, I.O; Eke, O.K; Ogbenna, A.A; Ngwudo, S; Ndukwe, C.O; Iwuoha, E.C; Ndukwe, P.E; Ezirim, E.O; Chikezie, K; Agu, F.U; Airaodion, A.I
    Background: Blood transfusion services are vital to healthcare delivery, yet many health institutions face challenges related to infrastructure and manpower. This study aims to assess the availability and adequacy of blood transfusion equipment and staff in healthcare institutions across Abia State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted over six months in 13 public and private health institutions across the three senatorial zones of Abia State: Abia North, Abia South, and Abia Central. Data were collected using a semi-structured, pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire, supplemented by blood bank records, covering the period from January to June 2022. The study assessed the availability of dedicated blood transfusion staff, the existence of blood transfusion committees, quality policies, and the types of blood screening methods used. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23, with results expressed in frequencies, percentages, and means. Results: The majority of institutions were secondary (77%) and had poor availability of blood transfusion equipment (92.3%), with only 38.5% having a dedicated blood bank and 84.6% possessing benchtop centrifuges. Critical equipment such as apheresis machines, cold centrifuges, -20°C freezers, and platelet agitators were entirely absent. In terms of manpower, 92.3% of blood banks had dedicated staff, but none reported adequate staffing. Only 7.7% had a consultant haematologist, and 23.1% employed trained phlebotomists. Screening methods for HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and VDRL relied entirely on rapid tests, with no ELISA use reported. Conclusion: The study highlights significant challenges in blood transfusion services in Abia State, with inadequate infrastructure and insufficient manpower being key issues. Urgent interventions are needed to improve equipment availability and staffing to ensure safe and effective blood transfusion services.
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    Open Access
    Investigating the Complications of Blood Donation in Health Institutions in Abia State, Nigeria
    (Journal of Hematology Research and Blood Disorders, 2024) Uche, C.L; Ogbenna, A.A; Chikezie, K; Owojiugbe, T.O; Iwuoha, E.C; Ndukwe, P.E; Eke, O.K; Abali, I.O; Ndukwe, C.O; Ngwudo, S; Ezirim, E.O; Airaodion, A.I
    Background: Blood donation is a critical component of healthcare systems globally. However, complications associated with blood donation can affect donor safety and the quality of services provided by health institutions. This study aims to investigate the occurrence and nature of complications of blood donation in health institutions in Abia State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, six-month retrospective study was conducted across public and private health institutions in Abia State, Nigeria, involving 13 hospitals from the three senatorial zones: Abia North, Abia South, and Abia Central. Data was collected from November 2023 to February 2024 through a semi-structured, pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire and review of blood bank records covering January to June 2022. The questionnaire assessed 20 complications of blood donation, including agitation, sweating, cold skin, nausea, and more, using a 5-point Likert scale. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23, with significance set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: The highest occurring complication was pain, which often affected donors, but other complications like agitation, sweating, fatigue, venous hematoma, and thrombophlebitis were observed sometimes. Most complications, such as pallor, low blood pressure, syncope, and convulsions, were rare or never occurred. The study found that none of the complications occurred consistently in all donations, highlighting variability in donor reactions. Conclusion: Complications from blood donation in Abia State health institutions are generally infrequent, with pain being the most common. The findings underscore the need for continuous monitoring of donor health and the implementation of preventive strategies to enhance donor safety.
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    Open Access
    Seroprevalence of Viral Markers among Tattooed and Non tattooed Prospective Blood Donors at Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH)
    (International Journal of Research and Reports in Hematology, 2024) Adebayo, R.N; Anyiam, A.F; Ogbenna, A.A; Muhibi, M.A; Arinze-Anyiam, O.C; Kayode, O.T; Usman, M; Adebayo, O
    Introduction: Blood transfusion is vital but carries risks of transfusion-transmissible diseases (TTDs), especially in regions with inadequate practices. While tattoos may pose infection risks, evidence linking them to TTDs is inconclusive. Aim/Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of viral markers among tattooed and non-tattooed prospective blood donors at Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at LUTH, Lagos, Nigeria, from June to July 2024. A total of 158 adult blood donors, comprising 79 tattooed and 79 non-tattooed individuals, were recruited. Blood samples were tested for Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies using rapid diagnostic kits. Statistical analysis included multivariate and odds ratio calculations. Results: Among 79 tattooed participants, 26.6% tested positive for a TTI, with higher rates in those with older tattoos. Among non-tattooed donors, 21.5% had TTIs. Hepatitis B virus prevalence was slightly higher in tattooed individuals (11.4%) than in non-tattooed (10.1%). Co-infections (HIV/HBV and HBV/HCV) were more common in tattooed donors, though none of these differences were statistically significant. No TTIs were found in tattooed females, and participants with multiple tattoos or sexual partners had higher odds of testing positive. Conclusion: The study suggests that tattoos may contribute to an increased risk of TTIs, particularly for older tattoos. However, other factors like gender, age, and sexual behaviour are also significant contributors. The findings imply that recent tattoos and improved practices may reduce risks, challenging the need for strict deferral policies for all tattooed donors.
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    Open Access
    Assessment of MTR Rs1805087 SNP as Possible Modifier of Sickle Cell Disease Severity in a Nigerian Population
    (West African Journal of Medicine, 2022) Osunkalu V.O; Ogbenna A.A; Davies N.O; Olowoselu F.O; Aiyelokun O.E; Akinsola O.J; Taiwo I.A
    ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Sickle cell disease is the commonest genetic disorder in Nigeria, affecting 2–3% of an estimated population of 160 million people. The role of genetic mutations in folate cycle genes, and the variable phenotypic expressions constituting disease severity, needs to be critically examined. OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to establish the pattern of methionine synthase gene mutations (rs1805087 SNP), and its possible association with disease severity in adults with sickle cell anaemia in Lagos, Nigeria. METHODOLOGY: This is a cross-sectional study of seventy (70) subjects with sickle cell disease (HbSS) matched for age and gender with known apparently healthy haemoglobin genotype AA (HbAA) subjects, as cases and controls respectively. Structured questionnaires were used to obtain demographic, clinical and other phenotypic data needed to compute disease severity. Pattern of MTR A2756G gene mutation and homocysteine assay (Hcy) were assessed by Polymerase Chain Reaction and Enzyme- linked Immunosorbent Assay respectively. Full blood count analysis of participants was done using the KX-21 Automated Analyzer (Sysmex Corporation, Japan). RESULTS: The mutant genotypes MTR 2756 AG/GG were recorded in 46.4% (n =55) of subjects with disease severity score >7. Elevated plasma homocysteine (HHcy) was significantly associated with disease severity among HbSS subjects (OR=17.2, CI: 3.490-86.079; p=0.0001). Conversely, no significant association was observed with the mutant genotypes MTR 2756 AG/GG and disease severity (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: While HHcy is significantly associated with phenotypic expression of HbSS, the MTR 2756 SNPs did not appear to independently influence homocysteine level or disease severity in HbSS subjects.