Community Health and Primary Care- Conference Papers

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    Open Access
    Awareness of Self Breast Examination among female National Youth Service Corps in Lagos State, Nigeria.
    (2016) Alabi, AO; Alabi, AS; Salako, O; Sowunmi, AC; Fatiregun, OA; Ogunyemi, AO; Ololade, OK; Okunnuga, OY; Ajekigbe, AT; Ketiku, KK
    Background: Breast Cancer is the most common female malignancy in Nigeria. Incidence of breast cancer is increasing globally among younger generations. Early detection, early presentation and prompt treatment offer the greatest chance of long-term survival in Breast cancer. Self-breast examination (SBE) is an option which is highly recommended for women starting in their 20s. Women should be told about the benefits and limitations of SBE. Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the level of awareness and practice of SBE among female corp members in Lagos state. Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey. It was conducted at the Orientation Camp of the National Youth Service Corper in Lagos State. Four hundred and twelve female corp members participated in the study. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires to evaluate information such as demographics, level of awareness and practice of SBE. Results: The age range of the respondents was between 19-32 years with mean age of 24.7 years. Majority, 233(56.6%) of the respondents were between 20-25 years. 395(96.4%) of the corp members were aware of SBE, 244(59.2%) were informed about SBE by a health worker and others informed through health campaigns, posters and friends. The study showed that 308(74.8%) had done a SBE while only 74(18%) of the corp members had had a clinical breast examination(CBE) in the past. 197(47.8%) felt SBE should be done occasionally and 162 (39.3%) felt CBE should be done as often as possible. Majority 384(94.4%) felt monthly breast SBE was essential in early diagnosis of breast conditions. Conclusion: SBE though not recommended as a screening tool for breast cancer, is the only viable tool for this age group in developing countries where CBE may not be feasible due to inaccessibility or sociocultural reasons. It is important for women to be familiar with the way their breasts normally look and feel. Awareness of SBE among young females includes knowing your risk, getting screened, knowing what is normal for you and making healthy lifestyle choices.
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    Open Access
    Knowledge and implementation of the National Malaria Control Programme among health‑care workers in primary health‑care centers in Ogun State,
    (2018) Ladi-Akinyemi, TW; Amoran, OE; Ogunyemi, AO; Kanma-Okafor, OJ; Onajole, AT
    Introduction: Country-specific evidence shows that Nigeria has the largest population at risk of malaria in Africa. Primary healthcare facilities play a major role in malaria control and often provide the bulk of malaria case management services. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in primary healthcare centers (PHCs) in three Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Ogun state. A pretested observational checklist adapted from the National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) guideline was used to assess the health facilities, commodities, and supplies for malaria case management in all the PHCs. Results: A total of 75 PHCs were visited in the three LGAs. Only 32.0% of the PHCs had long lasting insecticide nets (LLINs) on the hospital beds. The majority (74.7 and 60.0%) of the PHCs distributed LLINs at antenatal care (ANC) and during immunization. The availability of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) was good in 57.3% of the PHCs, and directly observed therapy of SP at ANC was good in 59.3% of the PHCs. Only 6.7% of the PHCs had the light microscope. There was availability of rapid diagnostic test kits in 62.7% of the PHCs. There was regular supply of artemisinin-based combination therapy in almost half of the PHCs. However, only 5.3% of the PHCs had quinine tablets available and only one of the PHCs had the correct prescription of quinine. Conclusion: There should be adequate and regular supplies of NMCP commodities in the PHCs if the country is to achieve the general objective of the current National Malaria Strategic Plan. Keywords: Commodities, Nigeria, NMCP, Ogun state, PHCs, supplies
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    Open Access
    Oral health and care among a group of rural older Nigerian. African Journal of Oral Health
    (2018) Akinboboye, BO; Ogunyemi, AO; Ladi-Akinyemi, TW
    Objectives: To determine oral health status and explore factors associated with use professional oral health care among a Nigerian rural older population. Methods: Recruitments of 400 participants aged 60 and above done by multi - stage-sampling method. Pretested structured questionnaire administered with oral examination done. Results: Mean ages of participants were 67.06+/- 8.37 years. Proportion of participants with poor oral hygiene was 49.5%, caries (17.4%), periodontal disease (16.5%), tooth loss (71.3%) and tooth replacement was done by 5.5% of this population. Majority (64.8%) had never used professional oral health care. Main reason for seeking professional care was pain (73.05%). The proportion that went for routine checkup (8.5%) was the least. Proximity to dental service (p = 0.01), presence of oral pain (<0.001), attitude to professional oral care (p = <0.001) and ability to afford professional dental care (p = 0.001) had significant association, with utilization of professional oral care. Discussion: The poor oral health and elevated tooth loss is at variance with universal access to health and the rural older population is deprived of oral health interventions. There are various factors attributed to these, such as financial constraint and negative attitude. All of these may translates to social exclusion of the rural older population. Conclusion: Oral health in the older population studied is poor with an increased tendency to tooth loss and poor utilization of professional oral care. Factors influencing professional oral care were proximity to service centre, attitude to oral health, and perception of cost. Keywords: older, care, oral health
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    Open Access
    Assessment of health facilities, commodities and supplies for malaria case management at Primary Health Centres in Ogun State.
    (2019) Ladi-Akinyemi, TW; Daniel, OJ; Kanma-Okafor, OJ; Ogunyemi, AO; Onajole, AT
    Introduction: Country-specific evidence shows that Nigeria has the largest population at risk of malaria in Africa. Primary healthcare facilities play a major role in malaria control and often provide the bulk of malaria case management services. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in primary healthcare centers (PHCs) in three Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Ogun state. A pretested observational checklist adapted from the National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) guideline was used to assess the health facilities, commodities, and supplies for malaria case management in all the PHCs. Results: A total of 75 PHCs were visited in the three LGAs. Only 32.0% of the PHCs had long lasting insecticide nets (LLINs) on the hospital beds. The majority (74.7 and 60.0%) of the PHCs distributed LLINs at antenatal care (ANC) and during immunization. The availability of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) was good in 57.3% of the PHCs, and directly observed therapy of SP at ANC was good in 59.3% of the PHCs. Only 6.7% of the PHCs had the light microscope. There was availability of rapid diagnostic test kits in 62.7% of the PHCs. There was regular supply of artemisinin-based combination therapy in almost half of the PHCs. However, only 5.3% of the PHCs had quinine tablets available and only one of the PHCs had the correct prescription of quinine. Conclusion: There should be adequate and regular supplies of NMCP commodities in the PHCs if the country is to achieve the general objective of the current National Malaria Strategic Plan. Keywords: Commodities, Nigeria, NMCP, Ogun state, PHCs, supplies
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    Open Access
    Physicians’ compliance to malaria treatment guidelines among under-fives in a secondary maternal and child care centre, Lagos.
    (2019) Otokpa, E; Ogunyemi, AO; Ladi-Akinyemi, TW; Onajole, AT
    Background: The global malaria agenda has the ultimate goal of eliminating malaria in all countries of the world by 2030 through universal access to malaria prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Presumptive treatment of malaria with Artemisinin Combination Therapy (ACT) has been associated with the development of resistance, therefore parasitological confirmation of all fevers is crucial in the context of eliminating malaria. This study assessed physicians’ compliance with the national guidelines in the treatment of malaria among under-five (U-5) children and their prescription pattern in a Maternal and Child Care (MCC) centre in Lagos State. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted as an exit interview among 427 mothers/caregivers of febrile U-5 children who were consecutively sampled.The data was collected using a pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire and a proforma. Epi-info version 7.2.1 was used to analyze the data and the level of significance was set as p<0.05. Results: Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test (mRDT) was done for 75 17.6%) of the children and 37 (49.3%) was positive. Anti-malarial drugs were prescribed at consultation to 400 (93.7%) of the febrile children. Artemisinin Combination Therapy (ACT) was prescribed for 364 (91.0%) of the children. The most prescribed ACT was Artemether-Lumefantrine (AL) in 222 (60.9%). Conclusion: The physician’s compliance with malaria treatment guidelines for febrile illnesses in U-5 children was poor with regards to parasitological confirmation before treatment. However, the use of ACTs was adhered to in almost all cases. Regular training workshops are recommended for health workers to improve adherence to parasitological confirmation before treatment.