Community Health and Primary Care- Conference Papers

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    Open Access
    Alcohol Serving Venues as Facilitators of HIV Transmission: A Study of Bars and Beer Parlors in an Urban Community in Lagos State
    (2016-06-08) Alli-Balogun, O. K.; Sekoni, A. O.; Onigbogi, O. O.
    Book of abstracts
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    Open Access
    Assessment of health facilities, commodities and supplies for malaria case management at Primary Health Centres in Ogun State.
    (2019) Ladi-Akinyemi, TW; Daniel, OJ; Kanma-Okafor, OJ; Ogunyemi, AO; Onajole, AT
    Introduction: Country-specific evidence shows that Nigeria has the largest population at risk of malaria in Africa. Primary healthcare facilities play a major role in malaria control and often provide the bulk of malaria case management services. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in primary healthcare centers (PHCs) in three Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Ogun state. A pretested observational checklist adapted from the National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) guideline was used to assess the health facilities, commodities, and supplies for malaria case management in all the PHCs. Results: A total of 75 PHCs were visited in the three LGAs. Only 32.0% of the PHCs had long lasting insecticide nets (LLINs) on the hospital beds. The majority (74.7 and 60.0%) of the PHCs distributed LLINs at antenatal care (ANC) and during immunization. The availability of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) was good in 57.3% of the PHCs, and directly observed therapy of SP at ANC was good in 59.3% of the PHCs. Only 6.7% of the PHCs had the light microscope. There was availability of rapid diagnostic test kits in 62.7% of the PHCs. There was regular supply of artemisinin-based combination therapy in almost half of the PHCs. However, only 5.3% of the PHCs had quinine tablets available and only one of the PHCs had the correct prescription of quinine. Conclusion: There should be adequate and regular supplies of NMCP commodities in the PHCs if the country is to achieve the general objective of the current National Malaria Strategic Plan. Keywords: Commodities, Nigeria, NMCP, Ogun state, PHCs, supplies
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    Open Access
    Awareness of Self Breast Examination among female National Youth Service Corps in Lagos State, Nigeria.
    (2016) Alabi, AO; Alabi, AS; Salako, O; Sowunmi, AC; Fatiregun, OA; Ogunyemi, AO; Ololade, OK; Okunnuga, OY; Ajekigbe, AT; Ketiku, KK
    Background: Breast Cancer is the most common female malignancy in Nigeria. Incidence of breast cancer is increasing globally among younger generations. Early detection, early presentation and prompt treatment offer the greatest chance of long-term survival in Breast cancer. Self-breast examination (SBE) is an option which is highly recommended for women starting in their 20s. Women should be told about the benefits and limitations of SBE. Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the level of awareness and practice of SBE among female corp members in Lagos state. Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey. It was conducted at the Orientation Camp of the National Youth Service Corper in Lagos State. Four hundred and twelve female corp members participated in the study. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires to evaluate information such as demographics, level of awareness and practice of SBE. Results: The age range of the respondents was between 19-32 years with mean age of 24.7 years. Majority, 233(56.6%) of the respondents were between 20-25 years. 395(96.4%) of the corp members were aware of SBE, 244(59.2%) were informed about SBE by a health worker and others informed through health campaigns, posters and friends. The study showed that 308(74.8%) had done a SBE while only 74(18%) of the corp members had had a clinical breast examination(CBE) in the past. 197(47.8%) felt SBE should be done occasionally and 162 (39.3%) felt CBE should be done as often as possible. Majority 384(94.4%) felt monthly breast SBE was essential in early diagnosis of breast conditions. Conclusion: SBE though not recommended as a screening tool for breast cancer, is the only viable tool for this age group in developing countries where CBE may not be feasible due to inaccessibility or sociocultural reasons. It is important for women to be familiar with the way their breasts normally look and feel. Awareness of SBE among young females includes knowing your risk, getting screened, knowing what is normal for you and making healthy lifestyle choices.
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    Open Access
    Care practices and nutritional status of the elderly in old people’s homes in Lagos state.
    (2019) Okoye, C; Ogunyemi, AO; Abosede, AO
    Background: Socioeconomic hardship of most of the elderly in Nigeria makes them vulnerable to malnutrition. The aged in care homes have high care dependency and altered modes of feeding that can impair their nutritional status. Objective: The study determined the association between care practices and nutritional status of the elderly (60 years and above) in selected old people’s homes in Lagos State. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was undertaken involving 56 consenting respondents aged 60 years and above in seven care homes for the elderly in Lagos State (one government, three private and three faith- based homes). An 18-item Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF) was used to screen for nutritional risk. The data obtained was analyzed for frequencies, associations were tested using Pearson’s chi-square at p < 0.05 significance level using EPI INFO version 7. Results: More than half (51.8%) of the elderly were at risk of malnutrition, 35.7% were malnourished and only 12.5% had normal nutritional status. Relationship with family and level of care in the facilities had significant (p < 0.05) effects on the MNA scores. The associations between decline in food intake, acute disease and malnutrition were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The elderly who experienced severe decline in food intake and the presence of acute diseases were more likely to be malnourished and this association was statistically significant. The management and caregivers should conduct periodical nutritional assessment and health checks to prevent malnutrition and provide prompt intervention when needed. Key words: Care practice, nutritional status, elderly, care homes.
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    Open Access
    Cervical Cancer Screening: Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among Women Living in a Local Government Area in Lagos State.
    (2016-06-08) Agba, S.C; Odeyemi, K.A; Onigbogi, O.O
    Book of abstracts attached.
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    Open Access
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    Open Access
    Depression-related knowledge, attitude and help-seeking behaviour among residents of Surulere Local Government Area, Lagos State.
    (2019) Egwuonwu, CC; Kanma-Okafor, OJ; Ogunyemi, AO; Yusuf, HO; Adeyemi, JD
    Context: Worldwide, depression leads among the causes of ill‐health and disability. Therefore, it is a major public health concern. Aim: This study was carried out to determine depression‐related knowledge, attitude, and help‐seeking behavior among residents of Surulere Local Government Area, Lagos state, Nigeria. Settings and Design: This was a descriptive cross‐sectional study. A total of 422 respondents were recruited using the multistage sampling technique. Subjects and Methods: An adapted, pretested, semi‐structured, and interviewer‐administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using EPI Info Version 7 statistical software. Results: The proportion of respondents with depressive symptoms such as loss of interest in usual activities was 30.6%. Majority of the respondents had good knowledge of depression (90.0%), positive attitude (93.2%), and good help‐seeking behavior (87.9%) toward depression. Marital status was not significantly associated with the presence of depressive symptoms. However, there was a statistically significant association between employment status and the presence of depressive symptoms (P = 0.001) and the help‐seeking behavior toward depression (P = 0.013); the level of education on the other hand showed a statistically significant association with both knowledge and attitude (P = 0.003, P ≤ 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Most of the respondents had good knowledge, positive attitude, and good help‐seeking behavior toward depression; however, mental health services may not be readily available. There is therefore a need to ensure the availability of good mental health services as well as public enlightenment on where and how to access these services. These can prove very useful in tackling the rising prevalence of mental health disorders. Key words: Attitude, depression, depressive symptoms, help‐seeking behavior, knowledge, mental health
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    Open Access
    Knowledge and implementation of the National Malaria Control Programme among health‑care workers in primary health‑care centers in Ogun State,
    (2018) Ladi-Akinyemi, TW; Amoran, OE; Ogunyemi, AO; Kanma-Okafor, OJ; Onajole, AT
    Introduction: Country-specific evidence shows that Nigeria has the largest population at risk of malaria in Africa. Primary healthcare facilities play a major role in malaria control and often provide the bulk of malaria case management services. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in primary healthcare centers (PHCs) in three Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Ogun state. A pretested observational checklist adapted from the National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) guideline was used to assess the health facilities, commodities, and supplies for malaria case management in all the PHCs. Results: A total of 75 PHCs were visited in the three LGAs. Only 32.0% of the PHCs had long lasting insecticide nets (LLINs) on the hospital beds. The majority (74.7 and 60.0%) of the PHCs distributed LLINs at antenatal care (ANC) and during immunization. The availability of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) was good in 57.3% of the PHCs, and directly observed therapy of SP at ANC was good in 59.3% of the PHCs. Only 6.7% of the PHCs had the light microscope. There was availability of rapid diagnostic test kits in 62.7% of the PHCs. There was regular supply of artemisinin-based combination therapy in almost half of the PHCs. However, only 5.3% of the PHCs had quinine tablets available and only one of the PHCs had the correct prescription of quinine. Conclusion: There should be adequate and regular supplies of NMCP commodities in the PHCs if the country is to achieve the general objective of the current National Malaria Strategic Plan. Keywords: Commodities, Nigeria, NMCP, Ogun state, PHCs, supplies
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    Open Access
    Oral health and care among a group of rural older Nigerian. African Journal of Oral Health
    (2018) Akinboboye, BO; Ogunyemi, AO; Ladi-Akinyemi, TW
    Objectives: To determine oral health status and explore factors associated with use professional oral health care among a Nigerian rural older population. Methods: Recruitments of 400 participants aged 60 and above done by multi - stage-sampling method. Pretested structured questionnaire administered with oral examination done. Results: Mean ages of participants were 67.06+/- 8.37 years. Proportion of participants with poor oral hygiene was 49.5%, caries (17.4%), periodontal disease (16.5%), tooth loss (71.3%) and tooth replacement was done by 5.5% of this population. Majority (64.8%) had never used professional oral health care. Main reason for seeking professional care was pain (73.05%). The proportion that went for routine checkup (8.5%) was the least. Proximity to dental service (p = 0.01), presence of oral pain (<0.001), attitude to professional oral care (p = <0.001) and ability to afford professional dental care (p = 0.001) had significant association, with utilization of professional oral care. Discussion: The poor oral health and elevated tooth loss is at variance with universal access to health and the rural older population is deprived of oral health interventions. There are various factors attributed to these, such as financial constraint and negative attitude. All of these may translates to social exclusion of the rural older population. Conclusion: Oral health in the older population studied is poor with an increased tendency to tooth loss and poor utilization of professional oral care. Factors influencing professional oral care were proximity to service centre, attitude to oral health, and perception of cost. Keywords: older, care, oral health
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    Open Access
    Physicians’ compliance to malaria treatment guidelines among under-fives in a secondary maternal and child care centre, Lagos.
    (2019) Otokpa, E; Ogunyemi, AO; Ladi-Akinyemi, TW; Onajole, AT
    Background: The global malaria agenda has the ultimate goal of eliminating malaria in all countries of the world by 2030 through universal access to malaria prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Presumptive treatment of malaria with Artemisinin Combination Therapy (ACT) has been associated with the development of resistance, therefore parasitological confirmation of all fevers is crucial in the context of eliminating malaria. This study assessed physicians’ compliance with the national guidelines in the treatment of malaria among under-five (U-5) children and their prescription pattern in a Maternal and Child Care (MCC) centre in Lagos State. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted as an exit interview among 427 mothers/caregivers of febrile U-5 children who were consecutively sampled.The data was collected using a pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire and a proforma. Epi-info version 7.2.1 was used to analyze the data and the level of significance was set as p<0.05. Results: Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test (mRDT) was done for 75 17.6%) of the children and 37 (49.3%) was positive. Anti-malarial drugs were prescribed at consultation to 400 (93.7%) of the febrile children. Artemisinin Combination Therapy (ACT) was prescribed for 364 (91.0%) of the children. The most prescribed ACT was Artemether-Lumefantrine (AL) in 222 (60.9%). Conclusion: The physician’s compliance with malaria treatment guidelines for febrile illnesses in U-5 children was poor with regards to parasitological confirmation before treatment. However, the use of ACTs was adhered to in almost all cases. Regular training workshops are recommended for health workers to improve adherence to parasitological confirmation before treatment.
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    Open Access
    A rural-urban comparison of determinants of ownership and utilization of Long-Lasting Insecticide Treated Nets among pregnant mothers in Ogun State Nigeria-
    (2019) Ladi-Akinyemi, TW; Akinyemi, BO; Ogunyemi, AO; Oluwole, FA
    Background: The use of Long-Lasting Insecticide Treated Nets (LLINs) in Africa increased mean birth weight by 55g, reduced the incidence of low birth weight by 23% and decreased miscarriages/stillbirths by 33%. However, the benefit of the LLINs may be limited by the rate of ownership and utilization by pregnant women. Objective: To determine and compare the ownership and utilization of LLINs among pregnant women in urban and rural areas of Ogun State. Methods: A community-based comparative cross-sectional study on 72 and 74 pregnant women living in urban and rural areas, respectively of Ogun State was carried out. Using a multi-stage cluster sampling technique and a pretested semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire, information on LLINs ownership and use were obtained. Results: Ownership of LLINs was 81.1% in rural areas compared to 66.7% in urban areas. About 65% of participants in rural versus 44.4% in urban areas slept under LLINs. The predictor of ownership of LLIN was age group 15-24 years [AOR 0.10 (95%CI 0.01 - 0.56)]. The predictors of utilization of LLINs included urban residence [AOR 0.29 (95%CI 0.13 – 0.65)], age group 15-24 years [AOR 0.17 (95%CI 0.04 – 0.70)], registration of pregnancy for antenatal care [AOR 5.12 (95%CI 1.14 – 23.03)] and knowledge on prevention of malaria [AOR 4.94 (95%CI 1.51 – 16.17)]. Conclusion: Pregnant women should visit ANC clinics regularly, and health education on malaria should focus more on the prevention of malaria as well as encouraging the consistent use of the nets, particularly in the urban areas. Keywords: Comparative study, Long Lasting Insecticide Treated Nets, Malaria, Ownership, Pregnant women, Rural, Urban, Utilization.