Role of bioactive molecules and maternal immune cells in breast-milk in type 2 diabetes mellitus risk reduction
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Date
2019
Authors
Yahaya, T. O.
Sifau, M. O.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
A Journal of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Abstract
Inadequate breastfeeding or its total neglect has been mentioned in several studies as a
contributing factor to the global rising incidence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the
anti-diabetic role of breast-milk has not been given much attention. As such, this study was
initiated to review and bring to an update on the role of breastfeeding in the risk reduction of
T2DM. Relevant information on the topic was retrieved from the reliable science databases,
including PubMed, MedLine, Google Scholar, Researchgate, etc. The results showed that breastmilk
is not energy dense and contains several health-enhancing bioactive molecules, including
adipokines, antimicrobial and growth factors, cytokines, nutrients, and immune cells. Adipokines
interact with the central nervous system to modulate certain physiological processes involved in
energy balance, thereby programing an infant to be at a reduced risk for overweight, obesity and
T2DM later in life. The antimicrobial and growth factors as well as immune cells and bioactive
nutrients may stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria and/or inhibit the growth of pathogens.
Thus, strengthen neonate defense mechanisms to effectively prevent infections as well as short and
long-term disorders such as obesity and T2DM. In conclusion, nursing moms are advised to
breastfeed babies adequately before introducing them to complementary foods. To cater for the
need of babies who may not have access to breastfeeding, healthcare providers should formulate
infant formula using breast-milk components as basic constituents.
Description
Keywords
Breast milk; Diabetes mellitus; Immune cell; Maternal
Citation
Yahaya TO, Sifau MO. Role of bioactive molecules and maternal immune cells in breast-milk in type 2 diabetes mellitus risk reduction. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med Univ J. 2019; 12: 00-00.