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    Open Access
    In vitro Control of Oral Thrush Causal Organisms Using Medicinal Plants Extracts
    (Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 2019) EBABHI, A.M.; ADEKUNLE, A.A.; OGHENERHABOKE, Y.I.
    Oral hygiene is important to the generality of the human healthcare system. For this, the antifungal activities of the aqueous and ethanol extracts of four medicinal plants of Jatropha curcas (stem), Eucaluptus golbulus (leaves), Vernonia amygdalina (stem) and Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (root) were carried out in vitro against three species of Candida associated with oral thrush namely C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis using the disc diffusion agar assay. The zones of inhibition varied with the test organisms as well as the extracts. The ethanolic extract of Jatropha curcas showed the highest zone of inhibition of 10.88 ± 0.22 mm against C. albicans while the least zone of inhibition (6.13 ± 0.13 mm) was exhibited by the ethanol extract of Z. zanthoxyloides on C. glabrata. The preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of tannin, saponin, alkaloids, flavonoids and reducing sugar in all plant samples. This study can be further used as a foundation for the screening of phytochemical constituents by pharmaceuticals for the control and eradication of oral thrush.
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    Open Access
    Mycological evaluation of the phylloplane of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp
    (Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management, 2018) BOLARINWA, K.A.; EBABHI, A.M.
    Cowpea a leguminous crop consumed by millions of people in Asia and sub-Sahara Africa often faces pre- and postharvest attack like fungal infection. Twelve cultivars of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp obtained from International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Ibadan, Nigeria were investigated for fungal infection using pour plate technique and eleven fungal isolates were obtained from nine of the cultivars. Pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporium (cultivars IT8ID-994, IT98K-452-1); Alternaria alternata (cultivars IT98k-205-8, TVX3236, IT845-2246- 4); Colletotrichum truncatum (cultivars IT86D-719, Ife brown, (IA4B45)244, IT90k-277-2) and Sclerotium rolfsii (cultivars Ife brown, (IA4B45)244, IT845-2246-4) was confirmed on these nine cultivars of cowpea showing varying percentage of disease occurrence. The incessant attack on cowpea plant both on the field and in storage calls for more research in the area of disease resistant varieties for the ever growing population
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    Open Access
    Distribution of ABO/Rhesus Blood Groups Among Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Positive Patients in Lagos, South-Western, Nigeria.
    (Fudma Journal of Sciences, 2020-09) Oladele, E.O; Yahaya, T; Adewumi, O.O; David, B; Oladipo, A.J
    The study aims to determine the distribution of the ABO/Rhesus Blood Groups among Hepatitis B virus (HBV) positive patients in Lagos State. Copies of structured questionnaires were distributed to 162 HBV patients that visited selected health facilities within 6 months in the city. After obtaining relevant information, whole blood samples were collected from each participant in an EDTA bottle. Thereafter, the ABO blood group types (A, B, AB, and O) as well as Rhesus blood groups were determined using standard protocols. Results showed that 48.1% of the participants had type O blood group, followed by type A (26.5%), type B (24.7%), and type AB (0.6%). Moreover, 94.4% of the participants were Rh+. The study showed that HBV was more prevalent among participants with type O blood group (48.1%) with rhesus positivity of 94.4%, compared to other blood group types. This indicates that type O individuals in the city could be more susceptible to HBV infection. There should be public awareness on the association between ABO/Rh blood groups and the prevalence of HBV infection in the state.
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    Open Access
    Growth Response of Maize (Zea mays) to Metal Toxicity
    (Journal of Natural Science, Engineering and Technology, FUNAAB, 2018) Oladele, E.O.; Yahaya, T; Adewumi, O.O.
    This study evaluated the phytotoxic effects of lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) as Pb(NO3) 2 and Zn(NO3) 2 on maize (Zea mays L) considering the plants’ growth indices, biomass as well as soil parameters and soil microorganisms after treatment. The results showed that plant growth significantly reduced with increasing concentrations (100,150 and 200 mgkg-1 ) of Pb and Zn contamination. The results indicated significant inhibitory effect on the growth parameters (stem height, root length, leaf area, fresh and dry weight) measured, compared to control experiment. This study therefore revealed that the heavy met als have harmful effects on maize’s growth. Consequently, the consumption of such contaminated cereal by man and animals can lead to their death after the metals have biomagnified in their systems. Lead and Zn application in general, affected the vegetative growth; both fresh and dry weights were reduced with increasing concentrations of the metals. These results show that these metals are toxic to human and animal health. As a result, farmers should be encouraged to use water from good source for irrigation and also cultivate on metal-free soils if possible to save lives.
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    Open Access
    27) Oladele E.O, Adewumi,Response of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean L.) and Maize (Zea mays L.) to Heavy Metal Stress
    (ournal of Basic and Applied Sciences. Springer Open; Beni Suef University, Egypt, 2019) Oladele, E.O.; Adewumi, O.O.; Yahaya, T; Taiwo, I.A.
    Background: Plants are usually the target of environmental pollution. This study, therefore, investigates the effects of Zinc (Zn) and lead Pb on Bambara nut (Vigna subterranean) and Maize (Zea mays) at different concentrations, as well as the possible ameliorating effect of the chelant; ethylene diamine acetate (EDTA) and farmyard manure, on the enzymatic activities, the chlorophyll, total protein, and carbohydrate contents. Results: Findings revealed that Pb and Zn increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase, glutathione synthetase (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and catalase levels with increased concentrations from 100 mg/kg to 200 mg/kg significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the control Maize plants. While in Bambara nut, the superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase, glutathione synthetase (GSH), and catalase levels decreased with increased concentrations from 100 mg/kg to 200 mg/kg compared to control except for the malondialdehyde (MDA) which was increased. For Bambara groundnut, with increased Pb concentrations, the chlorophyll content reduced from 2.94 to 2.00 mg/g. However, there was an increase (up to 4.918 mg/g) in the chlorophyll content with increased zinc nitrate concentrations augmented with EDTA at the highest concentration. Maize plants treated with Pb augmented with farmyard manure showed an increase in chlorophyll content with increased concentrations while those assisted with EDTA still experienced a decrease as metal concentrations increased. Bambara groundnut plant had a mean carbohydrate (%) of 14.79 (control), 17.60 (100 mg/kg of Pb concentration) and 11.20 (200 mg/kg of Pb concentration), indicating a decrease in carbohydrate content with increased Pb concentrations. The same trend was observed for the different Zn and Pb concentrations on the mean total proteins and carbohydrates of both test plants. Generally, Pb and Zn induced oxidative stress in treated plants. Conclusions: Elevated activity of anti-oxidative enzymes can assist as important components of antioxidative defense mechanism against oxidative damage. The results of this study could be beneficial in the understanding of the role of the defense system as well as the detoxification mechanism of Vigna subterranean and Zea mays in efficient tolerance and response to Pb and Zn. This signifies that these plants can act as bioindicators in environmental quality assessment.