Education- Scholarly Publications

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Browsing Education- Scholarly Publications by Author "Adewumi, O.O"

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    Open Access
    Diabetogenic Effect of Pregnancy in Sprague-Dawley (SPD) Rats: Potential use as Experimental Model of Human Gestational Diabetes
    (2010) Taiwo, I.A.; Adewumi, O.O; Odunlade, A.K.; Ogunkanmi, L.A.; Odeigah, P.G.C.
    The effect of pregnancy on the pattern of oral glucose tolerance was investigated using Sprague-Dawley (SPD) rats. Adult virgin, timed-pregnant and non-pregnant rats were subjected to brief ether anaesthesia after 18- hour overnight fasting period to allow for oro-gastric administration of glucose load at 3.0g/kg body weight (b. wt.) as 30% solution. Glucose concentration determined from the tail blood shows that the starting glucose concentration of the pregnant rats was 6.9+0.4 mmol/l, a significantly higher (P<0.05) value than 5.8 mmol/l, the starting blood glucose concentration of the non-pregnant animals (Controls). The peak blood glucose level attained at the 60th minute was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the pregnant rats (13.5+0.3 mmol/l) as compared to that of the non- pregnant rats (8.5+0.3 mmol/l). After 120minutes, the blood glucose level of the non-pregnant rats dropped to a near starting level while the corresponding value in the pregnant rats remained comparatively higher (P<0.05). Assessment of the rate of appearance and disappearance of glucose in the blood and the determination of glucose response and glucose tolerance indexes (GRI and GTI) respectively showed that pregnancy caused poor glucose utilization in the rats. The results of this short-term study suggest that pregnancy is largely diabetogenic in Sprague- Dawley (SPD) rats. The diabetogenic effect of pregnancy did not necessitate administration of any other diabetogenic agent such as streptozotocin or fructose. Thus, pregnancy induced diabetes in this strain of rats may have potential value as model of gestational diabetes in human.
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    Open Access
    Distribution of ABO/Rhesus Blood Groups Among Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Positive Patients in Lagos, South-Western, Nigeria.
    (Fudma Journal of Sciences, 2020-09) Oladele, E.O; Yahaya, T; Adewumi, O.O; David, B; Oladipo, A.J
    The study aims to determine the distribution of the ABO/Rhesus Blood Groups among Hepatitis B virus (HBV) positive patients in Lagos State. Copies of structured questionnaires were distributed to 162 HBV patients that visited selected health facilities within 6 months in the city. After obtaining relevant information, whole blood samples were collected from each participant in an EDTA bottle. Thereafter, the ABO blood group types (A, B, AB, and O) as well as Rhesus blood groups were determined using standard protocols. Results showed that 48.1% of the participants had type O blood group, followed by type A (26.5%), type B (24.7%), and type AB (0.6%). Moreover, 94.4% of the participants were Rh+. The study showed that HBV was more prevalent among participants with type O blood group (48.1%) with rhesus positivity of 94.4%, compared to other blood group types. This indicates that type O individuals in the city could be more susceptible to HBV infection. There should be public awareness on the association between ABO/Rh blood groups and the prevalence of HBV infection in the state.
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    Open Access
    Genotoxicity of Momordica charantia Extract in Swiss Albino Mice (Mus musculus)
    (Nigerian Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology (NIJEST), 2019-03) Oladele, E.O; Adewumi, O.O; Taiwo, I.A.
    The study aims at determining the safety of Momordica charantia (Bitter melon) for use by diabetic patient. This study was carried out to ascertain the genotoxic potential of Momordica charantia in mice using the micronucleus assays. A total of forty (40) laboratory albino mice weighing between 20 and 25 grams were obtained from the Zoological garden, University of Lagos. The mice were in eight groups comprising of five animals each. The doses of the extract administered were 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg per body weight and the route of administration was oral by gastric gavages using a metal canula. The control groups A and B were fed with distilled water for 14 and 8 days respectively. The other groups were also treated with a daily dose of the extract for 14 and 28 days at different concentrations. The mutagenic potential of Momordica charantia was assessed with reference to the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) in polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) in the bone marrow of mice. During sacrifice, the bone marrow cells were collected from the femur and smeared on slides. For each mouse, polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) were scored for the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) and the percentage was calculated. The frequencies of MNPCE/PCE were 0.17 ± 0.09% and 0.13 ± 0.02% in the control group for 14 days and 28 days respectively, 0.33 ± 0.12% and 0.30 ± 0.08% in the 50 mg/kg group, 0.38 ± 0.06% and 0.34 ± 0.09% in the 100 mg/kg group, and 0.24 ± 0.08% and 0.35 ± 0.05% in the 150 mg/kg group. The results showed a significantly increased frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes for the three doses administered. The results were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. This indicates a warning signal to careless and indiscriminate use of the drug by humans.
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    Open Access
    Haematological Changes Induced by Municipal Solid Waste in Wild Rats (Rattus rattus)
    (Nigerian Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology (NIJEST), 2018-10) Oladele, E.O; Adewumi, O.O; Taiwo, I.A.
    The effect of the exposure of landfill pollutants on haematology, body and organ weights of Rattus rattus was investigated. The potential hazards of this landfill on the haematology of the exposed rats were investigated. Weights of rats in the control group (232.6g) were significantly higher (p<0.05) than the exposed wild rats (167.6g). The Packed Cell Volume, PCV (%) of rats exposed to landfill pollutants was found to be 32.0 ± 13.9 while that of control rat was 43.4 ± 4.7. Haemoglobin (g/dl) of control rats was observed to be 14.2 ± 1.2 while that of exposed rats was 10.0 ± 4.1. The constituents of the municipal waste especially heavy metals probably aggravated the observed changes in the blood parameters. The experimental results indicated that exposure to landfill pollutants may lead to ill health particularly anaemia. Also, exposure to municipal solid waste landfill may induce haematological alterations in humans as evident in the wild rats studied.
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    Open Access
    Histopathological Effects of Paint Effluent on Swiss Albino Mice (Mus musculus)
    (Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences. Faculty of Physical Sciences and Faculty of Life Sciences, Univ. of Ilorin, Nigeria, 2018) Oladele, E.O; Adewumi, O.O; Yahaya, T; Taiwo, I.A.
    Industrial effluents are seen as the most potential and hazardous waste containing compounds like heavy metals and nutrients that are toxic. In this study, the compositions of effluent from a paint industry were assessed along with its histopathological effects on the Swiss albino mice. The effluent was taken from Golden Key Paints found along Lagos State University (LASU) Road, Akesan, Lagos. Twenty (20) laboratory mice were obtained from Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos. There were four mice (a male and three females) in each group comprising of five groups. Group one was the control group. They were given distilled water, while groups 2 to 5 had 25, 50, 75 and 100 % v/v of the paint effluent, respectively as the single source of water. By the 4th week, the control mice had live birth of 12 young mice (babies) while the mice treated with paint effluent had no birth. It was observed that at least a mouse died in each cage of the treated group. These observations could be attributed to the treatment concentrations. Histopathological examination of the tissues of treated mice showed severe necrosis and fibromatosis colli of the kidney, hepatic necrosis of the liver, lung atrophy, tubular atrophy of the heart, loss of myocardial striation and tissue hyalination due to the concentrations of the effluents. These results express the harmful effects of paint effluent on the treated mice and are sensitive index to changes in ecological conditions. This can serve as a good diagnostic tool in toxicological studies. People are therefore advised to handle paints with care and keep them away from children.
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    Open Access
    Removal of Pb and Zn from Soil using cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and maize (Zea mays) Plants
    (Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management, 2018-03-12) Oladele, E.O; Taiwo, I.A.; Adewumi, O.O; Odeigah, P.G.C.
    This study investigated the potential of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and maize (Zea mays) plants to remove Pb and Zn from soil. The crops were exposed to three concentrations (100, 150 and 200 mgkg-1) of each metal salts during the study. When the plants were treated with lead nitrate at a concentration of 150 mgkg-1, the amount and percentage of Pb removed and accumulated within plants’ tissues were 65.68 m mgkg-1g/kg (44.79%) and 78.93 mgkg-1 (53.0%) for cowpea and maize with bioconcentration factors 0.80 and 0.78 respectively. However, when the plants were assisted they had greater bioconcentration factors. Farmyard manure enhanced metal uptake by cowpea and maize significantly than EDTA. Maize extracted more Pb into its roots and translocated to shoots when assisted with EDTA than cowpea. Maize was able to translocate more Pb while cowpea translocated more Zn through the vascular system, thereby acting as phytoextractors for the different metals respectively.