Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy- Scholarly Publications

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Browsing Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy- Scholarly Publications by Author "Abah, I.O."

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    Open Access
    Adolescents and Young Adults knowledge, adherence and experiences while on antiretroviral therapy in a tertiary hospital in Lagos, Nigeria: a Mixed-Method Study
    (SAGE, 2021) Aderemi-Williams, R.I.; Razaq, A.R.; Abah, I.O.; Opanuga, O.O.; Akanmu, A.S.
    In Nigeria, there is a paucity of data on knowledge and experiences of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with HIV and ART, as well as their challenges maintaining optimal adherence. A mixed-method study was carried out between August and September 2018 among AYAs attending Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Data collection was via AYAs’ hospital records, standardized questionnaires, and in-depth interviews (IDIs). The 4-day ACTG tool was used to measure adherence. Collected data were analyzed descriptively. Assessment of 34 AYAs comprising 18 (52.9%) males with 28 (82.4%) students revealed an overall knowledge score about ART and its effect of 73.6%. Twenty-five (73.5%) had poor knowledge of the development of resistant strains of HIV due to non-adherence recorded. Optimal adherence (≥95%) was recorded in 20 (58.8%) AYAs. IDI produced 4 themes: (i) reasons for non-adherence, (ii) ensuring optimal adherence, (iii) Social support systems and disclosure, and (iv) stigmatization. Our study provided formative data and revealed areas for intervention to improve knowledge and adherence to ART.
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    Open Access
    Comparative incidence of adverse drug reaction during the first and subsequent year of antiretroviral therapy in a Nigerian HIV infected Cohort
    (2021) Abah, I.O.; Dayom, W.D.; Dangiwa, D.A.; Aderemi-Williams, R.I.; Anejo-Okopi, J.; Agbaji, O.O.; Kanki, P.; Aguiyi, J.C.
    Background: Despite close to two decades of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Nigeria, data on late on-onset ART-associated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are sparse. Objectives: To describe early and late-onset ADRs and compare their incidence in an outpatient HIV positive Cohort on ART. Method:We described the incidence of clinical ADRs identified and documented in an outpatient clinic cohort of HIV-pos- itive patients treated between June 2004 and December 2015 at a tertiary health facility in Nigeria. Incidence rates of ADRs during the first and subsequent years of ART were compared. Results: of the 13,983 patients’ data analyzed, 9317 were females (66%), and those in the age bracket of 25 to 45 years made up 78% of the studied population. During 52,411 person-years (py) of ART, 1485 incident ADRs were recorded; Incidence rate (IR) 28.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] 26.9:29.8) ADRs per 1000 person-years (py) of ART. The IR of ADRs was about two times higher in the first year of ART compared to subsequent years of treatment; crude incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.77 (95% CI 1.59:1.97). Anemia, hypersensitivity reactions, and nervous system disorders had 7, 23, and 5 times higher incidence, respectively, in the first year of therapy, compared to subsequent years. Conclusion: The first year of ART is the period of highest risk of ADRs. Individual and programmatic treatment success in resource-limited settings requires strategies for early identification and management of ADR during the period of greatest risk of ADRs.
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    Open Access
    Comparative incidence of adverse drug reactions during the first and subsequent year of antiretroviral therapy in a Nigeria HIV infected cohort
    (African Health Sciences, 2021) Abah, I.O.; Dayom, W.D.; Dangiwa, D.A.; Aderemi-Williams, R.I.; Aguiyi, J.; Anejo-Okopi, J.; Agbaji, O.O.; Kanki, P.; Aguiyi, J.C.
    Background: Despite close to two decades of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Nigeria, data on late on-onset ART-associated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are sparse. Objectives: To describe early and late-onset ADRs and compare their incidence in an outpatient HIV positive Cohort on ART. Method: We described the incidence of clinical ADRs identified and documented in an outpatient clinic cohort of HIV-positive patients treated between June 2004 and December 2015 at a tertiary health facility in Nigeria. Incidence rates of ADRs during the first and subsequent years of ART were compared. Results: of the 13,983 patients’ data analyzed, 9317 were females (66%), and those in the age bracket of 25 to 45 years made up 78% of the studied population. During 52,411 person-years (py) of ART, 1485 incident ADRs were recorded; Incidence rate (IR) 28.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] 26.9:29.8) ADRs per 1000 person-years (py) of ART. The IR of ADRs was about two times higher in the first year of ART compared to subsequent years of treatment; crude incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.77 (95% CI 1.59:1.97). Anemia, hypersensitivity reactions, and nervous system disorders had 7, 23, and 5 times higher incidence, respectively, in the first year of therapy, compared to subsequent years. Conclusion: The first year of ART is the period of highest risk of ADRs. Individual and programmatic treatment success in resource-limited settings requires strategies for early identification and management of ADR during the period of greatest risk of ADRs.
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    Open Access
    Impact of pharmacist-led care on glycaemic control of patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial in Nigeria
    (2021-04) David, E.A.; Soremekun, R.O.; Abah, I.O.; Aderemi-Williams, R.I.
    Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic, degenerative disease, requiring a multi-dimensional, multi-professional care by healthcare providers and substantial self-care by the patients, to achieve treatment goals. Objective: To evaluate the impact of pharmacist-led care on glycaemic control in patients with uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes. Methods: In a parallel group, single-blind randomised controlled study; type 2 diabetic patients, with greater than 7% glycated haemoglobin (A1C) were randomised into intervention and usual care groups and followed for six months. Glycated haemoglobin analyzer, lipid analyzer and blood pressure monitor/apparatus were used to measure patients' laboratory parameters at baseline and six months. Intervention group patients received pharmacist-structured care, made up of patient education and phone calls, in addition to usual care. In an intention to treat analysis, Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare median change at six months in the primary (A1C) and secondary outcome measures. Effect size was computed and proportion of patients that reached target laboratory parameters were compared in both arms. Results: All enrolled participants (108) completed the study, 54 in each arm. Mean age was 51 (SD 11.75) and majority were females (68.5%). Participants in the intervention group had significant reduction in A1C of -0.75%, compared with an increase of 0.15% in the usual care group (p<0.001; eta-square= 0.144). The proportion of those that achieved target A1C of <7% at 6 months in the intervention and usual care group was 42.6% vs 20.8% (p=0.02). Furthermore, intervention patients were about 3 times more likely to have better glucose control; A1C<7% (aOR 2.72, 95% CI: 1.14-6.46) compared to usual care group, adjusted for sex, age, and duration of diabetes. Conclusions: Pharmacist-led care significantly improved glycaemic control in patients with uncontrolled T2DM. Keywords: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin A; Glycemic Control; Intention to Treat Analysis; Nigeria; Patient Education as Topic; Pharmaceutical Services; Pharmacists; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic.
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    Open Access
    Perception of patients accessing out-patient pharmacy on the quality of phamaceutical services in a tertiary health facility in Lagos, Nigeria
    (2016) Aderemi-Williams, R.I.; Musa, P.G.; Soremekun, R.O.; Abah, I.O.; Adeyemi, O.C.
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    Open Access
    Perception of patients accessing out-patient pharmacy on the quality of pharmaceutical services in a tertiary health facility in Lagos, Nigeria
    (Highland Medical Research Journal, 2017) Aderemi-Williams, R.I.; Musa, P.G.; Soremekun, R.O.; Adeyemi, O.C.; Abah, I.O.
    Background: Periodic assessment of Pharmacists' services is beginning to be of necessity in resource constrained settings. This study aimed to provide baseline information of patients' perception and associated factors on different aspects of pharmaceutical services currently provided at the out- patient pharmacy of Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH). Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between August and October 2015 amongst patients accessing services provided in three LUTH out-patient pharmacies. Patients' perception on different aspect of pharmacy services were assessed by a 28-item questionnaire. Factors associated with patients' perception of pharmacy services were evaluated by appropriate non parametric tests. Results: Participants included a total of 428 patients; 54% females (n=231), 54% married (n=229), and a little above onethird in the age bracket of 30-39 years. The median percentage score of overall perception of pharmacy services was 59% [interquartile range (IQR):45%-73%); appearance of the pharmacy and pharmacists, 80% (IQR: 80%-100%); prescription services, 60% (IQR:40%-100%); and counselling and drug information, 58% (IQR:33%-75%). There was no correlation between patients' knowledge of pharmacy profession and perception of pharmacy services (r=0.02, p =0.72).There was significant variation in the patients' perception across different pharmacy service points (p=0.009). Also, more educated patients had lower perception of pharmacy service, while self-employed respondents had high perception of pharmacy services.; Conclusion: Patients' overall perception of pharmacy services was above average. There is need for improvement in the quality of services, especially in the availability of essential drugs at competitive prices and provision of adequate counselling and drug information services to patients.
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    Open Access
    Pharmacists' knowledge, attitude and perception towards prevention and management of diabetes macrovascular complications
    (Highland Medical Research Journal, 2016) David, E.A.; Aderemi-Williams, R.I.; Nasiru, I.Y.; Abah, I.O.
    Background: Diabetes Macrovascular Complications (DMVCs) are reportedly responsible for 65% of deaths among diabetes patients. The possession of appropriate knowledge and attitude/perception towards the prevention and management of DMVCs by healthcare professionals can impact on the care of diabetic patients. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted between December, 2014 and February, 2015, among Pharmacists in Jos metropolis using a self administered questionnaire. Factors associated with Pharmacists' knowledge, attitude and perception regarding prevention and management of DMVCs were assessed. Results: A total of 147 Pharmacists, mostly males (59%), in the age range of 30-39 years (46.3%), and working in the hospital setting (52%) took part in the survey. Overall, 67% of the respondents had adequate general knowledge of diabetes. The knowledge and attitude regarding prevention and management of DMVCs were poor; (22% & 46% respectively). Appropriate attitude/perception towards prevention and management of DMVCs was significantly associated with the knowledge of DMVCs; p =0.004. Males had a higher knowledge of risk factors compared to females (57.5% versus 35.4%, p =0.01), while the knowledge of prevention and management of DMVCs was significantly higher among hospital and community pharmacists compared to those in industry and academic setting (P =0.03). Conclusion: Knowledge and attitude/perception regarding the prevention and management of DMVCs was poor among pharmacists in Jos metropolis. Continuous professional education and training interventions to improve Pharmacists' knowledge and attitude/perception towards prevention and management of DMVCs will equip pharmacists to contribute to improving treatment outcomes of diabetic patients.