Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy- Scholarly Publications

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Browsing Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy- Scholarly Publications by Author "Adeyemi, O.C."

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    Open Access
    A cross-country qualitative study on contraceptive method mix: contraceptive decision making among youth
    (BMC/ Springer Nature, 2021) Ouma, L; Bozkurt, B.; Chanley, J.; Power, C.; Kakonge, R.; Adeyemi, O.C.; Kudekallu, R.J.; Madsen, E.L.
    Background Youth ages 15 to 24, who comprise a large portion of sub-Saharan Africa, face a higher burden of unmet contraceptive needs than adults. Despite increased international and national commitments to improving young people’s access to contraception, significant barriers impede their access to a full range of methods. To further explore these barriers among youth in Kenya, Nigeria, and Uganda, we conducted a qualitative study to capture the challenges that affect contraceptive method decision-making and complicate youth access to the full method mix. Methods To understand factors that impact young people’s contraceptive decision-making process across all three countries, we conducted a total of 35 focus group discussions with 171 youth ages 15 to 24 and 130 in-depth interviews with key stakeholders working in youth family planning. Questionnaires aligned with the High Impact Practices in Family Planning’s elements of adolescent-friendly contraceptive services. Data were coded with MAXQDA and analyzed using a framework for contraceptive decision-making to identify relevant patterns and themes. Results In all three countries, youth reported that condoms are the most commonly sought contraceptive method because they are easiest to access and because youth have limited knowledge of other methods. Youth from diverse settings shared uncertainty and concern about the safety and side effects of many methods other than condoms, complicating their ability to take full advantage of other available methods. While most youth in Kenya, Nigeria, and Uganda reported at least moderate confidence in obtaining the information needed to help choose a method, and only a few youths reported that they are completely unable to access contraceptives, other barriers still present a major deterrent for youth, including cost, inconvenient facility hours and long wait times, and stigma from family, community members, and providers. Conclusions Young people’s ability to fully exercise their method choice remains limited despite the availability of services, leading them to take the path of least resistance. Program implementers and policymakers should consider the diverse and often interconnected barriers that youth face in attempting to enjoy the benefits of a full spectrum of contraceptive methods and design multi-level interventions to mitigate such barriers.
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    Open Access
    Pattern of Adverse Drug Reactions of Anticancer Drugs in Oncology Unit of a Tertiary care Teaching Hospital in South West, Nigeria
    (Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka., 2016) Danbatta, A.; Musa, A.; Adeyemi, O.C.
    The work was aimed at studying the pattern of ADRs due to chemotherapeutic agents with the specific objective to assess the causality, severity and management of these reactions in a tertiary care hospital, South-West Nigeria. This was a retrospective descriptive study. Medical records of patients were studied with patient details, adverse drug reactions (ADR) and medications used to manage the reactions recorded using the designed ADR data collection form. The ADRs were assessed for causality and severity using the Naranjo and Hartwig assessment scales respectively. A total of 433 ADRs were recorded from 170 patients of which 96 (56.47%) were females and 74 (43.53%) were males. The most common cancers encountered were breast (25.30%), colorectal (21.20%), cervical (10.00%) and prostate (10.00%). Nausea/vomiting (21.50%) accounted for the most ADRs followed by alopecia (17.10%). Antimetabolites (28.00%) and platinum compounds (24.00%) were the most implicated drug classes causing ADRs. Naranjo causality assessment scale showed (66.48%) of the reactions to be “possible” and (33.52%) to be “probable” while the Hartwig severity assessment scale revealed the majority of the reactions to be “moderate” (63.50%), followed by “mild” (35.11%) and “severe” (1.39%). Medications commonly prescribed for the management of the reactions were ondansetron, proton pump inhibitors, dexamethasone, chlorpheniramine and metoclopramide. The study revealed a high incidence of ADRs with chemotherapeutic agents. The prevalence of ADRs was considerably high in spite of the use of existing premedications. Most of the ADRs were found not reported using the pharmacovigilance system, leading to underreporting. As such, health caregivers should be educated to look out for such, with emphasis to employ strategies to prevent, minimize and manage ADRs of cytotoxics with peculiar side effects. The knowledge will serve to prevent similar reactions in the future by rational and judicious use of preventive measures to decrease human suffering and economic burden to the patients and society.
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    Open Access
    Perception of patients accessing out-patient pharmacy on the quality of phamaceutical services in a tertiary health facility in Lagos, Nigeria
    (2016) Aderemi-Williams, R.I.; Musa, P.G.; Soremekun, R.O.; Abah, I.O.; Adeyemi, O.C.
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    Open Access
    Perception of patients accessing out-patient pharmacy on the quality of pharmaceutical services in a tertiary health facility in Lagos, Nigeria
    (Highland Medical Research Journal, 2017) Aderemi-Williams, R.I.; Musa, P.G.; Soremekun, R.O.; Adeyemi, O.C.; Abah, I.O.
    Background: Periodic assessment of Pharmacists' services is beginning to be of necessity in resource constrained settings. This study aimed to provide baseline information of patients' perception and associated factors on different aspects of pharmaceutical services currently provided at the out- patient pharmacy of Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH). Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between August and October 2015 amongst patients accessing services provided in three LUTH out-patient pharmacies. Patients' perception on different aspect of pharmacy services were assessed by a 28-item questionnaire. Factors associated with patients' perception of pharmacy services were evaluated by appropriate non parametric tests. Results: Participants included a total of 428 patients; 54% females (n=231), 54% married (n=229), and a little above onethird in the age bracket of 30-39 years. The median percentage score of overall perception of pharmacy services was 59% [interquartile range (IQR):45%-73%); appearance of the pharmacy and pharmacists, 80% (IQR: 80%-100%); prescription services, 60% (IQR:40%-100%); and counselling and drug information, 58% (IQR:33%-75%). There was no correlation between patients' knowledge of pharmacy profession and perception of pharmacy services (r=0.02, p =0.72).There was significant variation in the patients' perception across different pharmacy service points (p=0.009). Also, more educated patients had lower perception of pharmacy service, while self-employed respondents had high perception of pharmacy services.; Conclusion: Patients' overall perception of pharmacy services was above average. There is need for improvement in the quality of services, especially in the availability of essential drugs at competitive prices and provision of adequate counselling and drug information services to patients.
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    Open Access
    Self-Reported Adherence to Antihypertensive Drugs in a Nigerian Population Using the Morrisky Medication Adherence Scale
    (Lagos University Medical Society, 2014) Amadi, C; Adeyemi, O.C.; Joda, A.; Mbakwem, A.; Ajuluchukwu, J.
    Background: Poor adherence to medications is one of the reasons for dismal outcomes in hypertensives. Only about one-third of hypertensives have good BP control, largely caused by poor adherence to medications. Although there are few studies in Nigeria that have studied self-reported medication adherence in hypertensives none was done with a validated instrument. Objective: This study was done to assess self-reported adherence to medication in Nigerian hypertensives using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving adult hypertensives attending the Medical Outpatient Clinics of three District Hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria was carried out between September and October 2012. A standard, structured and self-administered questionnaire containing socio-demographic data and relevant medical history was administered to consenting participants. The outcome measure was the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). Good adherence was defined as an MMAS score of 8. Results: Complete data from 768 respondents were analysed. The mean age of the study population was 57.53 years, with a female preponderance of 69.1%. The mean adherence value on the MMAS-8 instrument was 6.31± 1.56 while the prevalence of good adherence i.e. MMAS-8 score of 8 was 22.8%. Two hundred and twenty-seven (29.6%) of the study population had good BP control (BP<140/90mmHg). Age and to a lesser degree female gender were predictors of adherence. Conclusion: Using the MMAS-8 instrument adherence level to antihypertensives is lower than previously reported and control of BP is still poor. Effective communication with patients is advocated to improve adherence.
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    Open Access
    A Survey of Antibiotic use in Respiratory Tract Infections in a Community in Zaria, Kaduna State
    (West African Postgraduate College of Pharmacy, 2013) Olurishe, T.O.; Olurishe, C.O.; Adeyemi, O.C.
    Background: Appropriate use of antibacterial drugs is important to effect a cure in infections and to forestall resistance development. Objectives: This study was undertaken to assess the use of antibiotics for respiratory tract infections (RTI) among respondents in a community in Zaria, Nigeria.

    Methods: Random sampling of individuals within Zaria was done, and consenting participants were recruited. A total of 440 participated in the study. A forty-two item questionnaire was self-administered to the majority of the respondents who were literate while those that were not literate were assisted in filling out copies of their questionnaire.

    Results: Over 90% of the study population was between 12-50 years, of which 60.6% reportedly had an RTI in the previous six months. Females were more likely to have an RTI (p<0.05 Chi-square) while living conditions did not affect the development of RTIs. About 40% of respondents had laboratory investigations before antibiotic therapy. Total and partial affordability was reported by 72% and 18.9% of respondents respectively, with only about 20% obtaining their drug from the hospital. However, only about 50% were counselled about their medication. While the majority of respondents obtained their antibiotics from community pharmacies, about 40% of patients were not asked about previous medication for a recent infection.

    Conclusions: This study shows that rational antibiotic use is not fully practised, with large numbers of patients receiving empirical therapy. Improvement in counselling and discouragement of patronage of nonapproved drug outlets will improve antibiotic utilization. Studies into the factors responsible for increased female risk for RTI are advocated.