Department Of Botany

Permanent URI for this community

https://ir.unilag.edu.ng/handle/123456789/3368
Botany was one of the foundation departments of the Faculty of Science at inception in 1964 (the first Vice-Chancellor, Prof Eni Njoku, being a reputable Botanist of international stature) when the faculty was composed of the School of Biological Sciences and the School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

Browse

Browsing Department Of Botany by Author "Adekunle, A. A."

Now showing 1 - 10 of 10
  • Item
    Open Access
    Antifungal properties of the crude extract of Bauhinia thonningii Schum. (Caesalpiniaceae) and Sarcocephalus esculentus Afzel. (Rubiaceae) from a Tropical Forest in Nigeria
    (National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, 2005) Adekunle, A. A.; Lawal, A. K.; Keshinro, O. R.
    Texts attached
  • Item
    Open Access
    An Appraisal of the Contributions of Herbalism to Primary Health Care Delivery in South West Nigeria
    (Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2010) Kadiri, A. B.; Adekunle, A. A.; Ayodele, A. E.
    Herbalism contributes significantly to the primary health care delivery system in the southwest Nigeria through sale and administration of different herbal medicinal preparations which are available in a number of ways like tinctures, herbal wine and elixirs, tisanes, decoctions, macerates, topical, poultices, whole herb consumption, syrup, extracts, inhalation, local rings, incision and rubbing, charm belt, and other charm apparels. Medicines may be hawked by the ambulatory vendors (apothecary) or patients consulting practitioners. Charges are relatively cheap, consultation is prompt and the medicines are reportedly efficacious. Non-exclusion of anybody from patronizing and being organized around people’s needs and expectations, which are two of the key elements of WHO to achieve the ultimate goal of primary health care of better health for all are affectively entrenched in the practice. We adopted and employed basic scientific method, anthropological training skills and study approaches in Humanities to elicit our findings. Government support is highly solicited
  • Item
    Open Access
    Biodegradation of crude petroleum and petroleum products by fungi isolated from two oil seeds (melon and soybean)
    (Academy of Environmental Biology, 2005) Adekunle, A. A.; Oluyode, T. F.
    Texts attached
  • Item
    Open Access
    Biodegradation of Petroleum Products Using Phylloplane Fungi Isolated From Selected Plants.
    (University of Lagos., 2015) Adeogun, O. O.; Adekunle, A. A.
    Petroleum Products degrading fungi were isolated from leaves surfaces of selected plants: Alcornea cordifolia, Lantana camara, Mangnifera indica, Manihot esculenta, and Panicum maximum. An assessment of the relative ability of each fungus to degrade crude oil, diesel, kerosene, spent engine oil and unspent engine oil on minimal salt solution was done using the change in optical density read on a spectrophometre and gas chromatographic analyses. Eight fungi were isolated from monthly sampling of the selected plant leaves for a period of six months: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus wentii, Collectotricum sp., Mortierella sp., Penicillium sp. and Trichoderma sp. and the degrading ability of the fungi were observed after 40 days of incubation. All the fungi used in this study were found capable of biodegrading petroleum hydrocarbons, though at different rates. Collectotricum sp. and Penicillium sp. had the highest degrading ability in kerosene while A. wentii had the least ability to degrade kerosene. In degradation of diesel, A. flavus had the highest degrading ability while A. wentii had the least ability to degrade. In unspent engine oil, Mortierella sp. had the highest degrading ability while A. wentii had the least ability to degrade. In spent engine oil, A. fumigatus and A. niger had the highest degrading abilities while Penicillium sp. had the least ability to degrade. In crude oil, A. flavus had the highest degrading ability while Penicillium sp., Collectotricum sp. and Mortierella sp. had the least abilities to degrade. The gas chromatographic (GC) analyses showed that Collectotricum sp. degraded kerosene and Mortierella sp. degraded unspent engine oil after 40 days of incubation.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Degradation Potential of some Hydrocarbon Compounds of Petroleum and Plant Origin by Aspergillus Oryzae (JQ675305.1)
    (Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Delta State, Nigeria., 2019) Sanyaolu, A. A.; Adekunle, A. A.; Osuntoki, A.
    A good way of restoring an environment polluted with hydrocarbon is the application of methods that exploit the metabolic activity of microorganisms. Twenty five isolates of known fungi from three species of the genus Aspergillus isolated from five different soil environments and necrotic seeds of Irvingia gabonensis from four open markets in Lagos, Nigeria were studied for their ability to degrade hydrocarbons of petroleum and plant origin. These fungi were screened (in a preliminary test) for ability to grow under crude oil fume. Thereafter, using the Gas Chromatography technique, the fungal isolate adjudged to have performed best in the preliminary screening was evaluated for its ability to degrade 5 different petroleum hydrocarbon compounds and one vegetable hydrocarbon compound by measuring Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) and Free Fatty Acid (FFA) profile respectively. Results from the preliminary screening showed that Aspergillus oryzae (from necrotic seeds of I. gabonensis) thrived best under crude oil fume. Also, results from the degradation studies showed a reduction in the Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) in each of the petroleum based oil and a change in the fatty acid levels in the oil from I.gabonensis seed. This confirms the ability of this fungus to degrade petroleum and vegetable hydrocarbon compounds. This work has thus contributed to literature on the identity and sources of some fungi that are capable of causing disease on I. gabonensis seed and the attendant deterioration in its FFA as well as having the potential for remediating a petroleum hydrocarbon contamination. This work is probably a first report at comparing the efficiency of A. oryzae from an oilseed at utilizing petroleum and vegetable hydrocarbon compounds.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Effect of Macrophomina phaseolina, organic manure and spent engine oil on Luffa aegyptica (Mill)
    (Bayero University, Kano, 2018) Ani, E.; Adekunle, A. A.; Kadiri, A. B.; Njoku, K. L.
    There is an increasing environmental concern over improper disposal of spent engine oil (SEO) from serviced engines. These concerns are the results of increasing pollution of the environment by SEO with its negative consequences on plants and other forms of life. The present study assessed the effect of Macrophomina phaseolina and nutritional amendment on Luffa aegyptiaca grown on spent engine oil polluted soil in a screen house. The effect of SEO and nutritional amendment on L. aegyptiaca was assessed on germination, plant height, leaf area, stem girt and number of leaves. Two concentrations of SEO (100 and 200ml) in four kilogram of soil were used in four replications each. Results show that SEO adversely affected the germination and growth of L aegyptiaca as delayed germination, reduction in heights, leaf area and number of leaves were observed in the crop planted in SEO polluted soil. Germination (emergence) of L. aegyptiaca seeds planted in SEO polluted soil began after four days compared to two days for plants in untreated soil. Germination efficiency for seeds planted in unpolluted soil was up to 100% but reduced to 20% when the soil was polluted with SEO. However, nutritional amendment and M. phaseolina increased seed germination in SEO polluted soil from 20% to 60%. Nutritional amendment and M. phaseolina were thus shown to enhance the germination and growth of L. aegyptiaca in SEOpolluted soil.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Effect of three botanicals on phyllachora bonariensis causing tar leaf spot disease in Panicum maximum leaf
    (The Egypt ian Society of Experimental Biology, 2016) Kanife, U. C.; Adekunle, A. A.; Ebabhi, A. M.; Adeogun, O. O.
    Biocontrol methods have become a common practice in horticulture and crop husbandry due to the attendant negative impact of fungicides and other chemical agents in the soil, vegetation and environment. Most fungicides accumulate in plant tissues and subsequently trigger toxic effects in animals. The efficacy of Moringa oleifera seed oil (2.5,5,10,15, and 20%) and leave extracts of Vernonia amygdalina and Azadirachta indica (25,50,100,150, and 200 mg/ml ) on tar leaf spot fungus Phyl lachora bonar iensis were studied invi tro on cul ture media. Al l the botanicals showed activi ty and concentrationdependent growth inhibi tion against the tar spot fungus wi th percentage range from 69-100% at var ious concentrations. The tar spot pathogen was more sensi tive to M. olei fera seed oi l than leave extracts of Vernonia amygdal ina and Azadi rachta indica. Also the botanicals reduced the growth of Phyl lachora bonar iensis at lower concentration range of 25-200 mg/ml more than the benlate (standard fungicide) at 1000 mg/100 ml . These botanicals can thus be recommended as potent bio- fungicides since they are environmentally friendly and have potential for control of Phylachora bonariensis.
  • Item
    Open Access
    The effects of post-harvest mycodeterioration on the proximate composition of Irvingia gabonensis seeds.
    (Knowledgia Review, Malaysia., 2014) Sanyaolu, A. A.; Adekunle, A. A.; Osuntoki, A.
    Postharvest losses of produce occasioned by microorganisms can be either in quantitative or qualitative terms. Both way, and on a global scale, fungal pathogens have been indicted as one of the most important agents responsible for postharvest losses of crops. Fungi associated with diseased Irvingia gabonensis (Baill) seeds were isolated bimonthly from these seeds from four open markets in the Lagos metropolis over a two year period. In terms of number and species abundance, Alayabiagba Market in Ajegunle area had the highest fungal occurrence while Aspergillus niger had a higher percentage occurrence from each, and all of the experimental sites combined. Visually healthy seeds of Irvingia gabonensis were also inoculated with one of the pathogenic fungal species (Aspergillus oryzae) isolated from the diseased seeds and left for between 8-10 days after. Both the visually healthy and Aspergillus oryzae infected (diseased) seeds of Irvingia gabonenesis were subjected to a proximate analysis, considering nutrients such as moisture, fats, ash, protein, crude fibre, carbohydrate and energy. The results from this mycodeterioration studies showed that the Aspergillus oryzae caused some significant reduction in the amount of most of the nutritional parameters in the Irvingia gabonensis seed. This work is probably a first report on pathogenic fungal species associated with the diseased seeds of Irvingia gabonensis in the open market as well as the effect of one of these species on the proximate composition of this seed.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Identification of some human pathogenic fungi using four DNA extraction methods
    (University of Port-Harcourt, 2017) Samuel, T. O.; Ebabhi, A. M.; Adekunle, A. A.
    Dermatophytes being animal and human pathogenic fungi infect some human at one point or the other in their lifetime. For effective control of dermatophytes, accurate identification of the specific species/strain involved must be known. Stocks from pathogenic fungi isolated from infected areas on different patients, around Lagos-Nigeria were analysed using molecular methods (DNA extraction, PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing). Four DNA extraction protocols were employed in the identification of the fungal isolates. Sixteen different fungal isolates were identified, and based on the molecular data these were classified into six species of dermatophytes belonging to the genera Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermaphyton, two species of systemic mycoses fungi and eight opportunistic human pathogenic fungi. The results also revealed that CTAB protocol, Modified CTAB protocol and the GNOME kit used in this work were only able to extract non-dermatophytes DNA. Only the Zymo DNA kit was able to isolate dermatophytes DNA. DNA extraction which is the first step in all molecular studies showed that one DNA extraction method might not be able to extract all fungal DNA for proper identification, diagnosis and treatment
  • Item
    Open Access
    Prevalence of dermatomycoses in tertiary health institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria
    (Academic Journals, 2013) Samuel, T. O.; Adekunle, A. A.; Ogundipe, O.T.
    Studies on dermatophytes isolated from patients in tertiary health institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria were carried out between August, 2009 and January, 2011. Collection, isolation, characterization and identification of the isolated fungi were achieved using both conventional laboratory methods (in vitro culture and microscopy) and molecular techniques (Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction, Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequencing). Twenty- one different isolates were obtained, in which into ten species and two strains belong to the dermatophytic group, two species of systemic mycoses agents and seven opportunistic mycoses agents. The adult emerge with the highest percentage of occurrence of dermatomycoses (82.32%) among the different age groups encountered in the study. There was significantly higher prevalence of dermatomycoses in female (53.81%) than in male (46.18%). Also, body infection was the most frequent (49.4%) while face infection (3.6%) had the least frequency in the studied areas.