Estate Management - Scholarly Publications

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    Open Access
    Mobilizing Local Government Authorities Towards Effective Housing Delivery in Nigeria
    (Lagos Urban Environment- Faculty of Environmental Sciences. Lagos-Nigeria, 1995-10) Nubi, T.G.
    The situation of housing shortage is critical in Nigeria. Indeed, it is daily becoming increasing difficult for the average Nigerians to own their own houses or procure decent accommodation at reasonable rent in the market. The National Housing Policy (NHP) in 1991 stated in clear terms, the institutional frame work needed for effective housing delivery in the country. It also saddled the Local Government Authorities with definite rules which are prerequisites for success in the housing sector. Unfortunately many local government authorities claimed ignorant of the policy while those that show some awareness could not implement the policy due to the enormity of difficulties confronting them. This prompted this study on mobilizing the local government authorities towards effective housing delivery. For this study, relevant literatures on Local Government Housing in developing countries were reviewed; primary and secondary data were also collected from field surveys and past research works. Local Government Authorities in Lagos State were used as a case study, due to their unique situation of acute housing shortage, and their exhibition of urban and rural attributes. The study revealed that the past policies have failed and the NHP promulgation faces challenges that makes housing for all by the 21st century a day dream as the impacts of the housing shortages are biting harder than before. The paper established that Local Government Authorities being the nearest to the people, are most appropriate organs for housing production and distribution. They should he equipped with necessary human and material resources to do same. The rise and fall of primary mortgage institutions and State Housing Corporations going commercial attest to the fact that a more radical, but people oriented approach towards housing delivery, which Local Government offered should be exploited.
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    Open Access
    Characteristics and Consequences of Street Trading in Lagos Metropolitan Area.
    (African Environmental Research Series, Department of Geography, University of Lagos, Nigeria., 2000-12) Nubi, T.G.
    The Paper examined the characteristics and uniqueness of street trading in Lagos. Rather than taking the traditional position of perceiving street traders as social outcast, the paper examined street trading as a survival strategy for the urban poor. The paper discussed the possible reasons for this antisocial behavior..
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    Open Access
    Construction Procurement: Need For Paradigm Shift
    (Building Quaterly, AKIDIVES Ltd., 2001-06) Nubi, T.G.
    The paper commenced by enumerating the importance of construction company to the National economy. It argued that, such an all-important sector should be dynamic enough to accommodate the rhythm of change in the world economy which is almost a big-village. The paper went further to determine that, traditional method of construction procurement dominates the industry with its attendant problems.
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    Open Access
    Construction Cycle: The Nigerian Experience
    (The Nigerian Institute of Building (NIOB). Nigeria, The Professional Builder, Ikeja-Lagos., 2001-07) Adegbile, M.O.B.; Dada, M.O.; Iyagba, R.R.; Nubi, T.O.
    This paper researched into the Nigerian construction industry, over a fifteen year period (1990-1999). In general, the environment of the construction industry from independence has been highlighted. Construction capacity, outputs and cycles were discussed, factors affecting them were explained. A specific analysis of the performance of the quoted construction company over a ten (10) year period was done. It is the opinion of the authors of this paper as well as some others, that, quoted companies though small in numbers take a lion share of the construction activities going on in the country, especially, that which was initiated by the public sector.
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    Open Access
    Construction Cycle: The Nigerian Experience
    (The Professional Builder: Journal of the Nigerian Institute of Building, 2001-07) Adegbemile, M.O.B.; Dada, M.O.; Iyagba, R.R.; Nubi, T.G.
    Texts attached
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    Open Access
    Housing Productions Through Sites and Service Schemes: An Appraisal of Federal Schemes in Isheri-Olofin & Abesan Areas of Metropolis, Lagos.
    (The Lagos Journal of Environmental Studies. Faculty of Environmental Science, University of Lagos. Lagos-Nigeria., 2001-10) Nubi, T.G.
    Texts attached
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    Open Access
    Flying with One Wing: Dilemma of Mortgage Banking in Nigeria with a Secondary Market
    (The Quantity Surveyor. Journal of the Nigerian Institute of Quantity Surveyors, Victoria Island, Lagos., 2002-01) Nubi, T.G.
    Texts attached
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    Open Access
    Local Government, Laws, Estate Management and Development: The Lagos Experience.
    (Journal of the Nigerian Institute of Town Planners. Falomo-Lagos., 2002-10) Nubi, T.G.
    Full texts attached
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    Open Access
    Land Use Charge Law 2001 of Lagos State: An Overview and the Need for Property Tax Reform in Nigeria
    (The Lagos Journal of Environmental Studies. Faculty of Environmental Science, University of Lagos. Lagos-Nigeria., 2002-10) Nubi, T.G.
    Property tax is a veritable source of urban finance when properly administered Poor administration can impose a burden on payers and lead to distortion in property market. The paper traced the history of property tax in Nigeria, and its colossal failure. Though there are well-defined regulations yet tax avoidance is high making it a very weak source of government revenue for urban management. Land Use Charge Edict al 2000 was promulgated to re-engineer the existing system but done in the most unprofessional and haphazard manner that made it the second most controversial law after the Land list, Decree of 1978. The paper assessed the various provisions and the effect on business, mortgage, investment and the common people. The paper posited that the edict is a pointer to urgent need for property tax reform in Nigeria.
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    Open Access
    Local Government, Laws, Estate Management and Development: The Lagos Experience
    (Journal of the Nigerian Institute of Town Planners. Falomo-Lagos., 2002-10) Nubi, T.G.
    Local Government in Nigeria today, under the Federal system, is the third tier of government and therefore represents part of the framework of administrative authorities. As organs of government that had experienced a lot of setbacks in the past, they are saturated with problems among which are the management of their physical environmental. This has resulted into environmental degradation, urban sprawl, water and transportation and other social problems. This paper examines the management of Local Government within the context of prevailing laws of Nigeria. Existing laws were reviewed, and physical environmental data were collected from survey of selected local government areas in Lagos State. The paper shows that Local Government, management, culture and weak economic base caused by prolong state dominance, poor administration and staffing structure. The paper recommends among other things the need for total re-engineering and empowerment of Local Government to ensure efficient utilization of their resources.
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    Open Access
    Financing Low-Income Housing in Nigeria: Need for Paradigm Shift
    (Proceedings of National Conference: Faculty of Environmental Design and Management, Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU), Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria., 2002-10-09) Nubi, T.G.
    Thomas Jefferson, American President in 1785 wrote " The small Landholders are the most precious part of a state. To the American founding fathers, the combination of property and liberty was clear. Jefferson's vision was widespread ownership through the society. However, widespread home ownership cannot be achieved without robust housing finance built on mortgage finance institutions. The paper recommends that, a model which will integrate the informal finance system into the formal finance system should be used in Nigeria.
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    Open Access
    Procuring, Managing and Financing Urban Infrastructure: Towards An Integrated Approach
    (Department of Estate Management, University of Lagos-Nigeria, 2003) Nubi, T.G.
    The urban population of the developing world more than doubled in the past 20 years; it is now 1.7 billion. This explosive rate of growth has no parallel in human history. The most striking evidence of urban growth is the mushrooming of large cities in the developing nations. Most of them tripled in size between 1950 and 1990. In many cases, the increase was no less than 20-fold in several countries of Africa. Most urban growth in the developing world occurred in settlements where investment in services — roads, water and sanitation, drainage, garbage collection — is negligible or non-existent. The proportion of urban poor in these cities is between 30 and 60 per cent. At least, half of the urban population in these countries lives today. In life-threatening houses and neighbor- hoods; they live in slums and shantytowns. Surrounded by ' filth and squalor, they are prey to endemic diseases such as diarrhea, dysentery and typhoid. A sizeable percentage of them has no access to adequate health care.
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    Open Access
    Housing Production As a Panacea to Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria
    (Common Wealth Association of Surveying and Land Economy., 2004-04-24) Nubi, T.G.
    Housing has been acknowledged as the engine of economic growth because of its inherent investment opportunities and the multipliers effect. Unfortunately, Nigeria never explored these opportunities. Past neglects has resulted in a deficit of 8 million housing units, while poverty alleviation measures are merely propaganda. The paper examined the increasing indices and past poverty alleviation measures vis-à-vis housing. Conclusion was drawn with recommendations that toolkits inherent in housing for poverty alleviation.
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    Open Access
    The Challenge of Globalization for Property Valuation Profession in Nigeria. A chapter in Globalization Culture and the Nigerian Built
    (Published by Department of Estate Management, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, 2005-11) Babawale, G. K.
    Driven by the combined forces of technological advancement, economic liberation, and democracy, globalization in the 21st century has forced more on the integration of national economies with the aim of creating a more coherent global economy. While the process may suit the more advanced economies; it is doubtful whether the same can be said of the developing economies. Unfortunately, developing countries can ill afford a strategy of containment and isolationism. This paper examines the challenges posed by globalization to the property valuation profession in Nigeria. It particularly examines the preparedness of valuation profession in Nigerian to take full advantage of the cross – border movement of professional valuation expertise that globalization creates. The study noted that neither the existing property market structure nor the level of expertise in professional valuation discipline is capable of matching the demands of globalization and the challenges it poses. The paper therefore suggests improvement on the existing property market infrastructures and property valuation expertise in the country if Nigerian valuers hope to participate gainfully in the emerging global market.
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    Open Access
    Real Estate Valuation Practice in Nigeria: Implications in a Globalizing World. A chapter in The Built Environment, Innovation Policy and Sustainable Development
    (Published by College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, 2006-06) Babawale, G. K.
    This paper is based on empirical studies involving 179 real estate valuers working in 179 estate surveying firms in Lagos. The study examines the current state of valuation profession in Nigeria in the light of emerging global trends. It particularly examines aspects of the Nigerian practice such as property market structure and infrastructure; qualification, experience and skill of valuers; size, structure, and sophistication of practicing firms; valuation standards and practice: scope and effectiveness of regulatory framework, among other. Current practice and perceptions in Nigeria are compared with what is obtained in more developed economies especially Britain after which the Nigeria valuation practice is patterned. The paper concludes that though there may presently be myriads of institutional and economic factors inhibiting the development of adequate property market infrastructure and valuation practice of international standard great potentials abound. Solutions that promote best practice are suggested.
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    Open Access
    Secondary Mortgage Market in Nigeria: The Old is Dead; Is the New Ready to be Born?
    (Department of Estate Management, University of Lagos-Nigeria, 2007) Nubi, T.G.
    There are calls for the establishment of secondary mortgage market (SMM) in Nigeria based on its inherent advantages. But can the concept of SMM be adopted or adapted? Do we have the structural, institutional and economical framework in place to sustain it? Is it possible to link the informal sector that accounts for about 80 per cent of the nation's housing stock into SMM? The history of housing finance development in Nigeria has not been a smooth one. While South Africa, in less than five years, has built about 1.5 million units of houses, mortgage in Nigeria is built on papers and in talkshops. From Africa Building Societies to Federal Mortgage Bank to the "reformed" FMBN acting as apex institution in 1991, the result was the same. The FMBN today is simply warming up to assume the position of the only secondary mortgage market in Nigeria (Taminu 2003). Experience all over the world shows that SMM evolved where there are functional primary market (Porteous 2000). With this masquerading game, are we not going to be discussing issues, constraints and prospects of the SMM come 2015?
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    Open Access
    The Roles of Community – Based Organizations and Non – Governmental Organizations in Housing the Urban Poor
    (Published by Department of Estate Management, University of Lagos, 2007-02) Babawale, G. K.
    Providing better and affordable housing for the poor has been a global challenge for some time now and is likely to remain so for a long time to come giving the rampant urban poverty and deteriorating housing condition of increasing number of urban dwellers. The Global Strategy for Shelter estimated in 1995 that half of the population of developing countries (about 1.5 billion then) live under inadequate shelter condition and are concentrated mainly in urban areas. Factor contributing to the degenerating housing conditions of the urban poor include high cost of land and building materials, inefficient land market, ignorance on the part of the poor and poor access to finance from the formal finance systems. To mitigate the effects of weak public agencies, the negative effects of government macro-economic policies on the poor and vulnerable groups, and the failure of the formal financial systems to provide finance to the poor, informal financial systems are mushrooming in several countries to satisfy the financial needs of the poor to enable them have access to land and services and to build their own houses gradually over time. This paper reviews current condition of housing for the urban poor, identifies the constraints and opportunities; and drawing on international lessons and experience, proposes how the development, initiatives of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and community-based organisations (CBOs) can be mobilised to cater for the housing needs of the Nigerian urban poor. It is expected that the paper will provide a basis for further investigation into an efficient and strong informal mechanisms for financing housing for the poor in Nigerian cities.
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    Open Access
    Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE) As A Tool for Quality Assessment of Housing in Nigeria: Case-Study of Selected LSDPC Estates.
    (The Quantity Surveyor- (NIQS) Journal. Victor Akan House, Lagos-Nigeria., 2007-07) Nubi, T.G.; Adegbemile, T.
    Prior to 2004, Federal and state governments have played a major role in the supply of social housing in Nigeria. With their emphasis always on low cost, quality of these houses was never a consideration. A drive through some of the estate will reveal their poor state. The National Housing Policies of 1991 and 2004 stated categorically that government would no longer be directly involved in housing production. Most of these institutions like Lagos State Development and Property Corporation (LSDPC) transformed into commercial ventures to compete with private developers. Their business as usual attitude has resulted into low productivity and sales in the midst of huge demand. The study was therefore set to evaluate the quality of four existing estates of LSDPC in Lagos. With stratified random sampling Data were collected from selected household and analyzed using simple statistical tools. Major findings include high rate of users dissatisfaction with their housing quality. Majority of the users have modified their houses mostly in a manner that make the quality poorer. As a major supplier of housing in Lagos, LSDPC is encouraged to embark upon regular maintenance, carry out POE often, form Housing Association in these estates and empower them for day to day management of the Estates.
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    Open Access
    The Roles of Primary Mortgage Institutions in Housing Delivery
    (Housing Finance International- The Quarterly Journal of the International Union for Housing Finance. Kingsway-London., 2007-09) Omirin, M.M.; Nubi, T.G.
    It can be safely said that serious efforts to reform the housing sector began in the late eighties with the establishment of the National Housing Fund through Decree No 53 of 1989 and the subsequent announcement of a national housing policy in 1991. Since then there have been series of reforms aimed at encouraging private sector driven housing production and home ownership as a preferred tenure type among the teeming urban population. The aim of this paper is to highlight the role of Primary Mortgage Institutions (PM Is) in housing provision bah in terms of expectations and with respect to their achievements so far. Peculiar problems are highlighted and suggestions made for improvements where appropriate.
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    Open Access
    Increasing Mortgage Finance Efficiency in Nigeria
    (Bullion Publication of the Central Bank of Nigeria, 2007-10) Nubi, T.G.
    Absence of a mortgage financing mechanism has been widely reported to be one of the most telling indices of underdevelopment. The huge capital outlay involved makes housing the largest form of investment decision by most family making credit inevitable for its procurement. Several efforts had been made in Nigeria to build a sustainable mortgage finance system but there are very few results to show for the efforts. This paper is a comprehensive appraisal of the primary mortgage banks in Nigeria. The survey covers the operating primary Mortgage Institutions (PMI) Lagos and Abuja. The result revealed that the PMIs are undercapitalized and unbundled. Absence of secondary mortgage and mortgage insurance together with poor operation that relies heavily on manual and not taking advantage of IT. It was recommended that PMI should be recapitalized, mortgage insurance introduced, and mortgage finance unbundled while the deposit money banks be encouraged to invest in mortgage.