Faculty of Environmental Sciences

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    Open Access
    Mobilizing Local Government Authorities Towards Effective Housing Delivery in Nigeria
    (Lagos Urban Environment- Faculty of Environmental Sciences. Lagos-Nigeria, 1995-10) Nubi, T.G.
    The situation of housing shortage is critical in Nigeria. Indeed, it is daily becoming increasing difficult for the average Nigerians to own their own houses or procure decent accommodation at reasonable rent in the market. The National Housing Policy (NHP) in 1991 stated in clear terms, the institutional frame work needed for effective housing delivery in the country. It also saddled the Local Government Authorities with definite rules which are prerequisites for success in the housing sector. Unfortunately many local government authorities claimed ignorant of the policy while those that show some awareness could not implement the policy due to the enormity of difficulties confronting them. This prompted this study on mobilizing the local government authorities towards effective housing delivery. For this study, relevant literatures on Local Government Housing in developing countries were reviewed; primary and secondary data were also collected from field surveys and past research works. Local Government Authorities in Lagos State were used as a case study, due to their unique situation of acute housing shortage, and their exhibition of urban and rural attributes. The study revealed that the past policies have failed and the NHP promulgation faces challenges that makes housing for all by the 21st century a day dream as the impacts of the housing shortages are biting harder than before. The paper established that Local Government Authorities being the nearest to the people, are most appropriate organs for housing production and distribution. They should he equipped with necessary human and material resources to do same. The rise and fall of primary mortgage institutions and State Housing Corporations going commercial attest to the fact that a more radical, but people oriented approach towards housing delivery, which Local Government offered should be exploited.
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    Open Access
    Urban landscape planning experience in Nigeria
    (1998) Oduwaye, A.O
    Nigeria, a nation with a population of more than 88 million has about 30% of its population living in urban areas. This proportion of the population in urban settlements has great implication on land-use planning and environmental quality. This is where it is desirable to examine the level of urban landscape planning in the country as this can give us an insight into the degree of land-use coordination and environmental quality in different parts of the country. The execution of landscape planning is under physical planning sectors of the various government agencies. This makes it unclear to identify the agencies responsible for landscape planning. The consequence of this is that there is no comprehensive approach to landscape planning. What is now being experienced is a piece-meal approach, under the supervision of landscape-related professionals such as architects, town planners, horticulturists, and engineers, amongst others. Also, the existing situation leads to con¯icting policies and implementation procedure. This paper discusses the conceptual framework for landscape studies, drawing conclusions to justify the method adopted in the study of urban landscape planning experience in Nigeria. There are also specific socio-economic, political, legal and administrative constraints facing landscape planning in the country. Nigerian landscape planning development history can be categorized into three periods, namely ± pre-colonial period dating before 1854, colonial period from 1854 to 1960 and the post-colonial period, from 1960 to the present time. Each of these periods has its distinct features though the first two fused together to produce a newly emerging Nigerian landscape development even though with greater colonial in¯uence. The paper also discusses the role of different levels of government, non-governmental organisations and individuals during these periods. It, however, makes suggestions on the need to encourage citizen participation, particularly the poor majority and the need for appropriate manpower. The problem of religion and culture are examined as these are major constraints outside the government machinery to formal landscape development in the country.
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    Open Access
    Constitutionalism & democrartic consolidation (Nigeria): a conceptual framework
    (Academic Staff Union of Universities, UNILAG Branch, Akoka., 1999) Onyekpe, J.G.N.
    For the development and progress of the therefore- calls for a new constitution. Nigerian State and society, there -is an making process that would-ensure that: urgent need to resolve all outstanding (1) all interest groups are involved; (2) a disproportions and contradictions in the new valufl system focussed on the people system Until the inauguration ofthe present and society as a whole is developed; and administration in May 1999, the political ad- (3) a constitutional government based on ministration and governance ofNigeria had separation ofpower, rule of law and due been dominated by the Armed Forces. The process is entrenched society was thus a victim of the rigid command structure and aulhoritarian value.
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    Open Access
    Characteristics and Consequences of Street Trading in Lagos Metropolitan Area.
    (African Environmental Research Series, Department of Geography, University of Lagos, Nigeria., 2000-12) Nubi, T.G.
    The Paper examined the characteristics and uniqueness of street trading in Lagos. Rather than taking the traditional position of perceiving street traders as social outcast, the paper examined street trading as a survival strategy for the urban poor. The paper discussed the possible reasons for this antisocial behavior..
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    Open Access
    Construction Procurement: Need For Paradigm Shift
    (Building Quaterly, AKIDIVES Ltd., 2001-06) Nubi, T.G.
    The paper commenced by enumerating the importance of construction company to the National economy. It argued that, such an all-important sector should be dynamic enough to accommodate the rhythm of change in the world economy which is almost a big-village. The paper went further to determine that, traditional method of construction procurement dominates the industry with its attendant problems.
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    Open Access
    State Parks: Potential for Domestic Ecotourism Industry
    (Lagos State Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperation, 2001-06-01) Adejumo, O. T.
    On global scale tourism is the leading export earner. The World Tourism Organization statistics revealed that international arrival for the year 2000 was 653 million people. This excludes arrival for domestic tourism, which was projected to be ten times more than international tourists (Brackenhury 2000). The reality of economic benefits from tourism prompted the creation of Federal Ministry of Culture and Tourism with an emphasis on domestic ecotourism. The goal was to stimulate local interest in tourism at the preserved ecological zones as expressed in section seven of the nation’s cultural policy. While section 7.13 of the policy emphasized the role of government in promoting and encouraging domestic tourism, section 7.20 implored the States to establish parks, game reserves and beaches for recreation. State parks are created to preserve areas of ecological, historical and scenic values. They occupy a pivotal position between National Parks and Local Government Parks in a typical three tier governmental system. In state parks conservation and recreation are compatible land uses. The aim of sustainable state park system is planning and managing ecological resources at the grass root for the educational, economic, recreational and environmental benefits of the people without jeopardizing the same benefits for future generations. This permits conservation – recreation symbiotic concept. It is a concept that explores the principle of ecosystem management, resource preservation and friendly tourism services. The preserved area has minimum human impact and is exclusive for public management. At the buffer zone series of park support services are planned for private participation while the park front country made up of interpretation center and transportation system is opened to public-private partnership
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    Open Access
    Construction Cycle: The Nigerian Experience
    (The Nigerian Institute of Building (NIOB). Nigeria, The Professional Builder, Ikeja-Lagos., 2001-07) Adegbile, M.O.B.; Dada, M.O.; Iyagba, R.R.; Nubi, T.O.
    This paper researched into the Nigerian construction industry, over a fifteen year period (1990-1999). In general, the environment of the construction industry from independence has been highlighted. Construction capacity, outputs and cycles were discussed, factors affecting them were explained. A specific analysis of the performance of the quoted construction company over a ten (10) year period was done. It is the opinion of the authors of this paper as well as some others, that, quoted companies though small in numbers take a lion share of the construction activities going on in the country, especially, that which was initiated by the public sector.
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    Open Access
    Construction Cycle: The Nigerian Experience
    (The Professional Builder: Journal of the Nigerian Institute of Building, 2001-07) Adegbemile, M.O.B.; Dada, M.O.; Iyagba, R.R.; Nubi, T.G.
    Texts attached
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    Open Access
    Housing Productions Through Sites and Service Schemes: An Appraisal of Federal Schemes in Isheri-Olofin & Abesan Areas of Metropolis, Lagos.
    (The Lagos Journal of Environmental Studies. Faculty of Environmental Science, University of Lagos. Lagos-Nigeria., 2001-10) Nubi, T.G.
    Texts attached
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    Open Access
    Flying with One Wing: Dilemma of Mortgage Banking in Nigeria with a Secondary Market
    (The Quantity Surveyor. Journal of the Nigerian Institute of Quantity Surveyors, Victoria Island, Lagos., 2002-01) Nubi, T.G.
    Texts attached
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    Open Access
    Developmental Strategy For Sustainable Public Open Space System In Metropolitan Lagos
    (OAU Press, 2002-09-01) Adejumo, O. T.
    Livability in cities is enhanced by the availability of basic social amenities including planned recreational open spaces. Public open spaces system is a major yardstick used in measuring environmental success of cities. At the 2001 United Nation’s estimated population of 12,100,000 people in metropolitan Lagos, the ratio of planned open spaces to the population is 81,000 people per hectare. In comparison, the international average is 600 people per hectare. Past Lagos State Governments failed to recognize the role of parks in enhancing the quality of urban life. The government’s indifference and the informal role of various communities in meeting the recreational needs of the people, especially the youths, call for a local agenda. This paper explores the application of developmental strategy that could lead to sustainable public park system in metropolitan Lagos.
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    Open Access
    Land Use Charge Law 2001 of Lagos State: An Overview and the Need for Property Tax Reform in Nigeria
    (The Lagos Journal of Environmental Studies. Faculty of Environmental Science, University of Lagos. Lagos-Nigeria., 2002-10) Nubi, T.G.
    Property tax is a veritable source of urban finance when properly administered Poor administration can impose a burden on payers and lead to distortion in property market. The paper traced the history of property tax in Nigeria, and its colossal failure. Though there are well-defined regulations yet tax avoidance is high making it a very weak source of government revenue for urban management. Land Use Charge Edict al 2000 was promulgated to re-engineer the existing system but done in the most unprofessional and haphazard manner that made it the second most controversial law after the Land list, Decree of 1978. The paper assessed the various provisions and the effect on business, mortgage, investment and the common people. The paper posited that the edict is a pointer to urgent need for property tax reform in Nigeria.
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    Open Access
    Local Government, Laws, Estate Management and Development: The Lagos Experience
    (Journal of the Nigerian Institute of Town Planners. Falomo-Lagos., 2002-10) Nubi, T.G.
    Local Government in Nigeria today, under the Federal system, is the third tier of government and therefore represents part of the framework of administrative authorities. As organs of government that had experienced a lot of setbacks in the past, they are saturated with problems among which are the management of their physical environmental. This has resulted into environmental degradation, urban sprawl, water and transportation and other social problems. This paper examines the management of Local Government within the context of prevailing laws of Nigeria. Existing laws were reviewed, and physical environmental data were collected from survey of selected local government areas in Lagos State. The paper shows that Local Government, management, culture and weak economic base caused by prolong state dominance, poor administration and staffing structure. The paper recommends among other things the need for total re-engineering and empowerment of Local Government to ensure efficient utilization of their resources.
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    Open Access
    Local Government, Laws, Estate Management and Development: The Lagos Experience.
    (Journal of the Nigerian Institute of Town Planners. Falomo-Lagos., 2002-10) Nubi, T.G.
    Full texts attached
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    Open Access
    Financing Low-Income Housing in Nigeria: Need for Paradigm Shift
    (Proceedings of National Conference: Faculty of Environmental Design and Management, Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU), Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria., 2002-10-09) Nubi, T.G.
    Thomas Jefferson, American President in 1785 wrote " The small Landholders are the most precious part of a state. To the American founding fathers, the combination of property and liberty was clear. Jefferson's vision was widespread ownership through the society. However, widespread home ownership cannot be achieved without robust housing finance built on mortgage finance institutions. The paper recommends that, a model which will integrate the informal finance system into the formal finance system should be used in Nigeria.
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    Open Access
    Procuring, Managing and Financing Urban Infrastructure: Towards An Integrated Approach
    (Department of Estate Management, University of Lagos-Nigeria, 2003) Nubi, T.G.
    The urban population of the developing world more than doubled in the past 20 years; it is now 1.7 billion. This explosive rate of growth has no parallel in human history. The most striking evidence of urban growth is the mushrooming of large cities in the developing nations. Most of them tripled in size between 1950 and 1990. In many cases, the increase was no less than 20-fold in several countries of Africa. Most urban growth in the developing world occurred in settlements where investment in services — roads, water and sanitation, drainage, garbage collection — is negligible or non-existent. The proportion of urban poor in these cities is between 30 and 60 per cent. At least, half of the urban population in these countries lives today. In life-threatening houses and neighbor- hoods; they live in slums and shantytowns. Surrounded by ' filth and squalor, they are prey to endemic diseases such as diarrhea, dysentery and typhoid. A sizeable percentage of them has no access to adequate health care.
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    Open Access
    Management of Labour Only Contracts in the Nigerian Construction Industry: Basis of Award and Execution
    (2003) Adenuga, O. A.
    Globalisation, the down town in the economy, with the resultant lean economic resources in Nigeria have led many clients, to adopt the labour-only contracting system as a means of saving cost. This is not only for piecework’s such as alteration and refurbishment, but for the construction of new projects. The paper focused on the management of labour-only contracting system by examining its method of planning, organization, control, coordination and implementation. The scheduling of the resources were also examined. Performances were monitored in the area of cost, time and quality. Opinions of the parties involved consisting of clients, contractors and consultants were sampled. Selective sampling procedures were adopted for the targeted population. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics. From the analysis, the paper concluded that the system is becoming an increasingly prominent feature of the construction labour market. The success largely depends on the cooperation between the parties involved. The paper also revealed that the system is innovative and cost effective, but it could be confrontational, complex and uninspiring. When there is a breach of contract, this could result into delay and cost over-run.
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    Open Access
    Housing Production As a Panacea to Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria
    (Common Wealth Association of Surveying and Land Economy., 2004-04-24) Nubi, T.G.
    Housing has been acknowledged as the engine of economic growth because of its inherent investment opportunities and the multipliers effect. Unfortunately, Nigeria never explored these opportunities. Past neglects has resulted in a deficit of 8 million housing units, while poverty alleviation measures are merely propaganda. The paper examined the increasing indices and past poverty alleviation measures vis-à-vis housing. Conclusion was drawn with recommendations that toolkits inherent in housing for poverty alleviation.
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    Open Access
    Correlates of Land Value Determinants in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria
    (Routledge, 2005) Olayiwola, L.M.; Adeleye, O.A.; Oduwaye, A.O.
    This paper examined the relationship that exists between various land value determinants in metropolitan Lagos, Nigeria. Using factor analysis and principal component techniques, it showed that a high level of co-variation existed between factors of land value such as accessibility, rent, transport improvement, quality of neighbourhood, infrastructural facilities and government regulations. The need for land use planners to consider these land value determinants in putting land into optimum use were highlighted.
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    Open Access
    Sustainable Beach Tourism: Formalisation Of Local Agenda For Eleko Community Coastal Resources. in Globalization, Culture and the Nigeria Built Environment
    (2005-05-01) Adejumo, O. T.
    Integrated coastal zones management (ICZM) is identified as the most feasible developmental tool to stop the degradation of marine ecosystem. ICZM strengths the management of marine landscapes, preserves aquatic capital, promotes rural development and sustainable utilization of marine resources. Tourism, especially sustainable ecotourism, is one of the clean environmental land uses committed to economic empowerment of coastal communities in line with the current globalization paradigm. Tourism is an appealing sustainable economic development strategy for third world nations in dire need of alternative source of foreign exchange earning and poverty eradication program. The benefits of sustainable tourism emanates from the power of collective decision making in problems identification, needs assessment and solution profferment. Eleko community in Lagos state evolve a home grown participatory beach tourism as an alternative to the dwindling fortunes from artisan fishing industry. This paper examined the domestic beach tourism initiative and formalized the local agenda using an eight step participatory process. The result showed that Eleko beach project was intuitively developed in response to internal economic needs and external social influences. The formalized local tourism agenda identified three projects that can sustain the local economy including short term non consumptive recreational beach tourism, an aquatic resource-based restaurants product and development of eco friendly accommodation.