Faculty of Environmental Sciences

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    Open Access
    19th Century Conflagrations and the Architectural Landscape of Lagos
    (Department of Architecture, 2015-07-01) Akande, A. O.
    The 19th century was a boisterous time for Lagos. Quite momentous were the events that they left a significant change on many aspects of Lagos’ urban character and outlook. This paper looks at city fires and how they shaped the architectural landscape of Lagos. While city fires are in some ways a standard occurrence in many sprawling 19th century metropolises, not many received nearly as many fire as Lagos did. Though some of the fire events were acts of incendiarism, a significant number were accidental but the destruction were equally damning. The horror of these incessant fires prompted consistent reactions and policy promulgation by way of ordinances from the Colonial administration. The articulation of these law produced a sequence that initiated the reshaping of the city’s urban fabric. This paper will show that a significant amount of the architectural change and development in 19th century Lagos directly relate to city fires.
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    Open Access
    Academic Professionals' And Developers' Perception of the Prefab Housing System in Lagos State: A comparative Study
    (Department of Architecture, University of Lagos, 2019-03-01) Adebayo, A. K.; Dixon-Ogbechi, B. N.
    Despite all government efforts to the contrary, there has been housing shortages in Nigeria. The prefab housing system, a modern construction method has been used successfully by some nations to overcome this problem. Yet, this system has not been extensively adopted in Nigeria. To encourage its adoption, there is a need to investigate key stakeholders’ perception of this modern construction method. This study adopted the survey research approach to comparatively investigate the perceptions of academic professionals and developers of the prefab housing system with the aim of identifying the key variables that can promote and hinder its adoption so as to formulate appropriate marketing strategies to promote its adoption in the Nigerian built environment. A sample of 250 respondents comprising of 150 academic professionals and 100 developers was selected using the multi-stage sampling approach. The data gathered was analysed using descriptive statistics on the SPSS version 21. The hypotheses were tested at the 5% level of significance using the Levene’s test for equality of variances and the independent samples t-test. It was discovered that built environment academic professionals and developers in Lagos state are equally familiar with and knowledgeable about the prefabricated housing system. And they both have similar views about the factors that could hinder/promote the sustainable application of prefabricated housing system in Lagos State. Hence, in formulating relevant policies to promote the adoption of the prefab system, policy makers need to focus more on strategies that will encourage academic professionals and practitioners to apply this modern construction method.
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    Open Access
    Acceptability and Use of Innovative Bamboo Products for the Construction of Residential Buildings in Nigeria
    (International Journal of Technology, 2019-07-29) Ameh, J.O; Aliu, S; Oyediran, S
    The high cost and environmental and health hazards attributed to conventional building materials, coupled with the adverse effect of massive exploitation of forest resources for construction purposes, have necessitated the search for alternative construction materials that are eco-friendly, sustainable, economical and socially acceptable. This study aims to explore the acceptability and use of innovative bamboo products for residential building construction in Nigeria. One hundred and fifty-two survey questionnaires were distributed to built environment professionals within the Lagos region using the convenience sampling technique. The results show a likely disposition to the use of innovative bamboo products for building construction, except for roof beams and trusses, wall beams and columns, and composite roofing sheets. Major barriers to the acceptability and use of bamboo for construction include lack of knowledge about bamboo connections and detailing; the absence of governmental policy on bamboo as an alternative construction material; the absence of design standards for bamboo products; and poor public perception of the use of bamboo in building construction. The value of this study is that it provides an excellent platform for further research on the optimization of bamboo for construction, which will boost economic activities, reduce capital flight for the importation of machinery and the constituents of conventional building materials, and enhance the country’s GDP.
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    Open Access
    Adaptive Framework for Post-Occupancy Evaluation of Public Housing Projects in Nigeria
    (Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Lagos, 2010-11-01) Iweka, A. C.; Adebayo, A. K.; Igwe, J. M.
    Government intervention in housing development is lauded in many countries, but inappropriate perception of the end-users has made many of such schemes largely unsuccessful. In Nigeria, many researchers have argued that inadequate knowledge of the nature, scope and dimension of housing problems coupled with myopic concept of the people’s needs are responsible for public housing failures. Correct as these arguments may be, there is little evidence that they are based on a comparison between a clearly articulated theory about how the housing projects are supposed to work i.e., design intent, and the end-users. This situation further brings to the fore, the need to have a current and accurate understanding of the performance of the houses being provided. Once the initial design intent is established the techniques of post-occupancy evaluation can be employed to determine the extent to which it has been met. The paper shows that there are several approaches for understanding and conducting post-occupancy evaluation studies. This study examines three approaches that could be adapted and used to identify and prioritize questions regarding public-sector housing evaluation in Nigeria, after the housing project has been inhabited for some time.
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    Open Access
    Affordability and conditions of public housing estate in Isolo, Lagos, Nigeria
    (JEES, OOU, 2011) Agunloye, O.O; Salau, T.I
    Full texts attached
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    Open Access
    Affordable Housing Delivery in Nigeria: Strategic Direction for Federal Authority and State Housing Corporations.
    (Housing Today. Journal of Association of Housing Corporations in Nigeria (AHCN). Town Planning Way, Ilupeju-Lagos, Nigeria., 2009-05) Nubi, T.G.; Abiodun, Y.
    Housing remains one of the basic needs of man. Its supply both in quantity and quality had been a major concern to most people in most places at different times in human history. Unfortunately, as urbanization and globalization deepens, so also is the problem of housing getting worse. This paper examines the .current housing problem in Nigeria viz-a-viz post efforts at solving it. The authors worked with the Technical Board of Federal Housing Authority between 2006 and 2007. During the tenure of the Board, efforts were made to put in place a Blue Print towards a sustainable Salable housing delivery in Nigeria in line with the new direction of the Federal Government. It is our belief that the model presented in this paper will go on a long way to resolving the nation's housing problem. The state Housing Corporations are also encouraged to adopt it at the state 'level to row, a quick spread of the gains of the model across the country.
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    Open Access
    Africa’s Housing Sector as a Pathway to Achieving the SDGs
    (Journal of Housing and SDGs in Urban Africa. Springer, Singapore, 2021) Nubi, T.G.; Anderson, I.
    Texts attached
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    Open Access
    Afro-Brazilian Style Of Architecture In Lagos, Nigeria
    (Department of Architecture, 2016-07-01) Harrison, E.; Igwe, J. M.
    This paper examines critical issues surrounding the export of Brazilian style of architecture into Nigeria. It identifies and discusses local architectural trends in Lagos and southwestern Nigeria before the arrival of Afro-Brazilians in Lagos. This is followed by an elaboration of the evolution and development of an Afro-Brazilian Style of architecture in Lagos. Finally, the paper articulates the legacy of Afro-Brazilians in the architectural landscape of Lagos and southwestern Nigeria.
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    Open Access
    Amicable Resolution to the Seeming Impasse on the Lagos State Land Use Charge (LUC) 2018
    (Published by Department of Estate Management, University of Lagos, 2018-04-15) Babawale, G. K.
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    Open Access
    Amoebic Urbanization in Nigerian Cities: The case of Lagos and Ota
    (Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., 2013) Salau, T; Lawanson, T; Yadua, O
    This paper investigates the relationship between the Lagos Megacity and Ota Township, a small township on its periphery. The study examines linkages between and Lagos in terms of growth, urban development as well as mobility. 553 questionnaires were administered to household heads across the 12 residential districts of Ota Township. Survey was carried out by systematic random sampling. Classified traffic counts were also taken at strategic locations along the four main axial roads in Ota. The data collected were analysed with descriptive and inferential statistical methods including cross-tabulation and correlation analysis. Findings of the research have shown that the proportion of inter-city traffic from Ota directed towards Lagos is about 48% of total inter-city traffic generated. More than 40% of Ota residents migrated from Lagos and still commute daily to the megacity. The paper concludes by recommending strategies for better synergies between Ota Township and the Lagos megacity. These include the implementation of integrated master planning, effective environmental management and traffic policies for the township as well
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    Open Access
    An Analysis of Clients' Satisfaction with Mortgage Valuation Reports in Nigeria
    (International Journal of Marketing Studies, 2011) Oluwunmi, A.O.
    With continuous growth and sophistication in the property market and investment scene worldwide, there is a ompelling need to explore the adequacy or otherwise of valuation reports which serve as an important input to nvestors' investment decision making. Focusing on the Nigerian property market, this study considered clients' erception of the quality of property valuation reports with a view to determining clients' satisfaction level and hus improving on the quality of valuers' reports. The result revealed that 62% of the banks (clients) were at least atisfied with the overall content of the valuation report they received from valuers However, the results showed hat clients wanted some aspects of the valuation reports to be improved upon. These includes: (1) details of enancies which seldom appear; (2) details on specific comparable; (3) state of letting market; (4) general nformation on comparable; (5) valuation calculations and (6) uncertainty in valuation figures.
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    Open Access
    Analysis of Intra- City Public Transport System of Ojuelegba Park, Lagos State, Nigeria
    (MCSER Publishing, Rome-Italy, 2015-03) Atoyebi, A.O.; Gbadamosi, T.K.; Nwokoro, I.I.C; Omole, F.K.
    Urbanization coupled with the increase in economic activities among other factors is responsible for the increase transport demand. This study exams the use and the service efficiency of intra-urban bus services at ‘Ojuelegba’, a popular district in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods of investigation include; physical observation and field inventory of the buses and facilities at the park, oral interviews of stakeholders and administration of questionnaires among others. Both descriptive and inferential analyses were used for data analysis. Findings show that age groups between 31-50 years were dominant in the patronage and uses of public transport. The highest number of trips made by drivers per day was four; that was because of traffic delay in virtually on the roads. The major purpose for trip making was for business. The National Union of Road Transport Workers (NURTW) unjustly exhorts money from bus operators and lastly, long waiting time by passengers for buses to load at the park was another problem identified. Recommendations include; (i) an appeal for reduction of bus ticket fee to reduce cost of travels, (ii) the need for test of busses and test for road worthiness of busses periodically at the park, and lastly; and (iii) provision for conveniences at the park to make the park more functional and environmental friendly.
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    Open Access
    An Analysis of the Implication of Land Speculation Activities on Land Affordability in the Urban Fringe Area of Lagos State, Nigeria
    (AfRES- African Real Estate Society, 2017-09-13) Thontteh, E. O.; Omirin, M. M.; Olanrele, O. O.
    Purpose – While affordability studies have centred on house possession through either mortgage repayment or household ability to pay rent in the developed countries, land affordability has remained a topical issue in the third world countries and emerging economy with consequential effect on the economic growth. The purpose of this paper is to examine the activities of the real estate developers as touching the capability and ability of the first time buyers to pay for a plot of land towards actualising their home ownership dream. Design/Methodology – The study adopted a quantitative paradigm of research method. A questionnaire survey was carried out with members of the Real Estate Developers Association (REDAN) and household heads in Lagos urban fringe as stakeholders. The Income structure of the civil/public service was also collected. The study employed the use of Land Affordability Index relative to Affordable Limit to determine buyer’s affordability. Findings – The study finds a speculative motive in the activities of developers rather than solving housing supply problem resulting in non-affordability of land to the end user or first home dreamers. 77.8% of the developers’ affirmed they subdivide within two years of land purchase for the purpose of resale to the end users and further land retailers. However, other factors such as increase in demand for land, change in income, scarcity of developable land was also found to have impacted on the ease of land affordability. Practical Implications – The study revealed that the solution to the lingering housing Problem in Nigeria with over 16 million unit deficit, will not come from private developers if the activities of the developers continue unabated. Originality/Value of Work – The paper in addition to its contribution to literature, is the first to study land affordability in developing/third world context especially where there is inefficient mortgage system for home ownership, making individuals to acquire land and build their houses.
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    Open Access
    An Analysis of the Location of Worship Centers on Residential Property Values in Ota, Nigeria
    (Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 2011) Iroham, C.O; Oloyede, S.A; Oluwunmi, A.O
    Location of property is an effective tool in complementary land uses. Man in his quest for relationship with a Supreme Being resulted in the allocation of land to meet such need. However, the location of the Living Faith Church, Ota, the largest single worship center in the world, accommodating about 50, 000 worshippers, around other zoned land uses, residential inclusive, is a point of concern. This work aimed at discovering the effect of the worship center on property values in the study area. Forty-five local estate agents with the two estate surveying firms practising in the area were surveyed. Data were analyzed using the Student-T test at a confidence level of 95%. Findings reveal that the location of religious centers had a significant impact on the residential rental values. The researchers opine that worship centers be situated close to residential properties so as to enhanced economic development. However, a call for an effective traffic control scheme is advocated.
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    Open Access
    Analysis of the travels of public transport passengers (road) in Ikorodu, Lagos, Nigeria
    (Academic Journals, 2011-07) Agunloye, O.O
    This paper investigated the travels of public transport passengers’ (road) from Ayangburen Taxi Park, Ikorodu, Lagos, Nigeria with a view toward identifying its challenges and contributions to travel demand. The sources of data used were the structured questionnaire and past literature. The primary data types used were on routes, schedules, travel cost, number of vehicles, number of vehicles’ daily travels, travel time, travel cost, travel length in temporal term, travel purpose, passengers’ waiting time and travel frequency, unexpected breakdown, fuelling challenge, accidents, long journey time, frequent stops. The study used the total number of passengers in ten round trips of a particular day for the sample frame (1,240). The sample size for this study was 10% of the sample frame which translated to 124 completed questionnaires. The sampling technique used for this study was the purposive sampling method because of the lack of pre-determined population and unequal chances for passengers’ representation. The sampling procedure entailed the identification of the motor park, selection of the cabs through the designed method and conduction of the survey directly with the operators and passengers, in order to obtain the relevant data in accordance with the structured questionnaire. Data were analysed through the descriptive (frequency tables) and inferential analyses (stepwise multiple regression). The study found that, the average age of passengers was 36 years, whose average income was N15, 000. The travel characteristics of passengers revealed that, average passengers’ waiting time for cab was < 15 min, the average travel frequency was 8 times per week, the average travel time was 45 min and the passengers’ average travel length was 1500 m. The inferential model revealed that, the temporal length of trip and waiting time (R2= 30.1%) of respondents made significant contributions to the travel demands of the passengers in the study area. The study concluded with pragmatic strategies such as the provisions of more cabs, fare subsidies and so on, in order to provide a more efficient public transport system in the study area.
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    Open Access
    Applicability Of Existing Performance Evaluation Tools And Concepts To The Nigerian Facilities Management Practice
    (International Journal of Strategic Property Management, 2013) Koleoso, H.A.; Adewunmi, Y. A.; Babawale, G. K.
    ABSTRACT. There are noticeable gaps in aspects of Nigerian facilities management (FM) education and practice. Predicated by its relative infancy, one area where this gap is more apparent is in the measurement of performance. This paper is a systematic review of at least 22 performance measurement (PM) tools and concepts that are known and in use for assessment of performance of buildings / facilities and or performance of FM as a management process. Based on the literature, the research examined the essential features, strengths and weaknesses of each method generally and their specific applicability to the Nigerian environment, in view of her peculiarities as a developing nation. It also discusses the required attributes of a PM tool that will be applicable to FM in Nigeria. A major contribution of the study is the development of a table that presents a summary of the information on the tools or concepts at a glance. The paper is an extract from an ongoing PhD research; although it does not include details of the empirical survey, it nevertheless provides background work for a possible attempt at developing a PM tool that will be contextual and applicable to the measurement of building performance and effectiveness of facilities managers in the Nigerian FM practice and by extension, to most parts of the developing world.
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    Open Access
    Application Software Used in Building Project Delivery in Lagos, Nigeria.
    (Journal of Engineering and Environmental Studies, 2013) Ameh, O. J.; Olufowobi, M. B.
    The study aimed at exploring the types of application software used in building project delivery in Nigeria. A survey research design was employed. Forty one construction professionals from building and civil engineering consultancy firms were sampled using Judgment sampling technique. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. AutoCAD top the list of preferred 2D and 3D architectural design software, Staad Pro top the of dominant structural analysis/design software, Microsoft Excel and Microsoft project was the most used cost estimating and project management software respectively. Ability to handle complex projects, timely completion of operation (speed) and opportunity to review and amend documents were ranked the highest benefits of computer software. Virus attack leading to data loss was the most significant barrier to the adoption of Information and Communication Technology in the building and civil engineering consultancy firms. The study will serve as a guide to tertiary educational institutions in the review of their curriculum in line with ICT needs of the industry. It also bridges the gap in literature on international construction practice in IT.The study provides insight into construction industry hiring requirements for new graduate, in terms of proficiency in dominant application software both locally and internationally.
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    Open Access
    Appraisal of Maintenance Management Strategies Used in Public Hospital Buildings in Lagos State, Nigeria
    (2007) Adenuga, O. A.; Iyagba, R. O.; Odusami, K. T.; Ogunsanmi, O. E.
    This study focuses on the evaluation of maintenance management strategies used in public hospital buildings in Lagos state. It also assesses the labour composition of maintenance operations. In achieving these objectives, opinions of maintenance officers of ten (10) hospitals in different local government areas of the state were sampled through well-structured questionnaires. The data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. From the analysis, the study reveals that majority of public hospitals do not have specific budget for maintenance programmes, maintenance policies, maintenance log book and maintenance manual to guide the operatives. About 98% of the sample does not understand the type of maintenance strategy used for their maintenance operations. 78% of the maintenance work are only executed when there is a breakdown or in response to users’ request. For labour composition, the cleaning of the interior and exterior of the building, inspection of building elements are mainly carried out by in-house staff, while the repair and replacement of equipment is by outsourcing. The study also reveals that executing maintenance programmes using outsourcing gives latest innovations in technologies to work done and better access to special skills than in-source. In-source method, gives reduction in cost of operation, higher security, more flexibility in staffing, better adjustment to workload fluctuation and reduction in equipment downtime than out-source. Both methods claim to produce special expertise in labour, better control of services and higher quality of work. The study recommends proactive measures such as providing necessary training and support for maintenance staff and users of these facilities and the provision of sufficient funds for maintenance programmes.
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    Open Access
    An Appraisal of the Extent of Market Maturity in Nigeria Property Market
    (IOSR, 2013-09-13) Thontteh, E. O.
    Abstract: With increasing globalization of investments in recent years, it is becoming more important for investors to have better understanding of the Nigerian Property Markets. This paper aims to explore perceptions of market maturity and issues of importance for investment in the property markets. Maturity is a key concept in investors’ decision making as it takes into account the nature and evolution of the markets as well as their economic, social and institutional condition. Interview guide and questionnaire was used to elicit information from Estate Surveyors and Valuers, real estate financiers and real estate investors. The information collated shows that Nigeria Property Market is highly immature due to unsound financial and economic structure, strength and stability of the economy, market openness, low level of professionalism, lack of information availability and standardization and culture. The paper therefore recommends that government should develop a workable framework and environment to improve on existing data. Keywords - Globalization; Investments; Market Maturity; Nigeria; Property Market
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    Open Access
    Appraisal of the Factors Affecting Effective Implementation of the National Housing Policy
    (2007) Akinsola, O. E.; Adenuga, O. A.; Iyagba, R. O. A.
    The study started by stating the importance of housing by narrating the historical background; the attendant cost of housing delivery, and appraised the factors affecting effective implementation of the National Housing Programme of 1991. The causative factors of inadequate housing provision such as imbalance in housing distribution, high cost of building materials and land use system were examined. The method adopted was based on probabilistic sampling analysis of data, and tested hypotheses. The findings revealed the unpreparedness of government in the execution of the programme. The various problems and constraints of the contractors who handled the projects were highlighted by the survey as fund, unsuitable contractual arrangement, materials diversion etc. The research recommended setting up of monitoring and evaluation committee for similar future undertakings, the substitution of local raw materials to reduce cost, elimination of bureaucracy in governance to reduce delay and payment of mobilization fee on production of certified performance bond.