Faculty of Environmental Sciences

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    Open Access
    19th Century Conflagrations and the Architectural Landscape of Lagos
    (Department of Architecture, 2015-07-01) Akande, A. O.
    The 19th century was a boisterous time for Lagos. Quite momentous were the events that they left a significant change on many aspects of Lagos’ urban character and outlook. This paper looks at city fires and how they shaped the architectural landscape of Lagos. While city fires are in some ways a standard occurrence in many sprawling 19th century metropolises, not many received nearly as many fire as Lagos did. Though some of the fire events were acts of incendiarism, a significant number were accidental but the destruction were equally damning. The horror of these incessant fires prompted consistent reactions and policy promulgation by way of ordinances from the Colonial administration. The articulation of these law produced a sequence that initiated the reshaping of the city’s urban fabric. This paper will show that a significant amount of the architectural change and development in 19th century Lagos directly relate to city fires.
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    Open Access
    A conceptual framework for evaluating the influence of facilities management on building performance in Nigeria
    (School of the Built environment, Caledonian University, Scotland, UK and Emerald Property Journals, UK., 2009) Koleoso, H. A.; Iyagba R.O. A; Ogunsanmi O. E.; Odusami K. T
    Full texts attached
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    Open Access
    A post occupancy evaluation of students’ hostels accommodation.
    (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 2013) Oladiran O.J.
    Hostel accommodation is very crucial to the performance of students. A post occupancy evaluation (POE) of existing hostels could foster their improvement and services. This study focuses on POE of students’ hostel accommodation in the University of Lagos, Nigeria. The problem of the study is specifically concerned with investigating the availability of students’ hostel accommodation and the satisfaction derived by the users. The objectives of the study are to investigate students’ hostel accommodation and their users’ satisfaction, to examine the additional facilities provided in the hostels, to pinpoint the problems of the users and that of the facilities managers in managing the hostels. The population of the study is the students of the University of Lagos and the facility managers; while the sampling frame is the students resident in the institution-owned hostels and the facility managers of such hostels in the main campus of the University. Eleven hostels were used and random sampling technique was used to a select a sample of 179 from the frame. Descriptive and inferential statistics tools were used to analyze the data. The study reveals that the content of hostels accommodation in the University of Lagos includes bathrooms, common rooms, bedrooms, reading rooms, kitchen and fixtures. There is also a sparse availability of laundry, pantry and meeting room in some of the hostels. The level of satisfaction of the users with the hostels accommodation is “good” in term of noiselessness, indoor temperature, natural lighting, ventilation and water supply; while it is “fair” with electrical fittings, space, cleanliness and comfortability. The study recommends that more accommodation with state of the art facilities should be provided in the University of Lagos.
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    Open Access
    Academic Professionals' And Developers' Perception of the Prefab Housing System in Lagos State: A comparative Study
    (Department of Architecture, University of Lagos, 2019-03-01) Adebayo, A. K.; Dixon-Ogbechi, B. N.
    Despite all government efforts to the contrary, there has been housing shortages in Nigeria. The prefab housing system, a modern construction method has been used successfully by some nations to overcome this problem. Yet, this system has not been extensively adopted in Nigeria. To encourage its adoption, there is a need to investigate key stakeholders’ perception of this modern construction method. This study adopted the survey research approach to comparatively investigate the perceptions of academic professionals and developers of the prefab housing system with the aim of identifying the key variables that can promote and hinder its adoption so as to formulate appropriate marketing strategies to promote its adoption in the Nigerian built environment. A sample of 250 respondents comprising of 150 academic professionals and 100 developers was selected using the multi-stage sampling approach. The data gathered was analysed using descriptive statistics on the SPSS version 21. The hypotheses were tested at the 5% level of significance using the Levene’s test for equality of variances and the independent samples t-test. It was discovered that built environment academic professionals and developers in Lagos state are equally familiar with and knowledgeable about the prefabricated housing system. And they both have similar views about the factors that could hinder/promote the sustainable application of prefabricated housing system in Lagos State. Hence, in formulating relevant policies to promote the adoption of the prefab system, policy makers need to focus more on strategies that will encourage academic professionals and practitioners to apply this modern construction method.
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    Open Access
    Acceptability and Use of Innovative Bamboo Products for the Construction of Residential Buildings in Nigeria
    (International Journal of Technology, 2019-07-29) Ameh, J.O; Aliu, S; Oyediran, S
    The high cost and environmental and health hazards attributed to conventional building materials, coupled with the adverse effect of massive exploitation of forest resources for construction purposes, have necessitated the search for alternative construction materials that are eco-friendly, sustainable, economical and socially acceptable. This study aims to explore the acceptability and use of innovative bamboo products for residential building construction in Nigeria. One hundred and fifty-two survey questionnaires were distributed to built environment professionals within the Lagos region using the convenience sampling technique. The results show a likely disposition to the use of innovative bamboo products for building construction, except for roof beams and trusses, wall beams and columns, and composite roofing sheets. Major barriers to the acceptability and use of bamboo for construction include lack of knowledge about bamboo connections and detailing; the absence of governmental policy on bamboo as an alternative construction material; the absence of design standards for bamboo products; and poor public perception of the use of bamboo in building construction. The value of this study is that it provides an excellent platform for further research on the optimization of bamboo for construction, which will boost economic activities, reduce capital flight for the importation of machinery and the constituents of conventional building materials, and enhance the country’s GDP.
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    Open Access
    Adaptive Framework for Post-Occupancy Evaluation of Public Housing Projects in Nigeria
    (Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Lagos, 2010-11-01) Iweka, A. C.; Adebayo, A. K.; Igwe, J. M.
    Government intervention in housing development is lauded in many countries, but inappropriate perception of the end-users has made many of such schemes largely unsuccessful. In Nigeria, many researchers have argued that inadequate knowledge of the nature, scope and dimension of housing problems coupled with myopic concept of the people’s needs are responsible for public housing failures. Correct as these arguments may be, there is little evidence that they are based on a comparison between a clearly articulated theory about how the housing projects are supposed to work i.e., design intent, and the end-users. This situation further brings to the fore, the need to have a current and accurate understanding of the performance of the houses being provided. Once the initial design intent is established the techniques of post-occupancy evaluation can be employed to determine the extent to which it has been met. The paper shows that there are several approaches for understanding and conducting post-occupancy evaluation studies. This study examines three approaches that could be adapted and used to identify and prioritize questions regarding public-sector housing evaluation in Nigeria, after the housing project has been inhabited for some time.
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    Open Access
    Affordability and conditions of public housing estate in Isolo, Lagos, Nigeria
    (JEES, OOU, 2011) Agunloye, O.O; Salau, T.I
    Full texts attached
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    Open Access
    Affordable Housing Delivery in Nigeria: Strategic Direction for Federal Authority and State Housing Corporations.
    (Housing Today. Journal of Association of Housing Corporations in Nigeria (AHCN). Town Planning Way, Ilupeju-Lagos, Nigeria., 2009-05) Nubi, T.G.; Abiodun, Y.
    Housing remains one of the basic needs of man. Its supply both in quantity and quality had been a major concern to most people in most places at different times in human history. Unfortunately, as urbanization and globalization deepens, so also is the problem of housing getting worse. This paper examines the .current housing problem in Nigeria viz-a-viz post efforts at solving it. The authors worked with the Technical Board of Federal Housing Authority between 2006 and 2007. During the tenure of the Board, efforts were made to put in place a Blue Print towards a sustainable Salable housing delivery in Nigeria in line with the new direction of the Federal Government. It is our belief that the model presented in this paper will go on a long way to resolving the nation's housing problem. The state Housing Corporations are also encouraged to adopt it at the state 'level to row, a quick spread of the gains of the model across the country.
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    Open Access
    AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR LOW-INCOME MASSES: A CASE STUDY OF A DENSELY POPULATED AREA IN LAGOS METROPOLIS
    (CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development, 2020) Ajayi, O.O.; Faremi, O.J.; Simeon, D.R.; Uwaje, E.A.
    A house is an essential facility that affords an abode, provides habitation and shelter adequacies. Affordable housing presumes access to a conducive, functional, and sustainable dwelling by the majority of the people within a locality. The study investigated the factors mitigating the actualization of affordable housing for low-income masses in the selected area. Survey research was adopted for the study. The population for the study is made up of two groups comprising low-income masses and construction professionals. The study adopted a multi-sampling method. Both convenient and random sampling techniques were utilized to gather information from the respondents. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for descriptive (frequency, percent, and mean score) and appropriate inferential analysis. Results indicated factors weighing down the provision of affordable housing as well as factors precluding accessible housing for low-income masses. Also, the response from construction professionals showed the level of agreement on factors impeding the provision of affordable housing. The trail to alleviate the effect of the non-affordability of housing for low-income masses becomes perceptible and addressed.
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    Open Access
    Africa’s Housing Sector as a Pathway to Achieving the SDGs
    (Journal of Housing and SDGs in Urban Africa. Springer, Singapore, 2021) Nubi, T.G.; Anderson, I.
    Texts attached
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    Open Access
    Afro-Brazilian Style Of Architecture In Lagos, Nigeria
    (Department of Architecture, 2016-07-01) Harrison, E.; Igwe, J. M.
    This paper examines critical issues surrounding the export of Brazilian style of architecture into Nigeria. It identifies and discusses local architectural trends in Lagos and southwestern Nigeria before the arrival of Afro-Brazilians in Lagos. This is followed by an elaboration of the evolution and development of an Afro-Brazilian Style of architecture in Lagos. Finally, the paper articulates the legacy of Afro-Brazilians in the architectural landscape of Lagos and southwestern Nigeria.
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    Open Access
    Amicable Resolution to the Seeming Impasse on the Lagos State Land Use Charge (LUC) 2018
    (Published by Department of Estate Management, University of Lagos, 2018-04-15) Babawale, G. K.
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    Open Access
    Amoebic Urbanization in Nigerian Cities: The case of Lagos and Ota
    (Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., 2013) Salau, T; Lawanson, T; Yadua, O
    This paper investigates the relationship between the Lagos Megacity and Ota Township, a small township on its periphery. The study examines linkages between and Lagos in terms of growth, urban development as well as mobility. 553 questionnaires were administered to household heads across the 12 residential districts of Ota Township. Survey was carried out by systematic random sampling. Classified traffic counts were also taken at strategic locations along the four main axial roads in Ota. The data collected were analysed with descriptive and inferential statistical methods including cross-tabulation and correlation analysis. Findings of the research have shown that the proportion of inter-city traffic from Ota directed towards Lagos is about 48% of total inter-city traffic generated. More than 40% of Ota residents migrated from Lagos and still commute daily to the megacity. The paper concludes by recommending strategies for better synergies between Ota Township and the Lagos megacity. These include the implementation of integrated master planning, effective environmental management and traffic policies for the township as well
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    Open Access
    An alternative sustainable walling material for building projects in construction industry
    (ASOCSA2023, 2023) Oladiran O.J.; Anugwo I.C.; Simeon D.R.
    Purpose Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) is an eco-friendly and sustainable material. This study evaluates the acceptability and key drivers as a walling material. Design methodology Seventeen online questionnaires were sent via email to South African construction practitioners in five provinces and 99 questionnaires self-administered to construction professionals in Lagos, Nigeria. The statistical techniques used for analyses were frequency distribution, percentages, ranking, mean score and percentage mean unit. Findings The top four AAC block types used in building projects in South Africa are those AAC made using Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) of grade 52.5, OPC of grade 42.5, Aluminum Powder (AP) or Rice Husk Ash (RHA), and Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) or Pulverized Fuel Ash (PFA). The top factors influencing the use of AAC in Nigeria are its lightweight characteristics, ecological improvements, energy efficiency, adaptation to hot regions, excellent heat assimilation characteristics, good fire resistance, and adaptability to architectural flairs. Whereas, AAC is mostly used in South Africa due to its outstanding fire insulation properties, lightweight characteristics, energy efficiency, superior thermal absorption characteristics, adaptability to any type of architecture, eco-friendliness; and remarkable thermal conductivity. Research implications The research draws the conclusion that AAC block producers that manufacture AAC variations outside the four listed above would probably not grow in business since they would receive little support from construction practitioners. Practical implications Although lightweight characteristics is the most important driver for both nations, the relevance of drivers for the use of AAC blocks varies. This suggests that practitioners in both nations prioritize the block's lightweight properties, which could be preferred for tall projects due to lower costs for the foundation and other structural components.
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    Open Access
    An Examination of Quantity Surveyor’s Involvement in Projects’ execution in Nigerian Private Construction Organizations.
    (Federal University of Technology Minna, 2013) Oladiran O.J.
    Quantity Surveyors (QS) are charged with the responsibility of cost control in construction projects. They also perform several other duties in different projects while in some they are not involved at all. This research seeks to examine the extent of QS’ involvement in construction projects’ execution in Nigeria. The objectives are to find out the level of QS’ involvement in construction projects execution; to identify the various factors that influence their involvement; and to examine the impact of their involvement on projects’ outcomes. The population of the study is construction professionals in Nigeria and the sampling frame is professionals in private firms based in Lagos state, Nigeria. A questionnaire administrated via accidental sampling technique was used; resulting to a sample size of 29. Descriptive statistics tools were used for the analysis. The study reveals that QS’ involvement is highest or topmost in preparation of Bill of Quantities and Final Accounts; lack of public awareness influences their involvement most; and their highest impact is on project completion within budgeted costs. In order to improve the level of involvement of QS in construction projects, the study recommends that more awareness should be created for stakeholders especially among clients on the roles and benefits of QS’ involvement in construction projects.
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    An investigation into the usage of lean construction techniques in Nigeria.
    (University of Johannesburg, South Africa, 2017) Oladiran O.J.
    Inadequate implementation of lean construction techniques poses a serious problem to the Nigerian construction process. The usage of lean techniques at the early stage of construction projects results in enhanced environmental performance, waste reduction, an increase in profits, and sustainable construction, among other things. This study focuses on the implementation of lean techniques, with a view to enhancing their usage, thereby improving the performance of construction projects. It examines the lean construction techniques that are used, as well as the extent of their usage, the implementation processes that are used, the benefits of improving usage of lean construction techniques in the study area, and the measures used to improve implementation of such techniques. In achieving these objectives, construction professionals from 10 organisations in Lagos State, Nigeria, were interviewed on 12 selected lean techniques. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics tools, namely means, frequencies, percentages, and modes. The findings reveal that fail-safe quality and safety, daily huddle meetings, increased visualisation, and the 5S process are poorly used, while the other eight techniques, namely Last Planner® System (LPS®), first-run studies, just-intime (JIT), total production maintenance, concurrent design, kaizen, design for buildability, and supply chain management, are not used at all. Nevertheless, application of the aforementioned first four techniques has contributed to improved workflow on sites, maintenance of good site organisation, and increased job satisfaction among employees. It is recommended that top management, professional bodies, and institutions of higher learning make it a priority to offer education and training programmes on the concept of lean for workers on construction projects. Government should promote the concept of lean techniques, so as to encourage a culture of safety and improve productivity and performance on construction projects.
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    Open Access
    An Analysis of Clients' Satisfaction with Mortgage Valuation Reports in Nigeria
    (International Journal of Marketing Studies, 2011) Oluwunmi, A.O.
    With continuous growth and sophistication in the property market and investment scene worldwide, there is a ompelling need to explore the adequacy or otherwise of valuation reports which serve as an important input to nvestors' investment decision making. Focusing on the Nigerian property market, this study considered clients' erception of the quality of property valuation reports with a view to determining clients' satisfaction level and hus improving on the quality of valuers' reports. The result revealed that 62% of the banks (clients) were at least atisfied with the overall content of the valuation report they received from valuers However, the results showed hat clients wanted some aspects of the valuation reports to be improved upon. These includes: (1) details of enancies which seldom appear; (2) details on specific comparable; (3) state of letting market; (4) general nformation on comparable; (5) valuation calculations and (6) uncertainty in valuation figures.
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    Open Access
    Analysis of Intra- City Public Transport System of Ojuelegba Park, Lagos State, Nigeria
    (MCSER Publishing, Rome-Italy, 2015-03) Atoyebi, A.O.; Gbadamosi, T.K.; Nwokoro, I.I.C; Omole, F.K.
    Urbanization coupled with the increase in economic activities among other factors is responsible for the increase transport demand. This study exams the use and the service efficiency of intra-urban bus services at ‘Ojuelegba’, a popular district in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods of investigation include; physical observation and field inventory of the buses and facilities at the park, oral interviews of stakeholders and administration of questionnaires among others. Both descriptive and inferential analyses were used for data analysis. Findings show that age groups between 31-50 years were dominant in the patronage and uses of public transport. The highest number of trips made by drivers per day was four; that was because of traffic delay in virtually on the roads. The major purpose for trip making was for business. The National Union of Road Transport Workers (NURTW) unjustly exhorts money from bus operators and lastly, long waiting time by passengers for buses to load at the park was another problem identified. Recommendations include; (i) an appeal for reduction of bus ticket fee to reduce cost of travels, (ii) the need for test of busses and test for road worthiness of busses periodically at the park, and lastly; and (iii) provision for conveniences at the park to make the park more functional and environmental friendly.
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    An Analysis of the Implication of Land Speculation Activities on Land Affordability in the Urban Fringe Area of Lagos State, Nigeria
    (AfRES- African Real Estate Society, 2017-09-13) Thontteh, E. O.; Omirin, M. M.; Olanrele, O. O.
    Purpose – While affordability studies have centred on house possession through either mortgage repayment or household ability to pay rent in the developed countries, land affordability has remained a topical issue in the third world countries and emerging economy with consequential effect on the economic growth. The purpose of this paper is to examine the activities of the real estate developers as touching the capability and ability of the first time buyers to pay for a plot of land towards actualising their home ownership dream. Design/Methodology – The study adopted a quantitative paradigm of research method. A questionnaire survey was carried out with members of the Real Estate Developers Association (REDAN) and household heads in Lagos urban fringe as stakeholders. The Income structure of the civil/public service was also collected. The study employed the use of Land Affordability Index relative to Affordable Limit to determine buyer’s affordability. Findings – The study finds a speculative motive in the activities of developers rather than solving housing supply problem resulting in non-affordability of land to the end user or first home dreamers. 77.8% of the developers’ affirmed they subdivide within two years of land purchase for the purpose of resale to the end users and further land retailers. However, other factors such as increase in demand for land, change in income, scarcity of developable land was also found to have impacted on the ease of land affordability. Practical Implications – The study revealed that the solution to the lingering housing Problem in Nigeria with over 16 million unit deficit, will not come from private developers if the activities of the developers continue unabated. Originality/Value of Work – The paper in addition to its contribution to literature, is the first to study land affordability in developing/third world context especially where there is inefficient mortgage system for home ownership, making individuals to acquire land and build their houses.