Faculty of Science

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THE MISSION AND VISION: To provide the platform of high academic standard in both research and learning in Science. To be the pace-setting Faculty of Science in Nigeria and beyond in producing excellent graduates in research, learning and character.

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    Open Access
    A 3-D MODEL OF AN INSTITUTIONAL LOCATION NAVIGATION SYSTEM (NAVILOC) (A CASE STUDY OF COVENANT UNIVERSITY)
    (International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 2019-01) Adebiyi, Marion; Oladeji, Florence; Onyido, Solomon; Ori, Daniel; Ogundokun, Roseline; Adeniyi, Emmanuel; Okesola, Olatunji
    Covenant University location navigation system (CU Naviloc) built on the Android platform is a mobile based system which can be easily accessed from an android mobile device across any location, downloadable on Google play store and deployable anywhere in the world. In this study,Computer-aided design as well as building Information modelling (CAD/BIM) system applications were introduced to the simulation of Covenant University, a smart and compact campus whose edifice elaborates the need for the development of a three dimensional (3D) virtual model of locations as an advancement over the existing 2D model representation of maps on the Google map and Google Earth platform. Therefore, this research work outlays the development of three dimensional models (CU NAViLoc Model) for details of information at Covenant University as well as the requirements for its development and implementation for cooperate representation of the institution. A three dimensional map of CU was packaged into a location navigation system and was implemented using Unreal Engine, Trimble SketchUp and Revit to effect a user friendly, smarter and multi-dimensional viewable user interface. CU Naviloc explore the advantage of the rich benefits of building information models and geographic information systems to build a free-roam navigator, based on a well-updated model of Covenant University location map. The benefits of this system is not limited to 3D capability, real time similarity, portability, no downtime on access, and progressive scalability with zero or little loss of data. The usage of the CU Naviloc system requires free download and installation of the app and internet presence.
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    Open Access
    3. Osuala, Fidelia I., Abiodun, Olushola A., OyelBiodiversity of Fauna and Heavy Metals Assessment in Selected Areas of the University of Lagos Akoka Campus, Lagos, Nigeria
    (2020) Osuala F.I.; Abiodun O.A.; Humphrey O.F.; Bisola G.
    The biodiversity of terrestrial fauna and assessment of some heavy metals cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni) and manganese (Mn) concentrations in soil samples were investigated in selected areas of the University of Lagos Akoka campus. Unicam - 929 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was used for heavy metals analysis and biodiversity index was calculated with Margalef, Shanon-Weiner and Simpson index. On the basis of the Shanon-Weiner index, Zoological garden had the highest species richness (2.75) while High-Rise (1.71) had the lowest species diversity. On the basis of the Simpson index (1-D), Faculty of Science had the highest species diversity (0.95) while High-Rise had the lowest diversity (0.75). Formicidae (21.60%), Gecarcinidae (13.77%) and Libellulidae (13.51%) were the families with the highest relative abundance in University of Lagos while Cercopithecidae (0.26%), Elapidae (0.34%) and Gryllidae (0.34%) were the families with least relative abundance. The result of the soil texture (particle size) of the various sampled zones indicated that sand is the dominant component with a mix of loam. Heavy metal mean concentrations of the soil samples from the University of Lagos indicated the presence of Pb (0.17 - 29.67 mg/kg), Ni (0.59 - 6.63 mg/kg), Mn (72.72 - 398.63 mg/kg), Cr (0.01 - 16.23 mg/kg), Cd (0.20 - 0.87 mg/kg) and Co (0.17 – 6.52 mg/kg). All heavy metals detected were below Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv) and European Union (EU) permissible limit for heavy metals in soils except Mn. Though, Mn is biologically important with low toxicity, there is need for consistent monitoring of the heavy metals so as not to pose a threat to the biodiversity of the study area.
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    Open Access
    91-day Oral Toxicity Evaluation of a Herbal Preparation Used in the Management of Breast Tumour in Southwestern Nigeria using Mice
    (Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2012) Oloyede, A. M.; Okpuzor, J.; Omidiji, O. O.
    Full texts attached
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    Open Access
    Ab-initio investigation of the electronic, lattice dynamic and thermodynamic properties of ScCd intermetallic alloy
    (World Scientific, 2016) Adetunji, B.I; Olayinka, A.S; Fashae, J.B; Ozebo, V.C.; Adebayo, G.A
    The electronic structures, lattice dynamics and thermodynamic properties of rare-earth intermetallic ScCd alloy are studied by the first-principles plane-wave pseudopotential method within the generalized gradient approximation in the framework of density func tional pertubation theory. The band structure, density of states, phonon dispersion frequencies, vibrational free energy Fvib, specific heat capacity CV and entropy are studied between 0 K and 1500 K. Finally, using the calculated phonon density of states, the thermodynamic properties are determined within the quasi-harmonic approximation and a value of 47.9 (J/mol · K) at 300 K for specific heat capacity of ScCd is predicted
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    Open Access
    Abundant Natural Resources, EthnicDiversity, and Inclusive Growth in sub-Saharan Africa: A Mathematical Approach
    (Department of Mathematics, Prairie View A&M University, USA., 2021) Ayoade, A. A.; Adenuga, J. I.; Ajide, K. B.; Odeleye, A. T.
    The sub-Saharan African region is blessed with abundant natural resources and diverse ethnic groups, yet the region is dominated by the largest number of poor people worldwide due to inequitable distribution of national income. Existing statistics forecast decay in the quality of lives over the years compared to the continent of Asia that shares similar history with the region. In this paper, a five-dimensional first-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation was formulated togiveinsightintovariousfactorsthatshapeddynamicsofinclusivegrowthinsub-SaharanAfrica. The validity test was performed based on ample mathematical theorems and the model was found tobevalid.Themodelwasthenstudiedqualitativelyandquantitativelyviastabilitytheoryofnonlinear differential equations which depended on the policy success ratio and classical fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme implemented in Maple, respectively. The results from the analysis showed that inclusive growth from abundant natural resources and ethnic diversity in sub-Saharan Africa was a function of policy reform whereby an increase in both equitable distribution of national income and accessibility of common man to the goods and services provided by the state to narrow inequality gap was accompanied with a low level of nepotism
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    Open Access
    Access Control Model for E-Health in a Cloud-Based Environment for HIV Patients in South Africa
    (IEEE, 2018) Azeez, N; Vyver, C.V
    Information about the rampant nature of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Africa, particularly South Africa is no more a news. There is a global awareness on this. In spite of the ubiquitous nature of this ailment, patients feel highly uncomfortable with the way and manner their sensitive and classified health information are being accessed and shared by different healthcare practitioners. HIV patients opined that information about them are vulnerable that people are using it against them. Although, the traditional security mechanisms have been adopted over the years to protect health data and patient information, researches have however shown that some of these approaches are suffering from several challenges such as platform dependency, isolation, cumbersomeness as well as inflexibility. Against these backdrops, this research aims at building a cloud-based access control model for sharing information across nine (9) provinces (The Eastern Cape, The Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, The Northern Cape, North West) in the Republic of South Africa among medical experts to ensure safety, security, reliability, dependability as well as flexile information sharing framework. This work is based on the adoption and usage of Role Based Access Control (RBAC) model, Access Control List (ACL) model and Motive Based Access Control (MBAC) model in a cloud-based environment. The implementation of the proposed framework will undoubtedly provide a unique and novel approach for achieving its primary aim and objectives.
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    Open Access
    Access Control Model for E-Health in a Cloud-Based Environment for HIV Patients in South Africa
    (IEEE, 2018) Azeez, N
    Information about the rampant nature of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Africa, particularly South Africa is no more a news. There is a global awareness on this. In spite of the ubiquitous nature of this ailment, patients feel highly uncomfortable with the way and manner their sensitive and classified health information are being accessed and shared by different healthcare practitioners. HIV patients opined that information about them are vulnerable that people are using it against them. Although, the traditional security mechanisms have been adopted over the years to protect health data and patient information, researches have however shown that some of these approaches are suffering from several challenges such as platform dependency, isolation, cumbersomeness as well as inflexibility. Against these backdrops, this research aims at building a cloud-based access control model for sharing information across nine (9) provinces (The Eastern Cape, The Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, The Northern Cape, North West) in the Republic of South Africa among medical experts to ensure safety, security, reliability, dependability as well as flexile information sharing framework. This work is based on the adoption and usage of Role Based Access Control (RBAC) model, Access Control List (ACL) model and Motive Based Access Control (MBAC) model in a cloud-based environment. The implementation of the proposed framework will undoubtedly provide a unique and novel approach for achieving its primary aim and objectives.
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    Open Access
    Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Water, Sediment and Fish Species in Ologe, Lagoon
    (Faculty of Agriculture, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Lafia Campus, 2016) Ayoola, S. O.; Agoro, T. O
    Fish inhabiting a polluted aquatic ecosystem tend to accumulate heavy metals in their tissues. Generally, accumulation depends on metal concentration, time of exposure, way of metal uptake, environmental conditions and intrinsic factors. This study was to investigate the metal accumulation in Sarotherodon melanotheron and Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus from the water and sediments at Ologe Lagoon for period of six months (April – September, 2014). The physicochemical parameters were determined according to AOAC and heavy metals such as zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr) were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The sequence of Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) for Sarotherodon melanotheron: Cr > Zn > Cd > Pb > Cu; while for Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus: Cu > Cr > Pb > Cd > Zn. The study showed that generally the metal concentration in the water and sediments bio accumulated in Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus and Sarotherodon melanotheron are higher in Cr, Cu, Zn, and Cd. While the Ni and Pb are less in the tissues and are regarded to be safe by WHO and FEPA. Fish at the Ologe Lagoon are still consumable though partially contaminated with slight increase in heavy metals influenced by anthropogenic activities. However, it is quite evident that there was bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish tissues and condition may get worse. Therefore, a regular monitoring of heavy metal levels in fishes is necessary.
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    Open Access
    Accumulation, tolerance and impact of aluminium, copper and zinc on growth and nitrate reductase activity of Ceratophyllum demersum (Hornwort)
    (Triveni Enterprises, Lucknow (India), 2008) Umebese, C. E.; Motajo, A. F.
    Ceratophyllum demersum (hornwort) was subjected to toxic concentrations of Al (3 and 9 mg l -1), Zn (3 and 9 mg l -1) and Cu (2.5 and 7 mg l -1) in culture solutions for 15 days. The higher dose of Al enhanced the chlorophyll content significantly (p<0.05) in the first 6 days of treatment while other treatments caused marked reductions. Nitrate reductase activity (NRA) was significantly reduced (p<0.05) by Al, Cu and Zn toxicity and ceased completely in plants treated with Cu by the 6th day of treatment. Dry biomass and relative growth rate were reduced significantly (p<0.05) by metal treatment. Tolerance index of the plant was low for Cu (21.62 and 13.43% at low and high doses, respectively) and moderate for Zn (63.74 and 54.85%) and Al (72.83 and 68.79%). Accumulation of Al, Zn and Cu was threefold at higher doses compared with the lower doses but the bioconcentration factors (BCF) were very low indicating that this plant is not a hyper accumulator of these metals.
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    Open Access
    Activity activity of the crude extracts of Alafia bateri Oliver (Apocynaceae) and Chasmanthera dependens Hochst. (Menispermaceae)
    (National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, 2004) Adekunle, A.A.; Okoli, S. O.
    Texts attached
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    Open Access
    Acute and Sub-acute Toxicity Profile of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Nymphaea lotus Linn (Nymphaeaceae) in Wistar Rats
    (Pharmacotherapy Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, 2015) Sharaibi, O. J.; Ogundipe, O.T.; Magbagbeola, O. A.; Kazeem, M. I.; Afolayan, A. J.
    Purpose: To evaluate the acute and sub-acute toxicity profile of the aqueous leaf extract of Nymphaea lotus L in Wistar rats. Methods: Acute toxicity study was performed by administering a single oral dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight of the extract to 5 rats while distilled water was given to another 5 rats (control), and the animals were observed for 14 days. Thereafter, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg doses of the extract were administered to different groups of 5 rats each daily for 28 days while control received distilled water. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed and the serum obtained was used for the assessment of haematological and biochemical parameters. Histological examination was also performed on the liver and kidney of the rats. Results: The concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (42.56 U/L), aspartate aminotransferase (126.01 U/L) and alkaline phosphatase (183.33 U/L) significantly decreased while creatinine (0.64mg/dL) and chloride ions (94.50 mmol/L) were significantly elevated (p < 0.05) compared to those of control following the extract treatment. Haematological parameters were not significantly different (p >0.05) from those of control except white blood cell count (7.80 × 109/L), lymphocytes (5.20 %) and monocytes (2.72 %) which were significantly elevated (p < 0.05) in the 100 and 200 mg/kg treated groups. Histopathology did not reveal any sign of lesions or pathological changes in the organs that could be attributed to treatment with the plant extract. Conclusions: These results suggest that the aqueous leaf extract of Nymphaea lotus may be safe for use at the doses tested.
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    Open Access
    Acute and Sublethal toxicities of selected trace elements on the haematological profile of Clarias gariepinus
    (Journal of Scientific Research and Development, 2020) Bawa-Allah, K.A; Awosanya, S.O; Saliu, J.K
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    Open Access
    Acute toxicity and genotoxicity of sublethal concentrations of sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium tripolyphosphate against Clarias gariepinus (The African Sharptooth Catfish)
    (Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Nigeria, 2020-06) Ogugba-Udume, F.C.; Sogbanmu, Temitope O.; Saliu, J.K.
    Personal care products (PCPs) are emerging pollutants which have been detected in aquatic environments and are potentially toxic to aquatic organisms. The acute toxicity of two (2) PCPs - sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) to fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus (the African Sharptooth Catfish) was evaluated over a period of 96 h. Furthermore, genotoxic (erythrocytic micronuclei frequencies) evaluations were conducted in juveniles of C. gariepinus exposed to sublethal concentrations of the test chemicals over a period of 28 days. The median lethal concentration of SLS and STPP to C. gariepinus was 14.75 mg/L and 861 mg/L respectively with SLS being x59 more toxic than STPP to C. gariepinus. Micronuclei frequencies in SLS-exposed fishes were significantly higher (p<0.05) at day 14 (3.44±1.08 ‰) and day 28 (5.78±1.18 ‰) compared to the control (day 14- 0.78±0.22 ‰; day 28- 1.56±0.29 ‰). However, in STPP-exposed fishes, micronuclei frequencies were significantly higher (p<0.05) at day 28 (4.11±0.89 ‰) only compared to the control. The study showed that non-target aquatic animals such as C. gariepinus might be at risk from exposure to these chemicals in surface waters from diffuse sources with SLS posing a higher risk than STPP. Targeted environmental management and advocacies are recommended to promote sustainability of life below water (United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14).
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    Open Access
    Acute Toxicity and Histopathological Effects of Engine Oil on Sarotherodon melanotheron.
    (International Digital Organization for Scientific Information, 2012) Ayoola, S. O.; Alajabo, O.T
    The lethal effects of engine oil effluent on Sarotherodon melanotheron was investigated using pathologic lesions in the gill, kidney and muscle. Five concentrations of 0.035, 0.07, 0.14, 0.21 and0.28 ml/l for 96hrs were used for the experiment. The randomized ANOVA for toxicity of the extract against S. melanotheron showed that there were significant differences in the test. The lethal concentration LC that caused 50% 50 mortality was approximately 1.12mg/l of the engine oil. Lesion observed in the gill epithelium exposed to at the different concentrations of the engine oil were dose dependent with the highest effluent concentration inducing the highest damages which include mild congestion, severe congestion and calcification of the gill. The Kidney tissues of S. melanotheron exposed to the engine oil effluents showed severe congestion, inflammation, cytoplasmic vacuolations which may have been due to glycolysis leading to microsomal and mitochondrial dysfunction. While the muscle tissues were normal even after the exposure. The entire test organism in the control showed inappreciable or no histologic degradation while their staining patterns and cellular arrangement remain unaffected. The result obtained showed that engine oil effluents pose a serious damage to S. melanotheron and was observed that acute concentration of engine oil effluents have histopathological effects on aquatic organisms. It can be deduced that indiscriminate discharge of industrial effluents into water bodies can induce damage to the tissue and organ, which might make the fish vulnerable to diseases and eventually lead to death of prominent edible species of the aquatic environment, Therefore there is need for the adoption of proper effluent treatment technology which would ensure proper treatment of industrial effluent and check the recurrence of oil spillage. Indiscriminate exposure of aquatic organisms to engine oil effluent should be discouraged.
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    Open Access
    Acute toxicity and histopathology of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings exposed to aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Euphorbia poissonii leaves
    (New Clues in Science, 2011) Ayoola, S. O.
    The lethal effect of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of Euphorbia poissonii on Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus were investigated. Five concentrations of each extract were tested. The concentrations for aqueous were; 20g/L, 40g/ L, 80g/L, 160g/L and 320g/L. The concentration for the ethanolic were; 0.01g/L,0.1g/L,1.0g/L,10.0g/L and 100g/L. The randomized ANOVA for toxicity of the extracts against Oreochromis niloticus showed that there were significant differences between all treatments (P< 0.05). The 96hours LC50 values of the aqueous and ethanolic leave extracts were 7.13g/L and 0.031g/L respectively. These results showed that the ethanolic extracts were more toxic than the aqueous extracts of Euphorbia poissonii. Histopathological effects were observed in the gill and muscle of Oreochromis niloticus in all concentrations of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts. Effects in the ethanolic extracts include generalized sub mucosal congestion and severe stunting of the secondary lamella in the gills and lesions on the muscles. The effect in the aqueous extracts includes degeneration of gills and necrosis on the muscle. It is also seen that aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Euphorbia poissonii have varying histopathological effects on Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings with increasing effects in higher concentration. The direct use of Euphorbia poissonii should be discouraged in a pond system except as a biological control to disinfect the pond from predators and it is to be used in low concentrations.
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    Open Access
    Acute Toxicity of Green Liquid Detergent to the Guppy (Poecilia reticulata) and Nile Tilapia Fingerlings (Oreochromis niloticus)
    (Journal of Scientific Research and Development, 2015) Lawal, M. O.; Nwaokoro, R. C.; Ohadike, K. P.
    The acute toxicity of green liquid detergent was investigated using Poecilia reticulata and Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings in a 96 h static renewal laboratory bioassay. The 96hLC50 values were 0.06 mL/L against guppy and 0.09 mL/L against tilapia respectively. On the basis of 96hLC50 liquid detergent was 1.5 times more toxic to P. reticulata than to O. niloticus fingerlings. Symptoms of toxicosis observed in fish after their exposure include lack of balance, difficulty in breathing, erratic swimming, restlessness, skin discolouration and bleeding through gills. Results are discussed on the basis of data available on the damage caused by the exposure of teleosts to green liquid detergent. Hence, the concept of safe disposal of wastewaters into the aquatic environment should be encouraged.
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    Open Access
    Acute Toxicity of Mercury (HgCl2) to African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus
    (Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 2012-03) Guedenon, P.; Edorh, A.P.; Hounkpatin, A.S.Y.; Alimba, C.G.; Ogunkanmi, L.A.; Nwokejiegbe, E.G.; Boko, M.
    In order to assess the acute toxicity of mercury on Clarias gariepinus, 108 fish of mean weight 51.27 g ± 2.01 and mean length 20. 2 cm ± 0.72 were divided into six groups of six fish each. The different groups were exposed to the different concentrations of 0 mg/L, 0.3 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L, 0.8 mg/L, 1 mg/L et 1.50 mg/L for a period of 96 hours. The experiment was triplicated. The results revealed that all the fish of groups exposed to 0 mg/L of HgCl2 (control) survived whereas all the fish of groups exposed to 1 mg/L and 1.5 mg/L died. The determination of 96 hours LC50 was carried out by computing the mortality results in Probit program of SPSS (version 17.0). The median lethal concentration was 0.60 mg/L with lower and upper confidence limits of 0.135 mg/L and 3.519 mg/L respectively at 95%
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    Open Access
    Acute Toxicity Of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Juveniles Exposed To Aqueous And Ethanolic Extracts Of Ipomoea aquatica Leaf
    (Nature and Science, 2011) Ayoola, S. O.; Kuton, M.P; Idowu, A.A; Adelekun, A.B
    The differential acute toxicity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Ipomoea aquatica leaf on Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus were carried out under laboratory conditions. The LC50 after 96hr of exposure for aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Ipomoea aquatica were 2.659g/L and 0.196g/L respectively. These values showed that ethanolic extract of Ipomoea aquatica was more toxic than its aqueous extract. Signs of agitated behaviours, respiratory distress and abnormal nervous behaviors including eventual deaths were observed in exposed fish. Control fish neither died nor exhibited any unusual behaviour. The randomized analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) in the quantal response (mortality) of O. niloticus to aqueous and ethanolic extracts of I. aquatica at 24hrs, 48hrs, 72hrs and 96hrs of exposure period. It was investigated that leaf of Ipomoea aquatica has piscicidal property and can be put into use in the control and management of fish ponds to eradicate predators by farmers.
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    Open Access
    Acute Toxicity of Piscicidal Plant Extracts (Adenia cissampeloides) on Tilapia (Sarotherodon galilaeus) Juveniles
    (Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, 2010) Ajani, E.K; Ayoola, S. O.
    Full texts attached
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    Open Access
    Acute toxicity of some nigerian crude oils on black jaw tilapia (Sarotherodon melanotheron) Juveniles
    (Fisheries Society of Nigeria, 2018) Omogoriola, H.O; Ayoola, S. O.
    Oil industry activities are sources of major contamination problems in Niger Delta. Pollutants from these activities have significant deleterious effects on aquatic organisms. The study investigated the LC50 values obtained from acute toxicity tests on Sarotherodon melanotheron using Oil- in-Water Dispersion (OWD) of the three selected Nigerian crude oils –Ebok, Meji and Erha. The acute toxicity concentrations of 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8ml/L, 0, 10, 15, 20, and 25ml/L and 0, 25, 37.5, 50 and 62.5ml/L were used to determine the 96h Lethal Concentration (LC50) of Ebok (heavy), Meji (light) and Erha (medium) crude oils respectively. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there were significant differences (p<0.05) in the quantal response of S. melanotheron to different concentrations of three crude oils at different hours of exposure. These results showed that 96LC50 values for OWD-Ebok, OWD-Meji and OWD-Erha crude oils on S. melanotheron were 0.56ml/L, 6.78ml/L and 24.82ml/L respectively. Based on the acute toxicity tests, Ebok with lower API (>22.30C) gravity was more toxic than other crudes on S. melanotheron. All crude oils were toxic to the fish; their discharge into the water bodies during crudes exploration and exploitation should be discouraged for a safety environment.