Faculty of Dental Sciences

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    Open Access
    Abutments and periodontal parameters in prospective denture wearers
    (Afr J Med Sci, 2021) AKINBOBOYE B.O
    Introduction: Dentures are common tooth replacement option and they may pose an increased periodontal risk to abutment teeth resulting in premature tooth loss. Aims and Objectives: To determine if a difference exists between periodontal parameters of abutment teeth, and non-abutment teeth on the same of the edentulous area in prospective denture wearers. Materials and methods: Consecutive partially edentulous patients demanding for removable partial denture were selected. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used and examination done with dental instruments - mouth mirrors, dental explorers and periodontal probes. Selected non-abutment teeth were adjacent to the abutment teeth on the same arch. Plaque assessment and periodontal pocket depths were done on the four surfaces (buccal, lingual, mesial and distal) of all abutment and non-abutment teeth excluding third molars. Probing depth estimated to the nearest minimum was recorded for the selected teeth, and data collected was analyzed with IBM SPSS 20. Student t tests and ANOVA were utilized. Results: Sixty-one participants with mean age of 60.9 ± 14.27 years, and age range from 21to71 years were seen. Thirty-six (59%) were male. Majority (96.8%) brushed with toothbrush only, 51.5% brushed once a day and 57.4% had Kennedy class III edentulous arches. Mean probing depth of abutment (2.40 ± 0.16 mm) and non-abutment teeth (2.24 ± 0.15 mm) varied significantly (p <0.001). Majority of those who brushed once daily and those who had Kennedy Class III edentulous spaces had poor Oral Hygiene (p <0.0001, p=0.03 respectively). Differences in the probing depth of abutment (F=0.46), non-abutment teeth (F = 1.11) and oral hygiene (F = 1.13, p=0.71, p=0.35, p = 0.34 respectively). Correspondence: Dr. B.O. Akinboboye, Department of Restoratve Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria. E-mail: bakinboboye@unilag.edu.ng Conclusion: Abutment teeth of edentulous spaces had poorer periodontal status than non-abutment teeth, suggesting increased risk for periodontal disease for prospective abutment teeth. Greater attention should therefore be given to these abutment teeth during oral hygiene measures in denture wearers. Location of edentulous space on dental arch have significant relationship with oral hygiene status.
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    Open Access
    Acceptance and perception of Nigerian patients to medical photography
    (2013-12-13) Adeyemo, W.L.; Mofikoya, B.O.; Akadiri, O.A.; James, O.; Fashina, A.A.
    The aim of the study was to determine the acceptance and perception of Nigerian patients to medical photography. A self‐administered questionnaire was distributed among Nigerian patients attending oral and maxillofacial surgery and plastic surgery clinics of 3 tertiary health institutions. Information requested included patients' opinion about consent process, capturing equipment, distribution and accessibility of medical photographs. The use of non‐identifiable medical photographs was more acceptable than identifiable to respondents for all purposes (P = 0.003). Most respondents were favourably disposed to photographs being taken for inclusion in the case note, but opposed to identifiable photographs being used for other purposes most especially in medical websites and medical journals. Female respondents preferred non‐identifiable medical photographs to identifiable ones (P = 0.001). Most respondents (78%) indicated that their consent be sought for each of the outline needs for medical photography. Half of the respondents indicated that identifiable photographs may have a negative effect on their persons; and the most commonly mentioned effects were social stigmatization, bad publicity and emotional/psychological effects. Most of the respondents preferred the use of hospital‐owned camera to personal camera/personal camera‐phone for their medical photographs. Most respondents (67.8%) indicated that they would like to be informed about the use of their photographs on every occasion, and 74% indicated that they would like to be informed of the specific journal in which their medical photographs are to be published. In conclusion, non‐identifiable rather than identifiable medical photography is acceptable to most patients in the studied Nigerian environment. The use of personal camera/personal camera‐phone should be discouraged as its acceptance by respondents is very low. Judicious use of medical photography is therefore advocated to avoid breach of principle of privacy and confidentiality in medical practice.
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    Open Access
    Accidental Denture Ingestion in Two Teaching Hospitals in Lagos
    (Lagos University Medical Society, 2019-06-01) Oremosu, O.A.; Olubi, O.O.; Akinola, M.D.; Adeyemo, W.L.
    BACKGROUND Accidental foreign body ingestion is a common cause for emergency treatment. Dentures can be accidentally ingested. OBJECTIVE This study investigated accidental denture ingestion, and management outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective study involving patients at 2 teaching hospitals in south-west Nigeria, who presented in the emergency room within a period of two years (2016-2018) with a previous history of wearing dentures were included. Information collected included patients’ demography, presenting complaints, investigations done, type of dentures/prostheses, surgical procedure performed and outcome. RESULTS A total of 20 cases were seen during the period of the study. The age range was from 28-75 years. More males 16 (80.0%) presented than females 4 (20.0%). Patients presented with pain on swallowing 9 (45.0%), while 11 (55.0%) gave a positive history of ingestion dentures. Dentures ingestion occurred more frequently while taking medications 12 (60.0%). Most patients (80.0%) presented with denture impaction in the upper oesophagus, while 3 (15.0%) were lodged in the hypopharynx. All dentures ingested were more often upper dentures 13 (65.0%) and made of acrylic with no metallic attachment. Most dentures were used for more than five years (76.5%). Radiographs showed widened prevertebral shadow in 13 (65.0%) patients, air trapping and widening of hypopharynx in 3 (15.0%). Seventeen of the 20 ingested dentures were successfully removed without complications. Complications included oesophageal perforation with secondary mediastinitis, and oesophageal mucosal tear without perforation. CONCLUSION Denture use after more than 5 years, with or without signs of lack of retention have a higher tendency to be ingested accidentally, leading to impaction in the upper oesophagus. The impacted denture can be successfully removed through oesophagoscopy.
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    Open Access
    Acutely inflamed socket: A post-extraction healing complication-clinical observation in 2 patients.
    (Pakistan Oral & Dent. Jr., 2004-12-01) Adeyemo, W.L.; Ogunlewe, M.O.; Ladeinde, A.L.
    Acutely inflamed socket as a complication of extraction socket wound healing is a very rare clinical entity worldwide. We report 2 patients with acutely inflamed socket following non-surgical extraction of permanent teeth. One of the patients had a positive history of hypertrophic I keloid scar.
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    Open Access
    Age and Reasons for First Dental Visit Among Children in Lagos, Nigeria
    (2019-09) Olatosi, O.; Onyejaka, N.; Oyapero, A.; Ashaolu, J.; Abe, A.
    Background: An early first dental clinic appointment offers the prospect of prompt preventative care and parental education regarding the oral health of the child. The evidence‑based recommendation by dental professionals all over the world is that a child should visit a dentist before or by 1 year of age. Aim: This study aimed to determine the chronological age at and the purpose for a first dental clinic visit amongst children aged 16 years and below attending the Paediatric Dental Clinic at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH). Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted amongst children who attended the Paediatric Dental Clinic at the LUTH between January 2017 and December 2018. Data on age at first dental visit, reasons for attending and other information relevant to the study were collected. Descriptive statistics and Chi‑square analysis were conducted, and the level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: A total of 1157 children were studied, comprising 580 (50.5%) males and 577 (49.9%) females. Their mean age on their first dental visit was 7.9 ± 3.7 years. Most of the children (31.4%) had their first dental visits at 7 and 9 years, and 0.8% of the children had their first dental visit below the age of 1 year. The most common reason for visiting the dental clinic was dental pain (33.1%). A higher proportion of the children (911 [79.0%]) had their first dental visit for therapeutic purposes, whereas 246 (21.0%) children visited the dental clinic for preventive care. Sex and age at first dental visit were statistically significantly associated with the reason for attendance (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Most children had their first dental visit between the ages of 7 and 9 years, mainly because of pain. It is necessary to create more awareness among parents/caregivers and to establish the concept of dental home.
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    Open Access
    Airway and respiratory complications in children undergoing cleft lip and palate repair
    (Ghana Med J, 2010-03-01) Desalu, I.; Adeyemo, W.L.; Akintimoye, M.; Adepoju, A.
    OBJECTIVES: Anatomical abnormalities associated with cleft lip and palate increase the risk of airway complications. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of intra-operative airway and respiratory complications during cleft lip and palate repair and identify risk factors. DESIGN: Observational study in which fifty consecutive patients undergoing cleft lip or/ and palate repair (CL, CP, CLP) were prospectively studied in a teaching hospital in Nigeria. Anaesthesia was achieved by the inhalational or intravenous route. Tracheal intubation was performed under deep inhalational anaesthesia or muscle relaxation. All patients were ventilated. Demographic data, airway and respiratory complications were documented. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 26.62± 4.71(SEM) months (median 11.50). Nineteen airway complications occurred in 16 patients (incidence - 38%) as failed and difficult intubation (2% respectively) which only occurred in CP surgeries, Tube disconnection (6%), Tube compression (2%), Accidental extubation (2%) and Desaturation (14%). Laryngeal spasm (6%) and Bronchospasm (4%) occurred in surgeries for CP repair only. Some patients had more than one complication. Complications occurred in 38.4% of patients having CP repair, 15.8% having CL repair and 50% having CLP repair (p=0.185). This was not influenced by weight nor age group (p = 0.076 and 0.400 respectively). CONCLUSION: Cleft repair had a high incidence of airway/ respiratory complications. More complications occurred with CP surgery. There is a need to ensure adequately skilled personnel and appropriate monitoring to minimise morbidity.
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    Open Access
    ALVEOLAR OSTEOTOMY FOR CORRECTION OF ANTERIOR OPEN BITE.
    (Pakistan Oral & Dent. Jr., 2002-12-01) Obisesan, B.O.; Nwoku, A.L.; Adeyemo, W.L.; Ogunsanwo, S.O.; Oluyadi, B.A.
    Changes in the intimate relationship of the jawbones lead to dentofacial deformities. Orthognathic surgical interventions attempt to return the hard and soft tissues to normal relationship and thereby enhance facial appearance in addition to improving function. Skeletal open bite is characterized by a noticeable vertical disproportion of the face with changes in the soft tissue and bone. Several suggestions for its correction have been made in the past; the original operation being described by Wassmund in 19357. This procedure is recommended in patients with marked anterior open bite and sound anterior teeth. The surgery is carried out in the upper first premolar region after which the anterior segment is repositioned.
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    Open Access
    Ameloblastic carcinoma: a multicenter Nigerian study.
    (Elsevier, 2010-09-01) Ndukwe, K.C.; Adebiyi, E.K.; Ugboko, V.I.; Ladeinde, A.L.; Okojie, V.N.; Ajike, S.O.; Olasoji, H.O.
    PURPOSE: To obtain a national profile on the prevalence and management of ameloblastic carcinoma in Nigerians. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were collected from the case files of patients with a histologic diagnosis of ameloblastic carcinoma from 4 tertiary referral centers in Nigeria from January 1980 to December 2008. RESULTS: Twenty patients were seen within the study period. There were 11 male and 9 female patients, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.2:1. Their ages ranged from 16 to 85 years (mean +/- SD, 41.63 +/- 19.8 years). The duration of the lesion before presentation was 6 months to 4 years. Twelve cases occurred in the posterior mandible alone, 1 case occurred in the anterior mandible alone, and 4 cases involved the anterior and posterior mandible. The posterior part of the maxilla was involved in 3 cases. A majority of the cases (17) occurred de novo, and 3 patients presented with carcinoma ex-ameloblastoma. Treatment included surgical resection with or without neck dissection. Eight patients declined treatment after diagnosis. Surgery was planned for 12 patients, but 2 patients died of intractable bleeding episodes before surgery. Mandibulectomies and maxillectomies were performed for 10 patients. Follow-up was carried out for 5 patients. Recurrence ranged from 6 to 96 months after the first surgery. Overall deaths recorded involved 6 patients. Three patients died within 3 years after the initial surgery and 1 patient died about 8 years after the initial surgery. One patient is still alive and well 1 year after surgery. CONCLUSION: Ameloblastic carcinoma is an uncommon malignancy. Most cases occur in the mandible and arise de novo. Early diagnosis and radical local excision remain the mainstay of treatment.
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    Open Access
    Ameloblastoma: analysis of 207 cases in a Nigerian teaching hospital.
    (Quintessence Publishing, 2006-01-01) Ladeinde, A.L.; Ogunlewe, M.O.; Bamgbose, B.O.; Adeyemo, W.L.; Ajayi, O.F.; Arotiba, G.T.; Akinwande, J.A.
    OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to review all the cases of ameloblastoma seen at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, between 1980 and 2003. METHODS AND MATERIALS: In this retrospective study, case files and biopsy reports of new cases of ameloblastoma covering a 24-year period were retrieved and analyzed for sex, age on presentation, histologic type, and site distribution. RESULTS: A total of 207 cases of ameloblastoma were seen in the given period. One hundred and ninety-eight (95.7%) were benign, and 9 (4.3%) were malignant. A male-to-female ratio of 1.1:1 was found. The average ages on presentation for ameloblastoma and ameloblastic carcinoma were 31.67 and 46.44 years, respectively. The lesion was found to be more common in the premolar-molar region of the mandible. The most common histologic type was follicular ameloblastoma (25.1%). Nine (4.3%) cases of ameloblastic carcinoma were also reported. CONCLUSIONS: Ameloblastoma with a predilection for the posterior mandibular region is relatively common in our environment. Sex and site distributions are similar to previous reports in the literature.
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    Open Access
    Ameloblastoma: current etiopathological concepts and management
    (John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2017) Effiom, OA; Ogundana, OM; Akinshipo, AO; Akintoye, SO
    Ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic tumor of epithelial origin. It is locally aggressive with unlimited growth capacity and has a high potential for malignant transformation as well as metastasis. Ameloblastoma has no established preventive measures although majority of patients are between ages 30 and 60 years. Molecular and genetic factors that promote oncogenic transformation of odontogenic epithelium to ameloblastoma are strongly linked to dysregulation of multiple genes associated with mitogen-activated protein kinase, sonic hedgehog, and WNT/b-catenin signaling pathways. Treatment of ameloblastoma is focused on surgicalr esection with a wide margin of normal tissue because of its high propensity for locoregional invasion; but this is often associated with significant patient morbidity. The relatively high recurrence rate of ameloblastoma is influenced by the type of molecular etiological factors, the management approach, and how early the patient presents for treatment. It is expected that further elucidation of molecular factors that orchestrate pathogenesis and recurrence of ameloblastoma will lead to new diagnostic markers and targeted drug therapies for ameloblastoma.
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    Open Access
    Ameloblastoma: the most common odontogenic tumour?
    (Niger J Med, 2004-10-04) Adeyemo, W.L.
    Is Amelobalstoma the most common odontogenic tumour worldwide? This article examines the prevalence of ameloblastoma in different parts of the world, most especially in Africans and Americans
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    Open Access
    Analysis of Elastic Tissue in Histological Variants of Pleomorphic Salivary Adenoma seen at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital over a period of 35 Years
    (West Africa Journal of Medicien, 2014-07) Effiom, OA; Olawuyi, AB; Olorunsola, KD; Olisa, AG; Odukoya, O; Ogundana, OM; Ajayi, OF; Odukoya, O
    BACKGROUND: Pleomorphic salivary adenoma (PSA), is known for its morphologic diversity. While reports of elastic tissue in PSA have been documented, the distribution of this tissue in histological variants of the tumour has not been documented. Perhaps such features may influence biological behaviour of these variants. OBJECTIVE: To classify PSA in our series into histological variants, and determine possible variation in elastic tissue distribution in them. METHODS: Eighty eight histologically diagnosed cases of PSA in the oral biopsy archives of the department of Oral Biology and Pathology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, were retrieved. New H&E sections were cut to reconfirm diagnosis and Verhoeff-Van Gieson's stained sections were cut for demonstration of elastic tissue. Seifert et al.'s (1976) histological classification was applied and elastic tissue presence was determined and quantified for each case. Parameters studied included; sex, age, site, histological subtypes and presence of elastic tissue. Statistical analysis was undertaken using the EPI-INFO version 3.4. RESULTS: Male:female ratio was 1:1.3. Most cases (63.6%) occurred in the age group of 21-40 years. Generally, palate (42.0%) was the most commonly affected site, while 53.4% of cases were in the minor salivary glands. Seifert et al. classified subtype II lesions were the most frequently observed (39.7%) and elastic tissue was confirmed in 91.0% of cases. No association was noted between proportion of elastic tissue and histological variants. CONCLUSION: Seifert et al subtype II was the most frequently observed and no association was observed between proportion of elastic tissue and the histological variant of PSA
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    Open Access
    Anteroposterior, vertical and space malocclusions in adolescents with special needs in Lagos, Nigeria
    (Odontostomatologie Tropicale, 2011) Utomi, IL; Onyeaso, CO
    Objective: To determine the prevalence of malocclusion in adolescents with special needs and to compare the results with those of other authors. Methods: The study sample consisted of 230 adolescents with special needs aged 12-17 years randomly selected from 5 special school/ centres in Lagos. Occlusal anteroposterior relationships were assessed based on Angle classification. Results: Normal occlusion was seen in 11.7%, Angle’s Class I malocclusion in 77.4%, Class II malocclusion in 8.3% and Class III malocclusion in 2.6%. Over 63% had normal overbites, and 6.5% and 12.5% had increased and reduced values, respectively. Overjet relationship was normal in 50%, increased in 25.7% and reduced in 6.5%. Crowding was observed in 29% of the subjects and midline diastema in 27%. Males had a significantly higher prevalence of midline diastema than females (p< 0.05). The intellectually impaired had significantly higher frequency of Class II division 1 malocclusion and anterior openbite when compared with the other disabled groups. Conclusion: Class I malocclusion is the most prevalent occlusal pattern among adolescents with special needs. Statistically significant differences in occlusal pattern were observed between the disabled groups.
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    Open Access
    Application of the research electronic data capture (REDCap) system in a low- and middle income country– experiences, lessons, and challenges.
    (Springer, 2021-09-25) Odukoya, O.; Nenrot, D.; Adelabu, H.; Katam, N.; Christian, E.; Holl, J.; Okonkwo, A.; Kocherginsky, M.; Kim, K.Y.; Akanmu, S.; Abdulkareem, F.B.; Anorlu, R.; Musa, J.; Lesi, O.; Hawkins, C.; Okeke, O.; Adeyemo, W.L.; Sagay, S.; Murphy, R.; Hou, L.; Ogunsola, F.T.; Wehbe, F.H.
    The challenges of reliably collecting, storing, organizing, and analyzing research data are critical in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa where several healthcare and biomedical research organizations have limited data infrastructure. The Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) System has been widely used by many institutions and hospitals in the USA for data collection, entry, and management and could help solve this problem. This study reports on the experiences, challenges, and lessons learned from establishing and applying REDCap for a large US-Nigeria research partnership that includes two sites in Nigeria, (the College of Medicine of the University of Lagos (CMUL) and Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH)) and Northwestern University (NU) in Chicago, Illinois in the United States. The largest challenges to this implementation were significant technical obstacles: the lack of REDCap-trained personnel, transient electrical power supply, and slow/ intermittent internet connectivity. However, asynchronous communication and on-site hands-on collaboration between the Nigerian sites and NU led to the successful installation and configuration of REDCap to meet the needs of the Nigerian sites. An example of one lesson learned is the use of Virtual Private Network (VPN) as a solution to poor internet connectivity at one of the sites, and its adoption is underway at the other. Virtual Private Servers (VPS) or shared online hosting were also evaluated and offer alternative solutions. Installing and using REDCap in LMIC institutions for research data management is feasible; however, planning for trained personnel and addressing electrical and internet infrastructural requirements are essential to optimize its use. Building this fundamental research capacity within LMICs across Africa could substantially enhance the potential for more cross-institutional and cross-country collaboration in future research endeavors.
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    Open Access
    An appraisal of the oral health care system in Nigeria
    (FDI World Dental Federation, 2012) Adeniyi, AA; Sofola, OO; Kalliecharan, RV
    Objectives: This study aimed to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the oral health care system in Nigeria and to outline broad policy options for strengthening the system. Methods: A critical appraisal of the oral health care system in Nigeria was conducted. The Maxwell criteria were used to assess performance. Results: There has been some progress and growth in the oral health care system in Nigeria. However, it is clear that the system falls short on many desirable attributes. The system is neither effective nor efficient and the resources available are grossly inadequate and are overstretched in many areas. The oral health care system is unresponsive to the needs of the populace and there is little stewardship of the system. Conclusions: Urgent action in the Nigerian oral health care system is required on the part of all stakeholders. The first step should involve the provision of adequate resources for the immediate implementation of the national oral health policy. There is also a need for more research on oral health-related issues in the country. Efforts towards improving the system must be properly coordinated by the Federal Ministry of Health and involve all stakeholders in the sector in order to achieve success.
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    Open Access
    Appropriateness of intra-operative blood transfusion in children at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital--an initial survey
    (Nig Q J Hosp Med, 2009-07-01) Desalu, I.; Kushimo, O.T.; Bode, C.O.; Adeyemo, W.L.
    BACKGROUND: The decision to transfuse intra-operatively is based on preoperative haemoglobin (Hb), estimated blood loss and physiological variables. The visual estimate of blood loss is notoriously unreliable especially with small volumes of blood losses in children. OBJECTIVES: We sought therefore to determine the appropriateness of intra-operative blood transfusion in a sample of children METHODS: All children requiring intra-operative blood transfusion between May and June 2008 were prospectively studied. Neonates and children already on blood transfusion at induction were excluded. Transfusion was prescribed at the discretion of the attending anaesthetist. The Estimated blood volume (EBV) and estimated blood loss (EBL)were determined. Appropriate transfusion was defined as blood transfusion at EBL > 15% of EBV, maximum allowable blood loss to PCV of 27% and pre-transfusion Hb < 8g/dl. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients were studied with a mean age of 4.16 +/- 3.59 years (Range 0.33-11 years). The mean preoperative PCV was 31.14 +/- 3.53% (range 25-34%). Twelve patients (48%) were appropriately transfused when MABL was calculated to PCV of 27%. Nine patients (36%) had appropriate blood transfusion at an EBL greater or equal to 15% of the EBV. Of the 12 patients that had pre-transfusion Hb measured, 2 (16.6%) were appropriately transfused at Hb < 8 g/dl. CONCLUSION: The use of near patient monitoring devices should be encouraged as this will give an accurate assessment of Hb and appropriate indication for transfusion. Equipment should be made available to perform gravimetric estimation of blood loss as the visual method is notoriously unreliable.
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    Open Access
    Appropriateness of removal of impacted lower third molars. A 2- year audit at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital.
    (Nig Q J Hosp Med, 2003-01-01) Ladeinde, A.L.; Ogunlewe, M.O.; Adeyemo, W.L.; Bamgbose, B.O.
    Prophylactic removal of impacted third molars in the absence of specific medical and surgical conditions has generated a lot of controversy among oral and maxillofacial surgeons. The first attempt to create simple but effective guidelines to aid decision-making about removal of impacted third molars was made at a National Institute of Health Conference in the USA in 1979. In 1997, the Faculty of Dental Surgery of the Royal College of Surgeons of England published guidelines for the management of patients with impacted wisdom teeth and these guidelines were endorsed by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) of England in March 2000. The purpose of this study was to assess whether these approved guidelines were being followed in considering impacted lower third molars for surgical extraction at the Oral and Maxillofacial Clinic of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital. A retrospective study of the 156 patients who had 160 impacted lower third molars surgically extracted between November 2000 and November 2002 was done. Patients’ records were reviewed for age, sex, and site, type and angulation of impaction, as well as reasons for surgical extraction. Most patients (66%) were in their third decade of life. Distoangular impaction was the most common (40.6%). The commonest reason for extraction was recurrent pericoronitis (62.5%). Only three (2%) extractions (one episode of pericoronitis and two asymptomatic lower impacted third molars) were considered unjustifiable based on the guidelines. Based on the result of this study, unjustifiable and prophylactic removal of impacted lower third molars was not a common practice in our clinic.
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    Open Access
    Are sterile gloves necessary in nonsurgical dental extractions?
    (Elsevier, 2005-07-01) Adeyemo, W.L.; Ogunlewe, M.O.; Ladeinde, A.L.; Bamgbose, B.O.
    PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to compare the incidence of healing complications of extraction socket with the use of sterile or clean nonsterile gloves during nonsurgical dental extractions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a randomized prospective study conducted at the exodontia clinic of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (Nigeria), between October 2002 and January 2003. Patients who were referred for nonsurgical extractions of permanent teeth and who satisfied the inclusion criteria into the study were randomly allocated into 2 groups. One group had their extractions performed with the surgeon wearing a pair of sterile gloves and the second group had their extractions performed with the surgeon wearing a pair of clean nonsterile gloves. Two hundred sixty-nine patients who had 301 teeth extracted and satisfied the inclusion criteria for socket healing assessment were assessed for postoperative socket healing. RESULTS: Three different types of socket healing complications were identified (dry socket, acutely inflamed socket, and acutely infected socket). A total of 32 patients (11.9%) developed socket healing complications. Nineteen of 122 patients in the sterile glove group and 13 of 147 patients in the clean nonsterile glove group developed socket healing complications (P = .09). CONCLUSION: The study confirmed that the use of sterile surgical gloves offers no advantage over clean nonsterile gloves in minimizing extraction socket healing complications following dental extraction. Therefore, nonsurgical dental extraction can be safely performed with the surgeon wearing clean nonsterile gloves.
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    Open Access
    Are systemic antibiotics necessary in the prevention of wound healing complications after intra-alveolar dental extraction?
    (Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg., 2016) Gbotolorun, O M; Dipo-Fagbemi, I M; Olojede, A O; Ebigwe, S; Adetoye, J O
    This double-blind, randomized controlled study was done to assess the necessity of systemic antibiotics in the prevention of wound healing complications after intra-alveolar dental extraction. A consecutive recruitment method was used to allocate participants to two treatment groups. Subjects in group A (antibiotics group, n = 75) received amoxicillin and metronidazole for 5 days postoperatively, while those in group B (placebo group, n = 75) were given identical-looking placebo drugs in place of the antibiotics. Postoperative socket healing complications, pain, and compliance with postoperative instructions were assessed postoperatively. Healing was uneventful in 129 patients (86%). Twenty-one patients (14%) developed wound healing complications. Dry socket was the most common complication in the antibiotics group (six subjects), while acutely inflamed sockets was the most common in the placebo group (five subjects). Non-adherence to postoperative instructions and postoperative pain were found to be significantly associated with the development of wound healing complications. The prescription of antibiotics after routine intra-alveolar dental extraction in healthy patients may not play any significant role in preventing wound healing complications. However, non-compliance with postoperative instructions might be associated with increased wound healing complication
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    Open Access
    Assault relted Maxillofacial injuries in Nigeria: A review of literature
    (2020) Oluwarotimi, A.C.O; Emeka, C.I; Gbotolorun, O.M.
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