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- ItemOpen AccessAdaptation to Water Stress in Nigeria Derived Savanna Area: The Indigenous Knowledge and Socio-Cultural Nexus of Management and Humanitarian Services(North American Business Press, Inc, 2014) Ayeni, A.O.; Soneye, A.S.O.; Badru, F.AClimate change exerts enormous impacts on natural resources both at the local and global scales. Its effects on water resources over the Sub-Saharan Africa includes sea-level rises, floods, droughts and water quality degradation. Communities in the rural areas are most disadvantaged through strains on means of livelihood and access to water, food and health facilities. The paper underscores the challenges of adapting to water stress from climate change and the implication on sustainability within the sociocultural context of the tropical rural environment. The findings suggest that indigenous culture and local perceptions are vital for sustainable crisis intervention.
- ItemOpen AccessAdaptive Capacity to Climate Change in the Nigerian Savannah(University of Lagos, 2015) Elias, P.O; Fasona, M.J; Adedayo, V.T; Olorunfemi, F.B; Oloukoi, GThis paper is based on the premise that the adaptive capacity of people and places are closely related to their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics which in turn determines their resilience. It examined the demographic and socioeconomic dimensions of selected agricultural communities in the Nigerian Savanna with the view to assessing their adaptive capacity to climate change. The Nigerian savannah has been largely altered by human related activities which have reduced its capacity to support the teaming rural farming communities and the livelihood systems in the region. Livelihood systems in the region are closely associated with terrestrial ecosystems and changes in global climate could exacerbates the conditions of the rural farmers. The methodology for the study was based on multistage random sampling technique and Rural Rapid Appraisal (RPP) of 11 communities across 10 Local Government Areas (LGAs) in two states of the southwest and north central Nigeria. Household survey, Key Informant Interview of traditional rulers and Government officials were carried out while an intensive Focused Group Discussion among all the actors was done. Both ex-ante and ex-post factors of gender, local knowledge and experience, education, income from farm and off-farm sources, ability to diversify, willingness to adapt, proportion of savings, and local adaptation mechanisms were identified and used to understand adaptive capacity of the local communities to climate change in the region. These factors provide an understanding of existing local actions which could point to future coping and adaption strategies given emerging challenges of climate change. By upscaling the local adaptive capacity it is possible to evolve regional and national policies for improving the resilience of rural agricultural communities.
- ItemOpen AccessAfrican Indigenous Knowledge Systems and the World(Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022) Ayeni, A.O.; Aborisade, A.G.Almost all cultures have bits of knowledge that have profound relevance that is enshrined in its historical contributions to the people’s livelihood and sustainability for centuries. From this perspective, it is therefore dangerous, if not oppressive, to hail any one method of investigation as universal. Furthermore, Knowledge is not exclusive to any race, tribe, or ethnic nationality; rather, it is a product of capability, intelligence, diligence, ingenuity, and endurance. Similarly, the solution to a problem is not necessarily unilateral; it could come from diverse sources; hence it has become cogent that knowledges from multiple sources be examined and tested to gauge their applicability in ameliorating the many emerging challenges that represent worries for mankind. The issue at hand has made it compulsory for humanity to refrain from any egos contest and embrace Knowledge irrespective of where it emanates. As discussed on the pages of this paper, African Indigenous knowledge is one such rich source of Knowledge that represents workable solutions on a variety of issues that have been tried, tested, and certified as excellent. Therefore, it will be criminal to keep ignoring this Knowledge without making concerted efforts at applying it to checkmate some of the self-created debacles that threaten our continuous existence.
- ItemOpen AccessAn Evaluation of Policy on Natural Resource Management and Its Impacts on Rural Livelihoods in Nigeria(Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Lagos, 2013) Adedayo, V.T; Fasona, M.J; Olorunfemi, F.B; Elias, P.O; Oloukoi, GThis paper provides an analytical review and evaluation of some of the major policy and programme documents related to climate change and natural resource management in Nigeria. .National policy documents on agriculture, forestry, environment, and energy and several national and state programmes and projects that are expected to address the nexus between climate change, natural resources management, poverty alleviation, rural livelihood and food security across communities were analyzed with the view to ascertaining how well the policies are connected, their successes, local appropriateness and challenges in facilitating innovation in ecosystem and natural management, response to climate change and improvement in rural livelihood. In addition, participatory rural appraisal was also carried out with 191 households in 11 communities across 10 LGAs in the wooded savannah to capture the perception of the rural communities on these policy and programme documents and the extent to which it has addressed some of the issues. The findings suggest that strategies to improve natural resources management, climate change conditions, rural livelihoods and food security are well articulated in the policy and programme documents, but evidence on the field suggests a disconnect between the these policies and the true situation on ground even decades after their implementation was supposed to have commenced. The lack of government-community partnership and incentives for community-driven initiatives appear to be a key issue in the lack of successful implementation of programmes that are aimed at improving rural livelihoods as community participation is central to any ecosystems and natural resource management project that wishes to positively impact rural livelihoods.
- ItemOpen AccessAnalysis of Algae Concentration in the Lagos Lagoon Using Eye on Water and Algae Estimator Mobile App(School of Environmental Sciences, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola (FUTY Yola), 2020) Ayeni, A.O.; Odume, J.I.Concentrations of chlorophyll and algae in the Lagos lagoon needs to be studied in order to get information on water properties such as water color which indicates life, sediments and dissolved organic matter with the help of eye on water mobile application. Also, information from the study of algae chlorophyll concentrations produces results on amount of chlorophyll a concentration in a body of water and predicts if there will be a likely occurrence of harmful algal bloom (HABs). The HABs issue is a condition when algae in aquatic system rapidly increases in density leading to high production of toxins that give out unappealing odors, shoreline scums and kill fishes. The mobile application is used to estimate algae concentration. The results show the water color of Lagos lagoon is greenish-brown which translates to high nutrients and phytoplankton (food) for aquatic life present and also Makoko possess higher amount of chlorophyll concentration than the other two areas (University of Lagos Waterfront and Ilaje-Bariga from which samples were gotten) reason why Makoko is a major fishing ground and why their locals are engaged in the primary activity. Based on the study conducted on algae chlorophyll concentrations it can be deduced that the Lagos Lagoon which is greenish brown in color, rich in nutrients and phytoplankton possesses moderate amounts of chlorophyll concentrations required to favor aquatic life. In addition, harmful algal blooms (HABs) does not occur, however precautionary measures to be taken if this is so are recommended in this research.
- ItemOpen AccessAn Analysis of Flood Risk and Defence in the Western Niger Delta.(SCIENCE PRESS, NEW YORK, USA., 2002) Fasona, M.J; Tejuosho, O.J; Odunuga, S.SThis paper employs Remote Sensing and GIS methodologies to study the vulnerability of the western Niger Delta to flood risk and reported that about 27percent and 63 percent of the land respectively lie below 1m and 5m above the mean sea level. It captures the different adaptive strategies employed by the local populations to respond to flood risk. The paper was published by the Science Press of New York as part of the peer-reviewed proceeding of Flood Defence 2002. It is no doubt a very good reading in local adaptive strategies to flood risk management
- ItemOpen AccessAppraisal of Charcoal Production Drivers in Ibarapa Region, Oyo State, Nigeria(National Centre for Energy and Environment, Energy Commission of Nigeria, UNIBEN, 2016) Daramola, A.O.; Ayeni, A.O.Decreasing oil supply and the attendant environmental challenges posed by its use have driven the search for more sustainable energy sources. Global concern on charcoal production is the concentration of informal production in small lots leading to massive tree clearing activities, which have implications for climate change. Wood supply systems are however complex and site specific. An adequate understanding of exploitation drivers is the basis for review of the sustainability of local systems. This study was aimed at evaluating the key drivers of charcoal supply from the rural areas of Ibarapa region and demand drivers in urban areas around the region. To appraise this, data were collected through participatory rural appraisal techniques of Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and structured interview/questionnaire. In addition personal and non-participant observations were used to gain visual understanding of production processes in the area. Results of the social survey indicated about 34,771.2 metric tons of the produce, evaluated at about N1.3 billion is transported out of the region annually. It also revealed that expanded income is the most significant supply side driver while alternative energy sourcing is the most significant demand side driver. Promotion of other alternative rural income sources and efficient production and utilization technologies coupled with adequate export level monitoring is suggested.
- ItemOpen AccessAn Appraisal of Sustainable Water Management Solutions for Large Cities in Developing Countries through GIS - A Case of Lagos, Nigeria(International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS), UK, 2005) Fasona, M.J; Omojola, A.S; Odunuga, S.S; Tejuosho, O.J; Amogu, NProvision of water for the population is a social responsibility of governments. Managing water resources to meet the target demands of the population requires various demand and supply optimizations. Geographic information systems (GIS) have been embraced to sustainably manage public water supply in most cities of the developed countries. The City of Lagos, which is growing at an annual rate of about 7%, is expected to increase by nearly ten million people between now and 2015. Hence, the task of providing potable water for this teeming population is great. This paper appraises the City of Lagos with its peculiarities, and the state of water provision and population growth. Less than 50% of water demand in Lagos is presently met through public water supply. While potable water production has increased by 61% over the 1977 figure, the population has increased by 320%. The prospects and framework required for managing water problems in Lagos through GIS are also examined.
- ItemOpen AccessAspects of Climate Change and Resource Conflicts in the Nigeria Savannah.(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), SWITZERLAND, 2007) Fasona, M.J; Omojola, A.S; Adeaga, O.A; Dabi, DThis study analyses the pattern of rainfall anomalies and its relation with ecosystems changes and vulnerability of rural communities in the Nigeria Savannah. 60-year observed rainfall data for 22 stations over the Savannah was analyzed for spatial and temporal anomalies. Ecosystems change analysis was done using 19-year two-time landcover data. A simplified vulnerability index using multicriteria analysis was developed for about 750 communities using ecological zone, settlement status, administrative status, and the degree to which communities are tied to the land as candidate variables. Results obtained showed that the 60-year long term annual mean and standard deviation for the Nigeria Savannah are 942mm and 270mm respectively. Correspondingly, the long term decadal mean and standard deviation are 976mm and 75mm respectively. The spatial pattern shows very high negative anomaly over the Sahel fringes and upper Sudan zones and high positive anomalies around the Guinea zones which reduce towards the lower Sudan zone. The influence of local perturbations is captured by the localized high positive anomaly around the highlands and very high negative anomalies around the inland basins. All the 4 stations in the Sahel zone and 6 in the upper Sudan zones recorded negative standardized rainfall. The temporal anomaly shows that the decades 1970s and 1980s are the driest in the Savannah over the last 60 years. Results from landcover and ecosystems changes indicate that general agricultural landuse increased by 20% between 1976 and 1995. In specifics, agricultural tree and crop production decreased by 30%, while rainfed arable crop production, extensive small holder rainfed agriculture with denuded areas, and extensive grazing areas increased by about 8000%, 129%,and 13% respectively. Water impoundments (reservoir and dams) increased by 115% and floodplain agriculture and irrigation agriculture increased by 110% and 572% respectively. Grassland increased by 121%, wood and shrublands decreased by about 37%, forest reduced by 17%, and aeolian sands and gullies increased about 428% and 15,000%. 231 of the sampled communities (23 in the Sahel zone and 208 in the Sudan zone) fall under the high vulnerability category. The spatial pattern of vulnerability of the communities to climate change and its effects clearly confirms that the trajectory of resource conflict in the Nigeria Savannah is towards the south of the Sudan zone. The paper also suggested necessary adaptation strategies to combat longterm implications of climate change in the Savannah.
- ItemOpen AccessAspects of natural resource use and adaptation to climate change in the Nigerian Savanna(Ibadan University Press, 2015) Fasona, M.J; Oloukoi, G; Olorunfemi, F.B; Elias, P.O; Adedayo, V.TThis study investigates indigenous knowledge and perceptions on natural resource use, climate change and adaptation among rural communities in the wooded savanna. It combines participatory rural appraisal with vegetal surveys and remote sensing and GIS analysis. The results suggest that communities’ perception on the climate is consistent with results from station data. 94% believes that the pattern of rainfall has changed and 91% believes the pattern of temperature has changed. Twenty-four tree species support the local livelihoods including construction, herbs and therapy, seed and fruit gathering, fuelwood and wood for production of charcoal. Community managed forest is scarce and no indigenous specie is cultivated on woodlot. Conflict in uses has put some local species in danger of extinction. Crop switch remains the most common form of adaptation to climate change but significant percent do not have any adaptation option. Communities are well aware of the threat of climate change and extinction of some local species and are willing to partner with other stakeholders for improved ecosystems management, but are not sufficiently mobilized. We consider that unraveling the key issues surrounding non-implementation of existing policy and programmes documents is primordial to mobilizing the rural communities to action.
- ItemOpen AccessAssessing the impact of global changes on the surface water resources of Southwestern Nigeria(Taylor & Francis, 2015) Ayeni, A.O.; Kapangaziwiri, E.; Soneye, A.S.O.; Engelbrecht, F.Understanding the relative impact of land use, land cover (LULC) and climate change (CC) on basin runoff is necessary in assessing basin water stress, for which long-term observed rainfall time series and LULC spatial data are required. However, there are challenges with the availability of spatio-temporal data, particularly the limited range of available historical hydro-meteorological measurements. The study used long-term (1961-2007) rainfall data to drive the Pitman monthly rainfall–runoff model to assess changes to the water resources of three basins in Nigeria—Asa, Ogun and Owena. Three CGCMs—CSIRO Mark3.5, MIROC3.2-medres and UKMO-HadCM3—dynamically downscaled to a 60 km by 60 km grid using the Conformal-Cubic Atmospheric Model (C-CAM) are used to simulate impacts of future climate changes on water resources. These three models were found suitable for simulating rainfall–runoff based on the insignificant differences of the modelled mean with mean of observed rainfall and temperature for pre-2010 data compared to other downscaled C-CAM models (GFDL-CM2.0, GFDL-CM2.1 and ECHAM5/MPI-Ocean model). The model results show increases in the runoff coefficient with decreases in forest cover between 1981 and 2007, with average runoff coefficients of 5.3%, 12.0% and 6.4% for Asa, Ogun and Owena basins respectively. Based on annual reduction in rainfall trend projected by CSIRO, MIROC and UKMO, the future scenarios revealed a low runoff coefficient for the three basins—Asa (CSIRO 6.0%, MIROC 6.0% and UKMO 5.9%), Ogun (CSIRO14.6%, MIROC 14.6% and UKMO 14.4%) and Owena (CSIRO 8.5%, MIROC 8.7% and UKMO 8.9%). In all scenarios, Asa basin has a lower runoff coefficient when compared to Ogun and Owena basins, indicating that future water stress in Asa basin would be much greater.
- ItemOpen AccessAssessing the impact of land use/land cover and climate changes on water stress in the derived savanna(International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS), 2013) Ayeni, A.O.; Kapangaziwiri, E.; Soneye, A.S.O.; Vezhapparambu, S.; Adegoke, J.O.Understanding the impact of land use/land cover (LULC) and climate patterns on basin runoff is necessary in assessing basin water stress. This assessment requires long-term observed rainfall time series and LULC spatial data. In order to assess the potential water stress, the study used long-term (1981–2007) rainfall data to drive the Pitman monthly rainfall–runoff model to assess changes in runoff for three selected basins in Nigeria: Asa, Ogun and Owena. In spite of the limitations in the availability of spatio-temporal hydro-meteorological data, the model results revealed commensurate increase in the runoff coefficient with decreases in forest cover between 1981 and 2000. Low runoff coefficients of 5.3%, 12.0% and 6.4% were recorded for Asa, Ogun and Owena basins, respectively, based on C-CAM projection of low rainfall for 2010–2050. These results indicated that in the future, water stress in Asa and Owena basins would be much higher, when compared with Ogun basin.
- ItemOpen AccessAssessment of Chlorophyll-a Concentrations in the Lagoon, Lagos State, Nigeria(Department of Geography, Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU), Ile-Ife, Nigeria, 2018) Ayeni, A.O.; Adesalu, T.A.; Aro, J.K.Remote sensing data is another possible option for mapping chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) present in all phytoplankton species. This study estimates chlorophyll-a concentration in Lagos Lagoon using Landsat 7 (ETM+) and Landsat 8 (OLI) data. Landsat data were first geometrically corrected. The techniques used were band rationing and regression modelling. The brightness values were converted to reflectance through the radiometric correction process, while the regression models, logarithmically transformed chlorophyll-a was used as the dependent variable. The single bands, band ratios and logarithmically transformed band ratios were used as the independent variables. Subsequently, the R2 values were computed and calculated using the results generated from regression models. The Chl-a concentration generated showed reasonable results but the concentrations across the study lagoon was impacted by the ocean current with distance from Atlantic Ocean. The study concluded that the Landsat 7 and 8 images were effective in estimating chl-a concentration and producing chl-a spatio-temporal map.
- ItemOpen AccessAssessment of Encroachments on 132kV High Voltage Transmission Line (HVTL) Right of Way (RoW) in Alimosho LGA, Lagos, 1983 – 2020.(The Department of Geography and Regional Planning, University of Benin., 2021) Wunude, E.; Soneye, A.; Fasona, M.; Akintuyi, A.Right-of-Ways (RoWs) are designed for developmental projects that might be harmful or injurious to the populace. The high voltage transmission line (HTVL) RoW is one of those projects designed to be devoid of any physical development or activity originally but are later encroached upon by other land uses illegally without recourse to the risks and safety implications. This study is a geospatial analysis of the extent of encroachment on the Oworonshoki 132kV HVTL RoW in Alimosho LGA, Lagos State. Topographic Maps and High-Resolution Imagery were obtained to extract the land cover/land use (LULC) of the RoW at a cadastral-level map scale of about 1:2,000 and detect changes on both sides of the HVTL within a 15m buffer from the centre of the line approved RoW by the Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCN) over the periods 1983-2020. A handheld Trimble Juno SC GPS was used to establish the required spatial data of each pylon, while a buffer analysis within the GIS environment was adopted to generate the required RoW extent. The results show that the Oworonshoki 132kV HVTL within the LGA is 8.143km in length, having 27 pylons that transverse eight towns within an acquired RoW of 40.9ha. In 1983, the area was dominated by cultivated lands with 35.8 hectares (87.6%) which was the only form of unrestricted activity there-in. However, in 2020, 36.3ha (88.7%) of the RoW has been illegally permeated with built-up areas. The study concluded on the poor encroachment enforcement and the health/safety implications of built-up areas around the HVTL.
- ItemOpen AccessAssessment of Encroachments on 132kV High Voltage Transmission Line (HVTL) Right-of-Way (RoW) in Alimosho LGA, Lagos, 1983 – 2020(UNIBEN, NIGERIA, 2021) Wunude, E.; Soneye, A.; Fasona, M.; Akintuyi, A.Right-of-Ways (RoWs) are designed for developmental projects that might be harmful or injurious to the populace. The high voltage transmission line (HTVL) RoW is one of those projects designed to be devoid any physical development or activity originally, but are later encroached upon by other land uses illegally without recourse to the risks and safety implications. This study is a geospatial analysis of the extent of encroachment on the Oworonshoki 132kV HVTL RoW in Alimosho LGA, Lagos State. Topographic Maps and High-Resolution Imagery were obtained to extract the land cover/land use (LULC) of the RoW at a cadastral-level map scale of about 1:2,000 and detect changes on both sides of the HVTL within a 15m buffer from the centre of the line approved RoW by the Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCN) over the periods 1983-2020. A handheld Trimble Juno SC GPS was used to establish the required spatial data of each pylon, while a buffer analysis within the GIS environment was adopted to generate the required RoW extent. The results show that the Oworonshoki 132kV HVTL within the LGA is 8.143km in length, having 27 pylons that transverse eight towns within an acquired RoW of 40.9ha. In 1983, the area was dominated by cultivated lands with 35.8 hectares (87.6%) which was the only form of unrestricted activity there-in. However, in 2020, 36.3ha (88.7%) of the RoW has been illegally permeated with built-up areas. The study concluded on the poor encroachment enforcement and the health/safety implications of built-up areas around the HVTL.
- ItemOpen AccessAssessment of land use/land cover dynamics using markov environment modeller for future change: Case of Epe LGA, Lagos Nigeria(Ibadan University Press, 2015) Ayeni, A.O.; Akintuyi, A.O.; Akindele-Igbekoyi, M.A.; Wunude, E.O.Wanton destruction of land cover for socioeconomic reasons has become a common phenomenon in the tropical rainforest region of the world and hence requires assessment. Therefore, this study combined LANDSAT multi-temporal data of 1984, 2000 and 2011 which were processed and classified into five - built-up land, forest land, agricultural land, wetland and waterbody using the maximum likelihood classification method Markov and CA Markov Environment modellers were used respectively to generate a transition probability information matrix and prediction map for the year 2050 with associated land use/land cover statistics. The results show that between 1984 and 2011 there had been a phenomenal change in agricultural land, forest land and waterbody with a reduction of 163 2%, 12.2% and 8.3% respectively, while built-up land and wetland increased by 968.2% and 136.3% within the same period. The result of the probability assessment reveals that built-up land, forest land, agricultural land, wetland and waterbody have 0.54, 0.12, 0.74, 0.09 and 0.89 chances respectively to retain their present sizes, and 0.46, 0.88, 0.26, 0.90 and 0.11 chances respectively to change to other classes in the year 2050. The CA Markov modeller for LULC projection revealed 20.44%. 6.09% and 16.15% proportions of the total land area as the potential sizes for built-up land, wetland and waterbody in 2050 as against 1.51%, 1.94% and 18 22% in that order in 1984. Forest land and agricultural land will have 51 50% and 5.82% in 2050 as against 65.95% and 12.39% respectively in 1984. Based on these results, this study suggested that there is the need for sustainable management and assessment of human immediate land use/land cover changes to maximize the benefits of environmental resources. Thus, regular monitoring with the help of remotely sensed data may serve as a very indispensable tool to assess the local environmental changes and interaction, ecosystem dynamics, emissions of CO, and global change.
- ItemOpen AccessAssessment of Maternal Health Intervention Programme of Delta State, Nigeria: Application of the U.N Process Indicators(2013) Babatola, O; Uriri, AArguing from the standpoint that maternal mortality ratio (MMR) alone does not constitute a sufficient indicator for assessing the performance of a maternal health intervention, the paper calls for a multi-dimensional approach. Employing such an approach and utilizing mainly secondary data, the paper examined the performance of the Delta State’s maternal-health intervention programme which commenced in 2007; cautiously comparing its pre and since-intervention eras. Among others, it discovered that the raw statistical values tend to give an impression that the period prior to intervention witnessed far better maternal health conditions than the period since-intervention. The paper explains the apparent contradiction before comparing the extent to which various results achieved by the intervention programme compares with the specified indicators of the UN in pursuant of Millennium Development Goal No5. It concluded by recommending necessary research and complimenting policy that would ensure that the intervention achieve the desired purpose.
- ItemOpen AccessAssessment of Potential Aerodrome Obstacles on Flight Safety Operations Using GIS: A Case of Murtala Mohammed International Airport, Lagos-Nigeria(Scientific Research Publishing, 2018) Ayeni, A.O.; Musah, A.; Udofia, S.K.The study focuses on the spatial analysis of the threat of potential Aerodrome obstacles on flight safety operations, in Murtala Mohammed Airport, Ikeja Lagos State. The study arises from the cases of flight safety in Nigerian airports which begins from the time passengers board the flight to the take-off time and location, the taxing of the plane and ends at the landing. The research employs GIS to model the 3D obstacles of the aerodrome, which demonstrated the ability in classifying the various threats on the aerodrome. The data acquired for this study ranging from primary data which included georeferencing of the obstacles that are found along the aerodrome with a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) to secondary data which included all base maps and satellite images. The spatial data conversion and manipulations were done using the ArcGIS 10.3.1 software. The 3D simulation of the obstacles was done in the ArcScene environment. To examine the spatial patterns of the obstacles around the aerodrome, the Average Nearest Neighbour Analysis (ANN) was used as statistical function from ArcGIS. The obstacles found within the MM2 aerodrome were grouped into the tolerant and non-tolerant ones. However, the finding shows that MM2 aerodrome conforms to ICAO standards and recommended practices. The study thus recommends strict daily monitoring of flight rout to mark objects for foundation on the non-tolerance zones.
- ItemOpen AccessAssessment of Urban Poverty, Water and Sanitation in Alimosho Local Government Area, Lagos State(Department of Geography, UNILAG, 2015) Ayeni, A.O.; Ogunyemi, E.O.In many parts of the world millions of people live in informal urban settlements especially in developing countries where lack of resources and inadequate infrastructural facilities lead to degradation of the environment. The aim of this study is to access and examine the incidence of poverty, water and sanitation in Alimosho LGA of Lagos metropolis. The study examined the disparities in the poverty severity experienced at different places over the study area which is being measured with some selected indicators. These indicators include economic, water and sanitation. Economic indicator considered the occupation type and average income of the household head for the measurement of urban poverty. Water indicator considered the source(s) of drinking water, the quality of the available water sources, and the proximity of population to the available water facilities. Sanitation indicator considered households' toilet facilities, households' waste type, households' waste collection & management, household waste disposal methods as well as waste evacuation rate. The study reveals that 44.1% and 38.6% of the population relied on boreholes and well respectively while the 51.6% travelled less than 50meter to get domestic water. Flush/Sewer and direct flush to septic tank are the most common toilet facilities in the area. The study also reveals that about 67.4% of the populations dispose their waste through LAWMA/PSP while 18.5% dump their wastes along in the open places/road sides. The study concluded that the Government Poverty Alleviation Programme should be restructured if not re-designed and should be centered on the 'basic needs' approach
- ItemOpen AccessBaseline ecosystems and sensitivity to oil impacts around the lower segment of Forcados River, western Niger Delta, Nigeria(Department of Geography, University of Lagos, 2011) Fasona, M.J; Soneye, A.S.O; Nwokedi, M; Oladeinde, MOil exploration has high potential to disrupt socio-ecological systems when not properly managed. Various techniques of impact analyses are normally adopted to safeguard ecosystems at various stages of resource exploration. This study attempts to create a simplified environmental sensitivity index mapping of ecosystems to hazardous chemical leakage in the oil rich lower Forcados area of the Niger Delta using Landsat image-derived ecology data integrated with biological and socio-economic data. These were ranked using multi-criteria analysis based on ecosystems productivity, oil-ecosystem interaction, ease of cleanup, importance of fauna species to rural livelihood, and human weight including frequency of interaction with an ecosystem. The final analysis was done within GIS. The result suggests mangrove ecology as possessing the highest sensitivity to oil activities and paved surfaces have the least.