Department of Building

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    Open Access
    Acceptability and Use of Innovative Bamboo Products for the Construction of Residential Buildings in Nigeria
    (International Journal of Technology, 2019-07-29) Ameh, J.O; Aliu, S; Oyediran, S
    The high cost and environmental and health hazards attributed to conventional building materials, coupled with the adverse effect of massive exploitation of forest resources for construction purposes, have necessitated the search for alternative construction materials that are eco-friendly, sustainable, economical and socially acceptable. This study aims to explore the acceptability and use of innovative bamboo products for residential building construction in Nigeria. One hundred and fifty-two survey questionnaires were distributed to built environment professionals within the Lagos region using the convenience sampling technique. The results show a likely disposition to the use of innovative bamboo products for building construction, except for roof beams and trusses, wall beams and columns, and composite roofing sheets. Major barriers to the acceptability and use of bamboo for construction include lack of knowledge about bamboo connections and detailing; the absence of governmental policy on bamboo as an alternative construction material; the absence of design standards for bamboo products; and poor public perception of the use of bamboo in building construction. The value of this study is that it provides an excellent platform for further research on the optimization of bamboo for construction, which will boost economic activities, reduce capital flight for the importation of machinery and the constituents of conventional building materials, and enhance the country’s GDP.
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    Open Access
    Application Software Used in Building Project Delivery in Lagos, Nigeria.
    (Journal of Engineering and Environmental Studies, 2013) Ameh, O. J.; Olufowobi, M. B.
    The study aimed at exploring the types of application software used in building project delivery in Nigeria. A survey research design was employed. Forty one construction professionals from building and civil engineering consultancy firms were sampled using Judgment sampling technique. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. AutoCAD top the list of preferred 2D and 3D architectural design software, Staad Pro top the of dominant structural analysis/design software, Microsoft Excel and Microsoft project was the most used cost estimating and project management software respectively. Ability to handle complex projects, timely completion of operation (speed) and opportunity to review and amend documents were ranked the highest benefits of computer software. Virus attack leading to data loss was the most significant barrier to the adoption of Information and Communication Technology in the building and civil engineering consultancy firms. The study will serve as a guide to tertiary educational institutions in the review of their curriculum in line with ICT needs of the industry. It also bridges the gap in literature on international construction practice in IT.The study provides insight into construction industry hiring requirements for new graduate, in terms of proficiency in dominant application software both locally and internationally.
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    Open Access
    Appraisal of Maintenance Management Strategies Used in Public Hospital Buildings in Lagos State, Nigeria
    (2007) Adenuga, O. A.; Iyagba, R. O.; Odusami, K. T.; Ogunsanmi, O. E.
    This study focuses on the evaluation of maintenance management strategies used in public hospital buildings in Lagos state. It also assesses the labour composition of maintenance operations. In achieving these objectives, opinions of maintenance officers of ten (10) hospitals in different local government areas of the state were sampled through well-structured questionnaires. The data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. From the analysis, the study reveals that majority of public hospitals do not have specific budget for maintenance programmes, maintenance policies, maintenance log book and maintenance manual to guide the operatives. About 98% of the sample does not understand the type of maintenance strategy used for their maintenance operations. 78% of the maintenance work are only executed when there is a breakdown or in response to users’ request. For labour composition, the cleaning of the interior and exterior of the building, inspection of building elements are mainly carried out by in-house staff, while the repair and replacement of equipment is by outsourcing. The study also reveals that executing maintenance programmes using outsourcing gives latest innovations in technologies to work done and better access to special skills than in-source. In-source method, gives reduction in cost of operation, higher security, more flexibility in staffing, better adjustment to workload fluctuation and reduction in equipment downtime than out-source. Both methods claim to produce special expertise in labour, better control of services and higher quality of work. The study recommends proactive measures such as providing necessary training and support for maintenance staff and users of these facilities and the provision of sufficient funds for maintenance programmes.
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    Open Access
    Appraisal of the Factors Affecting Effective Implementation of the National Housing Policy
    (2007) Akinsola, O. E.; Adenuga, O. A.; Iyagba, R. O. A.
    The study started by stating the importance of housing by narrating the historical background; the attendant cost of housing delivery, and appraised the factors affecting effective implementation of the National Housing Programme of 1991. The causative factors of inadequate housing provision such as imbalance in housing distribution, high cost of building materials and land use system were examined. The method adopted was based on probabilistic sampling analysis of data, and tested hypotheses. The findings revealed the unpreparedness of government in the execution of the programme. The various problems and constraints of the contractors who handled the projects were highlighted by the survey as fund, unsuitable contractual arrangement, materials diversion etc. The research recommended setting up of monitoring and evaluation committee for similar future undertakings, the substitution of local raw materials to reduce cost, elimination of bureaucracy in governance to reduce delay and payment of mobilization fee on production of certified performance bond.
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    Open Access
    Assessment of Factors Affecting Maintenance Management of Public Hospital Buildings in Lagos State, Nigeria
    (RICS, Georgia tech publishers, 2007) Adenuga, O. A.; Odusami, K. T.; Faremi, J. O.
    The study focused on factors affecting maintenance management of public hospital buildings in Lagos state. It also assessed the operational state of public hospital buildings within the study area. In achieving these objectives, opinions of maintenance officers and users of selected public hospital buildings were sampled through structured questionnaires. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The analysis revealed the operational state of public hospital buildings in Lagos State as been average, and there is no significant difference in the perception of the maintenance staff and the users as to the operational state. Maintenance officers and users of the buildings both ranked insufficiency of fund for maintenance programme as second most significant factor among other factors responsible for poor maintenance management of our public hospital buildings. Other factors found to be highly significant by the maintenance officers are; attitude of users and misuse of facilities, lack of discernible maintenance culture, inadequate training and reluctance of some establishment to support innovations. The users on their own perspective, ranked the inflation of cost of maintenance by the operatives, use of poor quality components and materials by the maintenance department and without long-term arrangements for the supply of essential parts for replacement as the most significant factor affecting maintenance management respectively. The study recommended proactive measures to reduce the occurrence of defects in the buildings elements and services. Governments are to provide adequate funding for the running of public hospitals and it should be a government policy that every hospital either public or private must have maintenance policy guiding the implementation of their maintenance programme. Building elements should be regularly inspected to ensure their functionality.
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    Open Access
    Assessment of Factors Affecting Maintenance Management of Public Hospital Buildings in Lagos State, Nigeria
    (2011) Adenuga, O. A.
    The study focused on factors affecting maintenance management of public hospital buildings in Lagos state. It also assessed the operational state of public hospital buildings within the study area. In achieving these objectives, opinions on maintenance officers and users of selected public hospital buildings were sampled through structured questionnaires. The data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The analysis revealed the operational state of public hospital buildings in Lagos State as been average, and there is no significant difference in the perception of the maintenance staff and users as well as to the operational state. Maintenance officers and users of the buildings both ranked insufficiency of fund for maintenance programme as second most significant factor ranked among other factors responsible for poor maintenance management of our public hospital buildings. Other factors found to be highly significant by the maintenance officers are; attitude of users and misuse of facilities, lack of discernible maintenance culture, inadequate training and reluctance of some establishment to support innovations. The users on their own perspective, ranked the inflation of cost of maintenance by the operatives, use of poor quality components and materials by the maintenance department and without long-term arrangements for the supply of essential parts for replacement as the most significant factor affecting maintenance management respectively. The study recommended proactive measures to reduce the occurrence of defects in the buildings elements and services. Governments are to provide adequate funding for the running of public hospitals and it should be a government policy that every hospital either public or private must have maintenance policy guiding the implementation of their maintenance programme. Building elements should be regularly inspected to ensure their functionality.
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    Open Access
    Assessment of Factors Generating Sick Building Syndrome in Ikorodu
    (2010) Adesanya, A. A.; Dekolo, S.; Adenuga, O. A.
    Planning has been very proactive in outdoor environmental issues with lesser emphasis on the indoor environments. However, large parts of our daily lives are spent indoors and the quality of life in any community is largely dependent on the internal and external condition of every building. Even though some natural factors such as climate and pollutants migrating from the outdoor environment are responsible for the discomfort and health problems within buildings, there are also man-made factors relating life-style, materials and product used for buildings, which could be of concern to the urban planners and the public. This study aims at examining the prevalence of Sick Building Syndrome generating factors within resident buildings in Ikorodu Local Government with an emphasis on building conditions and materials. In achieving this objective, the study adopted research survey technique with questionnaires administered to the occupants within the study area based on stratified random sanpling technique. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of the study revealed that the level of factors generating SBS examined is very high within the study area. Suggestions are made for legislation to strengthen existing development control efforts in the area of building regulations and product specifications for new buildings, maintenance of existing housing stock in the study area and in the larger society.
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    Open Access
    Assessment of Factors Influencing Facility Management Procurement Route in Lagos State, Nigeria
    (Journal of Surveying, Construction & Property, 2013) Faremi, J. O.; Adenuga, O. A.; John, I. B.
    Procurement of Facility Management (FM) services can be made through three main approaches; In-sourcing, Outsourcing or a combination of both In-sourcing and Outsourcing (Hybrid). The approach taken depends on the priority set by the organisation for the services to be procured amidst prevailing constraints and limitations. Many organisations follow a rule of chance approach in choosing a particular FM procurement option that seems right at the time and then wait to learn from the outcome later, this no doubt can come at a very high consequence to the organisation. This study therefore assesses the factors influencing the choice of procurement routes in facilities management. 75 structured research questionnaires were distributed, 55 were completed and returned representing a 73% response rate. The findings of this study shows that continuity and risk management are the most important factors influencing decision when considering in-house procurement route for FM services while reduced overhead and improved process responsiveness were ranked as top factors considered when outsourcing and choosing the hybrid routes respectively. It was recommended that organisations must strive to achieve efficiency in their service delivery for enhanced customer satisfaction.
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    Open Access
    Assessment of Maintenance Management Practices in Lagos and Ogun State Prisons of Nigeria
    (2010) Farinloye, O. O.; Adenuga, O. A.; Iyagba, R. O. A.
    The prison buildings and facilities on ground are few, in deplorable state and not environmentally friendly compared to the population of its inmates thereby making life in the prisons, too degrading, brutal and dehumanising. Congestion has consequences on the inmates, the prison system and the society. The study assesses the operational state and the factors affecting the maintenance practices. In the course of the study, structured questionnaire were administered to investigate maintenance managers and users, the prison officials in Lagos and Ogun state. Hypotheses relevant to assessment of prison maintenance practices were postulated to ascertain the significant differences in physical condition of prison buildings and the significant factors affecting prison maintenance practices. Data collected were analysed using mean scores, spearman’s rank correlation, and factor analysis. The study revealed that prison maintenance departments are short of staff and of low technical competences. There is a need to build more prison facilities especially for female inmates.
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    Open Access
    Assessment of Procurement Methods Used for Executing Maintenance Works in Lagos State
    (Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management, 2012) Adenuga, O. A.; Dosumu, O. S.
    The objectives of the study are to determine the procurement methods used by clients to execute maintenance works in Lagos state, identify the factors that influence the choice of those methods and establish the differences in the efficiencies of out-sourced and in-sourced maintenance. Out of the 60 questionnaires sent out to respondents, 34 (giving a response rate of 57%) were retrieved and used for the study. The 34 responses were obtained from randomly selected organizations like Local Authority Housing, Housing Association, Residential Managing Agent, Universities, Health Authorities and Private Commercial Property Owners. The results of the study show that direct labour, lump sum contract and traditional contract, cost reimbursement contract and measured term contracts, are the most commonly adopted procurement methods in Lagos state for maintenance works. Time duration, cost of project and quality level required, are the major factors influencing the choice of procurement methods. Others are risk allocation, price competition and flexibility of contract. Finally, better access to special skills, getting the latest technologies, higher quality work and higher security are the important efficiency factors for out-sourcing and in-sourcing.
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    Open Access
    Assessment of Risks Associated with The Procurement of Facilities Management Services in Nigeria
    (CIB W107 2014 International Conference, 2014) Faremi, J.O; Adenuga, O.A; John, I.B; Akinbode, A.T
    Facilities management (FM) services can be managed in-house, outsourced or partly in house and partly outsourced (Hybrid). Each of the FM procurement options possesses inherent risks of grave consequences. This study aim at assessing risks inherent in each of the procurement options for FM services. A structured questionnaire was used as the principal instrument for this study. 75 copies of structured questionnaires were distributed, 55 were completed and returned representing 73% response rate. Data for the study was processed and analysed using SPSS for both descriptive and inferential statistics. The analysis revealed risks with the highest level of potential occurrence in in-sourcing FM services as low labour productivity, overstaffing and poor accountability. While, threat to data security, loss of management controls and poor motivation are major risks in outsourcing FM services. This studv concludes that poor accountability and loll' labour productivity are major risk factors that cuts across all FM procurement routes that is capable of affecting employees' relationship and passion for work. Performance reward and regular account reconciliation are therefore recommended since this can either reinforce an outsourcing relationship or enhance an in-house retaining of FM services.
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    Open Access
    Assessment of the Correlation between the Quality of Building Materials and Strength of Concrete Members in the Building
    (International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 2018-03) Ogunde, Ayodeji, O.; Egbanubi, kehinde, C.; Ameh, John , O.; OPeyemi, Joshua
    The constituents of concrete have a significant amount of influence on the strength of concrete. Consequently, this research work addressed the use of compressive strength test to determine concrete strength. To achieve the aim, experiments were carried out on three different aggregate sizes-19mm, 16mm, and 13.2mm. The results showed the silt percent contained in each tested aggregate, 3% for fine aggregate, 1% for 13.2mm aggregate, and 0.05% for both 16mm and 19mm aggregate size. It also showed the moisture percent contained in the fine aggregate sample was 2.56%, the workability of the tested concrete of mix ratio1: 1 1 2 2 was 0.95, the Impact Value (toughness) of the aggregates; 9.01% for the 13.2mm size, 7.13% for the 16mm, and 7.95% for the 19mm size of aggregate. The compressive strength test showed that the 19mm size aggregate had the highest strength after each seven days. For the test on concrete members (column), Schmidt hammer test was carried out to determine the strength and variation in the workmanship of each tested column. The result of this research work showed that the 19mm aggregate had the most strength; and that the aggregate sizes influence the strength of the concrete. The research also showed that for each concrete member there is high variation in strength due to variation in workmanship. It is recommended that columns should be tested periodically for variation in strength to avoid building collapse.
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    Open Access
    Assessment of the correlation between the quality of building materials and strength of concrete members in the building
    (International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 2018) Ameh, J.O; Ogunde, A.O; Egbanubi, K.C; Joshua, O
    The constituents of concrete have a significant amount of influence on the strength of concrete. Consequently, this research work addressed the use of compressive strength test to determine concrete strength. To achieve the aim, experiments were carried out on three different aggregate sizes-19mm, 16mm, and 13.2mm. The results showed the silt percent contained in each tested aggregate, 3% for fine aggregate, 1% for 13.2mm aggregate, and 0.05% for both 16mm and 19mm aggregate size. It also showed the moisture percent contained in the fine aggregate sample was 2.56%, the workability of the tested concrete of mix ratio1: 1 1 2 2 was 0.95, the Impact Value (toughness) of the aggregates; 9.01% for the 13.2mm size, 7.13% for the 16mm, and 7.95% for the 19mm size of aggregate. The compressive strength test showed that the 19mm size aggregate had the highest strength after each seven days. For the test on concrete members (column), Schmidt hammer test was carried out to determine the strength and variation in the workmanship of each tested column. The result of this research work showed that the 19mm aggregate had the most strength; and that the aggregate sizes influence the strength of the concrete. The research also showed that for each concrete member there is high variation in strength due to variation in workmanship. It is recommended that columns should be tested periodically for variation in strength to avoid building collapse.
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    Open Access
    Assessment of the Determinant Factors of Do-It-Yourself (DIY) Maintenance Approaches to Housing: A Perspective of Owner-occupiers and Tenants
    (2011-09) Abisuga, O.; Adenuga, O.; Farinloye, O.
    The study assessed the practice of do-it-yourself (DIY) maintenance as a means of improving housing stock in Lagos state. The study identified the factors influencing and militating against the practice. In achieving the set objectives, the study adopted research survey technique. A total of 300 questionnaires comprising 160 for owner-occupiers and 140 for tenants were administered for the study. The population was selected from fifteen (15) local government areas in Lagos state, based on stratified random sampling technique. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of the study revealed that the factors influencing the practice of do-it-yourself (DIY) maintenance are; to provide a habitable environment, to retain the performance of facilities amongst others while the factors militating against the practice are; jobs involving special skills, health and safety issues, lack of technical know-how amongst others. The hypotheses postulated reveal that there is an association between the factors influencing the practice of do-it yourself (DIY) maintenance by the owner-occupiers and the tenants. There is also an agreement between the factors militating against the practice as perceived by the owner-occupiers and the tenants. Based on the findings, the study recommends vocational training for building users, building products should be user’s friendly, provision of DIY manual for products and tools that will facilitate the practice amongst others.
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    Open Access
    An Assessment of the State of Maintenance of Public Hospital Buildings in Southwest Nigeria
    (2009) Adenuga, O. A.; Ibiyemi, A.
    This study examines the state of maintenance of public hospital buildings in Southwest Nigeria, and in the process identifies the significant difference(s) in the operational state of Federal and State-owned public hospitals within the study area. In achieving the aim, the study adopts a survey technique with a total of 552 questionnaires, comprising 206 sampled maintenance staff and 346 users of public hospitals. The survey covers 46 public hospitals representing 40% of the total number of public hospitals existing in Southwest Nigeria. The 46 public hospitals consist of all the 11 Federal-owned hospitals and 35 randomly selected State-owned. Data collected are analysed using the Kendall Coefficient of Concordance and Pearson Chisquare. The findings of the study reveal that the state of maintenance of public hospital buildings is good. While the structure/fabric and physical conditions are rated highly, the services are poorly rated. This study, which hypothesises that there is no difference in the state of maintenance, finds statistical difference in the performance of the services. It recommends that Federal and State governments address neglect in the services sector and plan their maintenance programmes more effectively.
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    Open Access
    Awareness and benefits of self-curing concrete in construction projects: Builders and Civil Engineers perceptions
    (Buildings, 2018-08-14) Ameh, J.O; Nduka, D; Joshua, O; Ojelabi, R
    Self-cured concrete is a type of concrete with a special ability to reduce autogenous shrinkage responsible for early-stage cracking. It is useful generally for the construction of high rise buildings and bridges. The application and use of this technique of curing concrete, however, depends on the level of awareness among stakeholders regarding the application of the technique and its benefits among other factors. This study, therefore, sets out to investigate the level of awareness of selected construction professionals regarding the self-curing concrete technique in addition to the benefits. A cross-sectional survey design method was embraced by giving out 115 questionnaires to builders and engineers in Lagos who were purposely selected. The data was subjected to descriptive statistics. The results indicate that about 21% of selected builders and civil engineers practicing in Lagos are not aware and familiar with the concept of self-curing technology while about 43.1% of the professionals who have the knowledge of SCT have never used it in their professional practice. In addition, lower permeability, reduced coefficients of thermal expansion, and improved microstructures of cementitious paste were perceived as the dominant benefits of the self-curing concrete method. The implication of this study to construction professionals in Nigeria is in developing capacities on innovation practices in high-strength concrete technologies that will make them strike a balance with international counterparts.
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    Open Access
    Awareness and Benefits of Self-curing in Construction projects: Builders and Civil Engineers Perceptions
    (2018-08-14) Joshua, O; Ojelabi, R; Ameh, J.O; Nduka, D.O
    Self-cured concrete is a type of concrete with a special ability to reduce autogenous shrinkage responsible for early-stage cracking. It is useful generally for the construction of high rise buildings and bridges. The application and use of this technique of curing concrete, however, depends on the level of awareness among stakeholders regarding the application of the technique and its benefits among other factors. This study, therefore, sets out to investigate the level of awareness of selected construction professionals regarding the self-curing concrete technique in addition to the benefits. A cross-sectional survey design method was embraced by giving out 115 questionnaires to builders and engineers in Lagos who were purposely selected. The data was subjected to descriptive statistics. The results indicate that about 21% of selected builders and civil engineers practicing in Lagos are not aware and familiar with the concept of self-curing technology while about 43.1% of the professionals who have the knowledge of SCT have never used it in their professional practice. In addition, lower permeability, reduced coefficients of thermal expansion, and improved microstructures of cementitious paste were perceived as the dominant benefits of the self-curing concrete method. The implication of this study to construction professionals in Nigeria is in developing capacities on innovation practices in high-strength concrete technologies that will make them strike a balance with international counterparts.
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    Open Access
    Causes, Effects and Remedies of Errors in Nigerian Construction Document
    (2013) Dosumu, O. S.; Adenuga, O. A.
    Errors entail different meanings and usages depending on how it is conceptualized. The purpose of this paper is to determine the causes, effects and remedies of the errors in Nigerian construction documents. A structured questionnaire was administered on ninety consultants (Builders, architects, engineers and quantity surveyors) obtained from regulatory bodies of each profession. Forty four questionnaires were returned and this gives a response rate of 49%. The findings of the research show that clients are the major stakeholders responsible for the generation of errors in Nigerian construction documents. The causes of the errors are lack of adequate documentation, poor communication, negligence and changes to specifications among others and the effects on construction projects include project abandonment, delays, rework, dissatisfaction by project owners and lack of confidence in project consultants. The suggested solutions include provision of comprehensive information, good communication among project teams, effective and efficient project management, constructability, design review management and adequate financial provision. The study recommends that clients should allow adequate time for the preparation of construction documents and adopt appropriate procurement method. The designers were advised to engage in partnering while preparing construction documents.
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    Open Access
    CHALLENGES OF SCOPE DEFINITION FOR PROJECTS USING CONVENTIONAL CONSTRUCTION PROCUREMENT METHOD IN NIGERIA
    (Journal of Building Performance, 2015-03) Ameh, John , O.; Ogunyemi, A. B
    Embarking on capital project development without elaborate scope definition often results in disruption of production flow leading to rework, extension of project duration and cost overrun, and lowers the morale and productivity of the workforce. The major challenge facing most building and infrastructural projects in Nigeria is the absence of clearly defined project scope prior to construction project implementation. This study aimed at assessing the challenges and constraints to effective project definition in the Nigerian construction industry. Descriptive research design was adopted. Data were gathered through a survey questionnaire from Fifty-two construction professionals working in public organisations using purposive sampling technique. The data collected were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The result of the study revealed that project design parameters, project requirements, site information, project execution plan and business strategy are the five most important activity group required in project definition. The result also indicates that the major challenges militating against effective project definition are lack of knowledge of project definition process, initial problem represented by client’s information, insufficient time allocated to project definition, and information constraints among others. The practical implication of this study is that it highlights important activities that make a successful project scope definition and also major constraints faced by professionals during the scope development stage of projects
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    Open Access
    Characteristics of Concrete Produced with Lagoon and Atlantic Ocean Water
    (2011) Raheem, A. A.; Adenuga, O. A.; Afolabi, O. A.
    Dwellers along the coastline area of Lagos State, Nigeria, are exposed to abundant supply of the natural resources of Atlantic Ocean and Lagoon water and may not have the privilege of having potable drinking water at their disposal for producing concrete. This study evaluates the characteristics of concrete produced with Atlantic Ocean and Lagoon water. Concrete produced with Tap water (regarded as potable drinking water) serves as the control experiment. Compressive strength, Workability and Density, were used to evaluate the characteristics of concrete specimens. All the concrete samples have true slump with Lagoon water concrete having low workability and both Tap and Atlantic Ocean water concrete having medium workability. The concrete specimens produced with the three types of water fall into the category of normal weight concrete as their densities lie within the range of 2200 to 2600 kg/m3 specified. The 28th day compressive strength of concrete specimens produced with Atlantic Ocean, Tap and Lagoon water are 25.0 and 33.5 N/mm2, 17.9 and 28.6 N/mm2 as well as 15.1 and 19.4 N/mm2 for mix ratios 1:3:6 and 1:2:4, respectively. The very high compressive strength of concrete specimens produced with Atlantic Ocean water notwithstanding, the high chloride content in it is detrimental to its use where reinforced steel bars are required. It was concluded that Tap water should be used in mixing concrete where strength is of major concern and Lagoon water may be used for general concrete works where strength is of less importance such as in mass concrete, floor screed and mortar.