Department of Building

Permanent URI for this community

https://ir.unilag.edu.ng/handle/123456789/3566

Browse

Browsing Department of Building by Issue Date

Filter results by year or month
Now showing 1 - 20 of 83
  • Item
    Open Access
    Management of Labour Only Contracts in the Nigerian Construction Industry: Basis of Award and Execution
    (2003) Adenuga, O. A.
    Globalisation, the down town in the economy, with the resultant lean economic resources in Nigeria have led many clients, to adopt the labour-only contracting system as a means of saving cost. This is not only for piecework’s such as alteration and refurbishment, but for the construction of new projects. The paper focused on the management of labour-only contracting system by examining its method of planning, organization, control, coordination and implementation. The scheduling of the resources were also examined. Performances were monitored in the area of cost, time and quality. Opinions of the parties involved consisting of clients, contractors and consultants were sampled. Selective sampling procedures were adopted for the targeted population. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics. From the analysis, the paper concluded that the system is becoming an increasingly prominent feature of the construction labour market. The success largely depends on the cooperation between the parties involved. The paper also revealed that the system is innovative and cost effective, but it could be confrontational, complex and uninspiring. When there is a breach of contract, this could result into delay and cost over-run.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Quality, Time and Cost Performance of Labour Only Contract in Some Selected Cities in Nigeria
    (2006) Adenuga, O. A.; Akinsola, E. O.; Soyingbe, A. A.
    Labour only contract is one of the methods of project procurement. In this method, the client provides all the building materials while the contractor, who is responsible for the work is charged with the provision of the labour force (skilled and unskilled). This study focuses on the performance of this method of project procurement in terms of the time taken to deliver a project, the quality of the project and its cost. The review of literature on this study revealed that the system has grown in popularity over the years because it affords the client the opportunity of buying the building materials himself and so, ensuring that quality materials are bought. Usually most of the projects involved are small and medium in scale. It ensures close monitoring of the project by the clients. The study however discovered that time is not saved nor cost drastically reduced as perceived by the client unless certain checks and provisions are put in place. The study suggests that professional knowledge of materials and construction should be at the disposal of the client for him to reap the full benefit of this method. The result of the three hypotheses propounded for the study shows that: a) There is no time saved in project delivery by the method. b) There is no cost reduction. c) There is a negative correlation between the level of satisfaction with the quality of the project by client and the satisfaction level of the contractor.
  • Item
    Open Access
    An Evaluation of Housing Conditions and Livability in Festac Town Housing Estate (Phase 1)
    (2006) Ibiyemi, A. O.; Adenuga, O. A.
    Festac Town Housing Estate (Phase 1) was conceived and executed in the 70’s as a masterpiece in term of providing mass housing, livable environment and complimentary infrastructure facilities. This study uses the purposive and stratified sampling and the instruments of interview, and questionnaire schedule to a sample population of 210 Festac residents to investigate the livability in the Estate with particular reference to condition of buildings and international building amenities are generally good, while infrastructure facilities are in satisfactory condition. Rents for vacant accommodation, water / tenement rates, and public transportation are quite high but largely affordable. However, 52% of the sample residents are willing to trade off security and access to work place, by relocating elsewhere but are constrained by the initial costs of securing alternative accommodation. The work concludes that, in spite of the harsh economic climate, the Estate is able to meet the needs and aspirations of its residents
  • Item
    Open Access
    Appraisal of the Factors Affecting Effective Implementation of the National Housing Policy
    (2007) Akinsola, O. E.; Adenuga, O. A.; Iyagba, R. O. A.
    The study started by stating the importance of housing by narrating the historical background; the attendant cost of housing delivery, and appraised the factors affecting effective implementation of the National Housing Programme of 1991. The causative factors of inadequate housing provision such as imbalance in housing distribution, high cost of building materials and land use system were examined. The method adopted was based on probabilistic sampling analysis of data, and tested hypotheses. The findings revealed the unpreparedness of government in the execution of the programme. The various problems and constraints of the contractors who handled the projects were highlighted by the survey as fund, unsuitable contractual arrangement, materials diversion etc. The research recommended setting up of monitoring and evaluation committee for similar future undertakings, the substitution of local raw materials to reduce cost, elimination of bureaucracy in governance to reduce delay and payment of mobilization fee on production of certified performance bond.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Assessment of Factors Affecting Maintenance Management of Public Hospital Buildings in Lagos State, Nigeria
    (RICS, Georgia tech publishers, 2007) Adenuga, O. A.; Odusami, K. T.; Faremi, J. O.
    The study focused on factors affecting maintenance management of public hospital buildings in Lagos state. It also assessed the operational state of public hospital buildings within the study area. In achieving these objectives, opinions of maintenance officers and users of selected public hospital buildings were sampled through structured questionnaires. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The analysis revealed the operational state of public hospital buildings in Lagos State as been average, and there is no significant difference in the perception of the maintenance staff and the users as to the operational state. Maintenance officers and users of the buildings both ranked insufficiency of fund for maintenance programme as second most significant factor among other factors responsible for poor maintenance management of our public hospital buildings. Other factors found to be highly significant by the maintenance officers are; attitude of users and misuse of facilities, lack of discernible maintenance culture, inadequate training and reluctance of some establishment to support innovations. The users on their own perspective, ranked the inflation of cost of maintenance by the operatives, use of poor quality components and materials by the maintenance department and without long-term arrangements for the supply of essential parts for replacement as the most significant factor affecting maintenance management respectively. The study recommended proactive measures to reduce the occurrence of defects in the buildings elements and services. Governments are to provide adequate funding for the running of public hospitals and it should be a government policy that every hospital either public or private must have maintenance policy guiding the implementation of their maintenance programme. Building elements should be regularly inspected to ensure their functionality.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Appraisal of Maintenance Management Strategies Used in Public Hospital Buildings in Lagos State, Nigeria
    (2007) Adenuga, O. A.; Iyagba, R. O.; Odusami, K. T.; Ogunsanmi, O. E.
    This study focuses on the evaluation of maintenance management strategies used in public hospital buildings in Lagos state. It also assesses the labour composition of maintenance operations. In achieving these objectives, opinions of maintenance officers of ten (10) hospitals in different local government areas of the state were sampled through well-structured questionnaires. The data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. From the analysis, the study reveals that majority of public hospitals do not have specific budget for maintenance programmes, maintenance policies, maintenance log book and maintenance manual to guide the operatives. About 98% of the sample does not understand the type of maintenance strategy used for their maintenance operations. 78% of the maintenance work are only executed when there is a breakdown or in response to users’ request. For labour composition, the cleaning of the interior and exterior of the building, inspection of building elements are mainly carried out by in-house staff, while the repair and replacement of equipment is by outsourcing. The study also reveals that executing maintenance programmes using outsourcing gives latest innovations in technologies to work done and better access to special skills than in-source. In-source method, gives reduction in cost of operation, higher security, more flexibility in staffing, better adjustment to workload fluctuation and reduction in equipment downtime than out-source. Both methods claim to produce special expertise in labour, better control of services and higher quality of work. The study recommends proactive measures such as providing necessary training and support for maintenance staff and users of these facilities and the provision of sufficient funds for maintenance programmes.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Exploring Application of Programme Budgeting Management Technique in Construction Companies.
    (2007) Oladiran, O. J.; Adenuga, O. A.
    A survey was conducted on a sample of seven construction companies in Lagos State to investigate the extent of usage of a management technique: Programme Budgeting. It is a type of management technique that can be used to solve planning problems related to projects’ budget and expenditure. The study reveals that project planning problem exist averagely in construction companies; the usage of technique is very low; four reasons were adduced to its non-usage and; as many as six ‘alternative techniques’ that are used in-lieu of it are observed. The study therefore recommends its usage to combat planning problems.
  • Item
    Open Access
    A Study of Facilities for Physically Disabled People in Public Buildings in Nigeria
    (2007) Soyingbe, A.; Ogundairo, A. M.; Adenuga, O. A.
    Human beings are physically disabled some time in their lives. Those who remain healthy and without disability all their lives are few. Thus, public buildings should be accessible and barrier-free to both able and disabled people. Disabled people find it difficult to gain access into and operate freely without assistance in many public buildings in Nigeria. The study took inventory of facilities available for disabled people in public buildings. The inventory covered the identification and ascertaining the functional state of the facilities. A total of 257 public buildings were studied. The results show that major facilities required by disabled people are lacking in many public buildings. Some of the facilities identified in few public buildings are in poor state of operation. However, absence of these key facilities restricts the activities of people with physical disability. Hence, they cannot work and become productive as tax-paying members of the nation. Due to shortfall or perhaps total neglect in provision of these facilities, their movement, competence and talents are being restricted. These equally constitute a barrier in the development of their abilities. The society at large is deprived of the abilities and talents in people with disabilities.
  • Item
    Open Access
    An Assessment of the State of Maintenance of Public Hospital Buildings in Southwest Nigeria
    (2009) Adenuga, O. A.; Ibiyemi, A.
    This study examines the state of maintenance of public hospital buildings in Southwest Nigeria, and in the process identifies the significant difference(s) in the operational state of Federal and State-owned public hospitals within the study area. In achieving the aim, the study adopts a survey technique with a total of 552 questionnaires, comprising 206 sampled maintenance staff and 346 users of public hospitals. The survey covers 46 public hospitals representing 40% of the total number of public hospitals existing in Southwest Nigeria. The 46 public hospitals consist of all the 11 Federal-owned hospitals and 35 randomly selected State-owned. Data collected are analysed using the Kendall Coefficient of Concordance and Pearson Chisquare. The findings of the study reveal that the state of maintenance of public hospital buildings is good. While the structure/fabric and physical conditions are rated highly, the services are poorly rated. This study, which hypothesises that there is no difference in the state of maintenance, finds statistical difference in the performance of the services. It recommends that Federal and State governments address neglect in the services sector and plan their maintenance programmes more effectively.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Comparative Analysis of Design & Build and Traditional Procurement Methods in Lagos, Nigeria
    (2009) Ibiyemi, A. O.; Adenuga, O. A.; Odusami, K. T.
    Design-Build (D&B) is a method of obtaining construction services where a single organisation is retained to provide architecture/ engineering and construction services under one contract. This contrasts with the more Traditional Procurement Approach (TPA) where an architect or engineer prepares drawings and specifications and the owner separately engages a contractor through a competitive bidding or negotiated process. Research shows that there has been a continuous increase in the use of D&B over the past 15 years. A random sample of 40 respondents with an average of 20 years experience in the construction industry in Lagos, Nigeria, drawn from Managing Directors, Construction Managers, Chief Engineers, and Contractors in six different types of construction projects was taken. The survey results indicate that D&B was rated to perform better where time, cost, quality, comprehensiveness, suitability to different types of construction projects, and acceptability were of the essence and the project was highly complex. D&B is recommended subject to a more stringent contractor-selection process in order to assess reliability, sincerity, honesty and understanding of the needs of the owner.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Assessment of Factors Generating Sick Building Syndrome in Ikorodu
    (2010) Adesanya, A. A.; Dekolo, S.; Adenuga, O. A.
    Planning has been very proactive in outdoor environmental issues with lesser emphasis on the indoor environments. However, large parts of our daily lives are spent indoors and the quality of life in any community is largely dependent on the internal and external condition of every building. Even though some natural factors such as climate and pollutants migrating from the outdoor environment are responsible for the discomfort and health problems within buildings, there are also man-made factors relating life-style, materials and product used for buildings, which could be of concern to the urban planners and the public. This study aims at examining the prevalence of Sick Building Syndrome generating factors within resident buildings in Ikorodu Local Government with an emphasis on building conditions and materials. In achieving this objective, the study adopted research survey technique with questionnaires administered to the occupants within the study area based on stratified random sanpling technique. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of the study revealed that the level of factors generating SBS examined is very high within the study area. Suggestions are made for legislation to strengthen existing development control efforts in the area of building regulations and product specifications for new buildings, maintenance of existing housing stock in the study area and in the larger society.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Assessment of Maintenance Management Practices in Lagos and Ogun State Prisons of Nigeria
    (2010) Farinloye, O. O.; Adenuga, O. A.; Iyagba, R. O. A.
    The prison buildings and facilities on ground are few, in deplorable state and not environmentally friendly compared to the population of its inmates thereby making life in the prisons, too degrading, brutal and dehumanising. Congestion has consequences on the inmates, the prison system and the society. The study assesses the operational state and the factors affecting the maintenance practices. In the course of the study, structured questionnaire were administered to investigate maintenance managers and users, the prison officials in Lagos and Ogun state. Hypotheses relevant to assessment of prison maintenance practices were postulated to ascertain the significant differences in physical condition of prison buildings and the significant factors affecting prison maintenance practices. Data collected were analysed using mean scores, spearman’s rank correlation, and factor analysis. The study revealed that prison maintenance departments are short of staff and of low technical competences. There is a need to build more prison facilities especially for female inmates.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Effective Maintenance Policy as a Tool for Sustaining Housing Stock in Downturn Economy
    (2010) Adenuga, O. A.; Olufowobi, M. B.; Raheem, A. A.
    The study considered how effective maintenance strategies could serve as a tool for sustaining housing delivery in periods of economic recession. It identified the causes of neglect of maintenance responsibilities in some selected government institutions, ministries, parastatals and public estates within Lagos metropolis and to develop adequate maintenance implementation strategies for these buildings. In achieving these objectives, opinions of (30) randomly sampled maintenance officers of selected government institutions, ministries, parastatals, and occupiers of selected public estates were collected using structured questionnaires and personal interviews. Data analysis indicated that lack of discernible maintenance culture in the country; lack of emphasis on training, retraining and continuing education on effective maintenance by establishment are the major reasons for neglect of maintenance responsibilities. The study also revealed that majority of the population studied provides budgets for maintenance operation but this was found to be inadequate. The study recommended proactive approaches to maintenance by providing guidelines for maintenance checklist operations on key building elements, frequencies for maintenance operations, and operatives required for effective implementation.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Demand Indicators for Estimating and Predicting Electricity Consumption in Residential Buildings: A Case Study of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
    (2010) Olufowobi, M. B.; Adenuga, O. A.; Olanipekun, E. A.
    The study examined the trend of electricity consumption in residential buildings with a view of developing models for predicting the energy consumption. Each higher institution of learning in Nigeria spends a considerable percentage of overhead expenditure on payment of energy bills. In most cases, the derived income from the residential sector is far below the actual expenditure expended by the management due to lack of adequate statistical records and flat rate system of billing adopted. In order to provide solution in the trend, a purposive sampling technique was adopted whereby; the electricity consumption in a sample of houses within the study area is studied. Energy consumption in this sector was monitored for a period of twelve months and the results were analysed using correlation and regression analysis. Models were developed to predict the energy consumption in the staff houses. The results show that the energy use pattern in these houses can be predicted accurately and this has contributed to providing an input into the income and expenditure budget. The results show also that with the knowledge of the prevailing tariff, the models developed can be used to estimate the electricity cost ascribed to individual houses in the residential sector of public institution buildings and similar houses where statistical record are not available and accessibility is a problem.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Labour Composition for Maintenance Works in Public Hospital Built Environment in South-West, Nigeria
    (2010) Adenuga, O. A.
    The study examined the labour composition for maintenance works in the public hospital buildings in South-West, Nigeria, and in the process identified if there are any significant differences in the execution of maintenance works using outsourcing and in-house labour. In achieving the objective, the study adopted research survey technique with a total of 552 questionnaires comprising 206 for maintenance staff and 346 for users of public hospital collected and used for the study. The survey covered 46 public hospitals representing 40% of the total number of public hospitals existing in South-West, Nigeria. It comprises all the 11 federal owned hospitals and 35 selected states owned based on stratified random sampling technique. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of the study revealed that there is no variation in the work performed by the use of in-source and outsourced labour. However, maintenance staff rated the use of insource better than outsource in that it is found to produce higher quality and better quality control of services, reduction in cost while outsourced gives an understanding of latest technologies with better access to special skills. Based on the above findings, the study recommends that maintenance staff should be well motivated. For optimum results, maintenance departments need to adopt sound policies, as this will provide appropriate basis for preparing budgets will that meet the actual maintenance needs of the hospital buildings and services. Maintenance managers are to do their best to prepare realistic need-based budgets while the government should make efforts to improve funding for hospital maintenance. Inefficiencies and inflexibility through the imposition of bureaucratic impediments to operational effectiveness should be avoided in hospital environment due to the sensitivity of the services being rendered. Maintenance staff and users of hospital buildings should be given opportunities for further training on their jobs also on effective use of hospital facilities.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Significant Factors Causing Cost Overruns in Telecommunication Projects in Nigeria
    (Journal of Construction in Developing Countries, 2010) Ameh, O. J.; Soyingbe, A. A.; Odusami, K. T.
    Information and Communication Technology (ICT) provides enormous benefits to economic development. However, cost overruns are a worldwide phenomenon and pose a serious threat to the development of telecommunication infrastructure, which is the platform for ICT. It is imperative to examine the possible factors that could lead to cost overruns, in order to avert the associated catalytic effects on the development of other sectors of the economy. This study involves a questionnaire survey of 42 factors that were identified as having the potential to cause cost overruns in 53 telecommunication projects that are scattered over the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria. The results indicated that construction-related factors top the list of categories that cause cost overruns in telecommunication projects. The following factors were identified as major causes of cost overruns and are ranked in their order of importance: the lack of contractor experience on the telecommunication projects, the high cost of imported materials and the fluctuation in the prices of materials that are necessary for the telecommunication projects. The study recommends that contingency provisions should be put in place to mitigate these factors at the project conception stage.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Poor Maintenance Culture of Hospital Buildings in Lagos State, Nigeria
    (2010) Ajayi, O. O.; Adenuga, O. A.
    The performance of hospital buildings and their components depends to a large extent on continuous and planned need to identify the causes of lack of maintenance responsibilities among maintenance staff users of hospital building and construction professionals. Level of significance were identified through administered questionnaire, hypotheses were postulated to know the relationship that exists between the identified level of significance of causes of lack of maintenance responsibilities of maintenance staff and construction professionals and to determine whether there is difference in state of maintenance identified by users and maintenance staffs. Significance level of causes of lack of maintenance was identified using mean item score. The result indicated that there is relationship between identified level of significance of causes of decay and lack of maintenance by maintenance staffs and construction consultants. There is significant difference in the state of maintenance identified by maintenance staff and users of public hospital buildings. This study identifies various factors that cause lack of maintenance responsibilities in order of their significance level.
  • Item
    Open Access
    The Use of Rice Husk Ash as Partial Replacement for Cement in Concrete
    (2010) Adenuga, O. A.; Soyingbe, A. A.; Ogunsanmi, O. E.
    The study examines the use of rice husk ash as partial replacement for cement in concrete by determining various properties of rice husk ash through laboratory experiments. The objective of the study includes, determining the specific gravity of RHA, the effect of RHA on compressive strength of concrete and on properties of concrete such as density and workability. The results of the study revealed specific gravity of 2.36 for the RHA used. The use of RHA in the mix caused a significant decrease in the study compared with concrete produced with only OPC. The water absorbing quality of RHA is a major physical property which affects the workability of OPC/RHA concrete. Compressive strength tests carried out on OPC/RHA concrete at varying ages to 28 days and at varying water cement ratios appear to indicate that the material is adequate for concrete making. In addition, OPC/RHA concrete gain strength faster as a result of reduction in porosity caused by RHA. At 28 days, specimens with 0.6 water cement ratios gave strength greater than 20N/mm2 (min) required for structural purposes as recommended by CP 110. Rice husk is a loose raw material for construction industry which is produced daily as waste and it can be obtained at a much lower cost than the cement which it replaces. Also, its usage should minimize the disposal problems faced by the producing companies and enhance environmental protection.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Professionals’ Ambivalence toward Ethics in the Nigerian Construction Industry
    (ASCE Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, 2010-01) Ameh, John , O.; Odusami, Koleola, T.
    Following the growing consensus within and outside the Nigerian construction industry that corruption and other unethical practices are endemic in the industry, coupled with scarce empirical study on professional ethics in the industry, there is a need to examine the perceptions of the professionals regarding ethical issues. This study therefore assesses the perceptions of construction professionals regarding ethical issues in the Nigerian construction industry. One hundred and ninety two professionals were sampled from 108 construction organizations comprising 55 consultancy organizations, 35 contracting organizations, and 18 client organizations in selected Nigerian major cities. A survey research design was employed. Descriptive statistics were used in analyzing the data. The results indicate that there is a decline in unethical practices within the industry compared to the pre-1999 era. The more common form of bribery is financial. Quantity surveyors were perceived as the most susceptible to bribery among the professionals in the industry. The builder/construction manager faces the greatest pressure to act unethically among the professionals in the construction industry. The study recommends that professional institutions should give more priority consideration to ethical discourse at technical sessions, public lectures, and seminars. Furthermore, project financiers should ensure adequate and prompt remuneration for professional services. Since the quantity surveyors are perceived as the most susceptible to bribery, clients should ensure that their discretionary powers in the procurement of building projects are limited or subjected to third party verification. Finally, additional research is needed to explore the types of measures that might help curb professionals’ unethical practices in Nigeria.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Nigerian Building Professionals’ Ethical Ideology and Perceived Ethical Judgement
    (Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 2010-09) Ameh, John , O.; Odusami, Koleola, T.
    In recent years, Nigeria is often cited in the international media in connection with corruption and other unethical practices. The professionals in the Nigerian building industry are not immune from the perceived national trend in ethical erosion. Moral philosophy or ethical ideology has been used to explain individuals‘ reasoning about moral issues and consequent behaviour. This study examines building industry professionals‘ ethical ideologies with a view to understanding their ethical behaviour in professional practice. In carrying out this investigation, building professionals in clients‘ organisations, contracting and consultancy organisations within the industry were asked to respond to the Ethics Position Questionnaire (EPQ) designed by Forsyth in order to determine their idealism and relativism level. Subsequently, they were classified into one of four groups, representing different ethical ideologies. The result indicates that the dominant ethical ideology of building industry professionals is situationism. The study predicts that the attitude of building industry professionals in practice, given the current socio-political and economic situation of Nigeria would possibly be unethical because of the extreme influence situational factors have on their behaviour. This finding is a bold step and necessary benchmark for resolving ethical issues within the industry and should be of interest to policy makers. It is also useful for intra professional ethical comparison.