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- ItemOpen AccessConstructivist Practices through Guided Discovery Approach: The Effect on Students' Cognitive Achievements in Nigerian Senior Secondary Shoool Physics(University of Sofia, 2009) Akinbobola, A.O; Afolabi, FThe study investigated constructivist practices through guided discovery approach and the effect on students’ cognitive achievement in Nigerian senior secondary school Physics. The study adopted pretestposttest control group design. A criterion sampling technique was used to select six schools out of nine schools that met the criteria. A total of 278 students took part in the study; this was made up of 141 male students and 137 female students in their respective intact classes. Physic Achievement Test (PAT) with the internal consistency of 0.77 using Kuder-Richardson formula (21) was the instrument used in collecting data. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and t-test. The results showed that guided discovery approaches was the most effective in facilitating students’ 233 achievement in physics after being taught using a pictorial organizer. This was followed by demonstration while expository was found to be the least effective. Also, there exists no significant difference in the achievement of male and female physics students taught with guided discovery, demonstration and expository teaching approaches and corresponding exposure to a pictorial organizer. It is recommended that physics teachers should endeavor to use constructivist practices through guided discovery approach in order to engage students in problem solving activities, independent learning, critical thinking and understanding, and creative learning, rather than in rote learning and memorization.
- ItemOpen AccessConstructivist Problem Based Learning Technique and the Academic Achievement of Physics Students with Low Ability Level in Nigerian Secondary Schools(Eurasian Journal of Physics and Chemistry Education, 2009) Afolabi, F; Akinbobola, A.OThe study investigated the effects of constructivist problem based learning technique on the academic achievement of physics students with low ability levels in Nigeria secondary schools. Pre-test-Post-test control group design was adopted for the study. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 2 schools out of 40co-educational secondary schools in Taraba state. 105 senior secondary school II physics students were used for the study. Physics Achievement Test (PAT) and physics Ability Level Test (PALT) were used to collect data. The kuder-Richardson coefficient of internal consistency for PAT and PALT were 0.72 and 0.76 respectively. Three hypotheses were tested at p<0.05 level of significance using t- test analysis. The result of the findings showed that the physics students with low ability level taught with problem based learning technique performed significantly better than those taught with conventional learning method. Also, student taught with problem based learning technique performed significantly better than those taught with conventional method. There was no significant gender difference in the performance of students taught with problem based learning technique. It is recommended that problem-based learning technique should be used in schools to teach various concepts in physics.
- ItemOpen AccessAnalysis of Science Process Skills in West African Senior Secondary School Certificate Physics Practical Examinatios in Nigeria(University of Sofia, 2010) Afolabi, FThis study analyzes the science process skills in West African senior secondary school certificate physics practical examinations in Nigeria for a period of 10 years (1998-2007). Ex-post facto design was adopted for the study. The 5 prominent science process skills identified out of the 15 used in the study are: manipulating (17%), calculating (14%), recording (14%), observing (12%) and communicating (11%). The results also show high percentage rate of basic (lower order) science process skills (63%) as compared to the integrated (higher order) science process skills (37%). The results also indicate that the number of basic process skills is significantly higher than the integrated process skills in the West African senior secondary school certificate physics practical examinations in Nigeria. It is recommended that the examination bodies in Nigeria should include more integrated science process skills into the senior secondary school physics practical examinations so as to enable the students to be prone to creativity, problem solv 33 ing, reflective thinking, originality and invention which are vital ingredients for science and technological development of any nation.
- ItemOpen AccessDiabetogenic Effect of Pregnancy in Sprague-Dawley (SPD) Rats: Potential use as Experimental Model of Human Gestational Diabetes(2010) Taiwo, I.A.; Adewumi, O.O; Odunlade, A.K.; Ogunkanmi, L.A.; Odeigah, P.G.C.The effect of pregnancy on the pattern of oral glucose tolerance was investigated using Sprague-Dawley (SPD) rats. Adult virgin, timed-pregnant and non-pregnant rats were subjected to brief ether anaesthesia after 18- hour overnight fasting period to allow for oro-gastric administration of glucose load at 3.0g/kg body weight (b. wt.) as 30% solution. Glucose concentration determined from the tail blood shows that the starting glucose concentration of the pregnant rats was 6.9+0.4 mmol/l, a significantly higher (P<0.05) value than 5.8 mmol/l, the starting blood glucose concentration of the non-pregnant animals (Controls). The peak blood glucose level attained at the 60th minute was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the pregnant rats (13.5+0.3 mmol/l) as compared to that of the non- pregnant rats (8.5+0.3 mmol/l). After 120minutes, the blood glucose level of the non-pregnant rats dropped to a near starting level while the corresponding value in the pregnant rats remained comparatively higher (P<0.05). Assessment of the rate of appearance and disappearance of glucose in the blood and the determination of glucose response and glucose tolerance indexes (GRI and GTI) respectively showed that pregnancy caused poor glucose utilization in the rats. The results of this short-term study suggest that pregnancy is largely diabetogenic in Sprague- Dawley (SPD) rats. The diabetogenic effect of pregnancy did not necessitate administration of any other diabetogenic agent such as streptozotocin or fructose. Thus, pregnancy induced diabetes in this strain of rats may have potential value as model of gestational diabetes in human.
- ItemOpen AccessEnvironmental problems and their impact on people's health:The Nigerian context(Brill Sense, 2012-01-01) Ajiboye, J.O.; Afolabi, F.Full texts attached
- ItemOpen AccessProduction of bioethanol from agro-waste hydrolyzed with cashew nut shell extract(International Research Journal of Biotechnology, 2013) ADEKUNLE, A.A.; OSUNTOKI, A.A.; OKUNOWO, W.O.; EBABHI, A.M.This study examines the lignocellulytic activities of the ethanol extract of Anacardium occidentale empty nut shell on some agricultural waste. The enzyme activity assay was carried out on the extract obtained. This was measured as micromole sugar released per min. Pretreatment and natural acid saccharification was done using the extract. The result obtained showed that the enzyme activity (µ/ml) for β-1,4-exoglucanase, β -1,4-endoglucanase and xylanase was maximum 3.70 ±0.43, 0.95 ±0.03 and 2.32 ±0.10, respectively. While maximum reducing sugar yield for the waste was from sugarcane chaff (491mg/g) and rice husk gave the lowest amount of 46mg/g. Bioethanol produced was highest in sugarcane chaff (20.70±1.40g/L) at 72 hr of incubation using the yeast Pichia caribbica (IMI 398400) and lowest in rice husk (3.22±3.22g/L) with the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus (IMI 398399). This study showed that the ethanol extract of cashew nut shell is capable of producing cellulases and xylanase enzyme. The fermentation of hydrolysates obtained from the pretreatment and natural acid saccharification can give considerable amount of bioethanol thus assisting in effective waste management.
- ItemOpen AccessEffectiveness of Career Development and Cognitive Reframe Therapy on Irrational Career thoughts among Secondary School Students. The African Symposium(The African Symposium: An online journal of the African Educational Research Network, 2013-12) Adegun, A.O.; Aremu, O.Choosing a professional career is an important step that influences the aspirations of students. Students sometimes are unable to make a decision about the career they wish to pursue later in life. Career practitioners in Nigeria have observed that most secondary school leavers in Nigeria often make poor career decisions due to unrealistic vocational aspirations. Despite vast researches on adolescents’ career problems, irrational career thought remain largely understudied within the field of vocational psychology in Nigeria. This study examined the effectiveness of Career Development (CD) and Cognitive Reframe (CR) therapy in reducing irrational career thoughts of secondary school students. A sample of 96 Senior Secondary School one students with irrational career thoughts were purposively selected from three randomly selected Senior Secondary Schools in Ogun State Nigeria. There were two treatment conditions (CD and CR) that lasted for seven weeks. Career Thought Inventory (α = 0.86) was use to collect data. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance. There was a significant main effect of treatment on dysfunctional career thoughts of secondary school students. CD and CR were found to be effective in reducing irrational career thoughts of secondary school students. Implications of these on career development in Nigeria were discussed.
- ItemOpen AccessSurvey and Phytochemical Analyses of Plants Use for the Treatment of Childhood Diseases in Ojo Lga, Lagos State.(International Journal of Herbal Medicine, 2014) EBABHI, A.M.; ADEOGUN, O.O.; ADEKUNLE, A.A.The local use and phytochemical analyses of plants used for the treatments of some children’s diseases were conducted in Ojo local government in Lagos state, the area is predominantly of Awori stock. The information was gathered via unstructured questionnaires; the information gathered was used to prepare decoctions with liquid remains of processed grind maize (Omi Idun) for the treatment of diseases in children. The decoctions were later screened and determined for phytochemical constituents. The survey of the plants indicated forty four species of plants belonging to twenty eight families used for the treatment of impetigo, convulsion, shortage of blood, typhoid fever and haemorrhoids in children. The prepared decoctions showed the presence of phenol having the highest quantity among the constituents for the treatment of impetigo, flavonoid in blood supplement, tannin in typhoid, cardiac glycosides in measles and alkaloid in haemorrhoid. Roots, barks and leaves were the parts used for the preparation of different decoctions based on this study. The information gathered from the survey depicts the largely dependence of the indigent’s parents on medicinal plants to meet the need of the primary health care of their children and the phytoconstituents quantified might be responsible for the activity of the decoctions against the causal organisms of the diseases mentioned.
- ItemOpen AccessThe genotoxic effectof Lead and Zinc on Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) and Maize (Zea mays L.)(Ife Journal of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, 2014-04-24) Oladele, E.O; Odeigah, P.G.C.; Taiwo, I.A.; Yahaya, T.An investigation was carried out on the treatment effect of lead and zinc on the chromosomes of cowpea and maize. The seeds of cowpea and maize were placed in Petri dishes in three replicates and allowed to germinate for 5 days in different concentrations: 25mg/L, 50mg/L and 100mg/L of both lead and zinc nitrates respectively, while the control group had distilled water. The total chromosomal aberrations were examined. The mitotic index was calculated and the results were statistically evaluated by the analysis of variance at 5% significant level. The mitotic index decreased as the metal concentration increased (P < 0.05). The highest mitotic index values were 2.70±0.83 and 3.40±0.88 for the cowpea and maize untreated plants (control) respectively, while the least values observed were 0.20±0.13 and 1.80±0.70 for cowpea and maize treated with the 100 mg/L Zn respectively. The results showed the most frequent chromosomal anomalies induced by these heavy metals as stickiness, vagrants and bridges. Pb was found to be more toxic than Zn, as no germination was observed in both plants for the highest concentration of Pb tested. For Zn, there were no aberrations observed in cowpea at the highest concentration tested as well, while 22.22% aberrations were observed for maize. Pb induced greater aberrations having percentage abnormalities of 48.0%, 21.74% while Zn had 35.71%, 28.57% in maize and cowpea respectively for the 25mg/L concentration. As more abnormalities accumulate, gamete formation is affected and this lead to non-viable gametes, which considerably reduces plant fertility. The results from this study showed that Pb and Zn can induce genotoxicity in plants and these suggest potential health risk to human populations.
- ItemOpen AccessScience literacy in Nigeria: Veritable tool for development by the year 2020(World Centre of Innovation Research and Publication & Near East University, 2014-08-22) Afolabi, F; Mwakapenda, WThe world has changed in such a way that science has become necessary for everyone not just a privileged few. In developing countries like Nigeria, the Federal government of Nigeria seems to have realised these by making frantic efforts over the years to make science literacy compulsory and relevant to all his citizenry. This paper examined the effects of two instructional strategies on the cognitive achievement of villagers in science literacy curriculum. It also looked at the effect of gender on cognitive achievement in science literacy curriculum. Fifty-seven (57) villagers participated in the study. A random sampling technique was used to select the participants from six (6) villages in Baruteen local government area of Kwara state. The research design adopted for the study was quasi- experimental design. Science Literacy Achievement Test (SLAT) which was designed by the researcher has reliability coefficient of 0.75 using Kuder-Richardson-21. T-test was used to analyse the data collected. The results showed that villagers taught with entertainment strategy performed significantly better than those taught using expository strategy. In the same vein, male villagers performed significantly better than their female counterparts. Discussions were stated according to results, and recommendations were given.
- ItemOpen AccessWanted: an instrument for science teachers' professional development(Faculty of Education, University of Lagos, Akoka., 2015) Oladipo, A.J.; Yewande, R.O.The study developed and validated an instrument for science teachers' professional development. five research questions were raised and answered. The study employed a combination of research and development design as well as survey design.
- ItemOpen AccessPsychosocial factors (PSFS) as predictors of academic performance amonmg distance learning studennts in a dual mode institution(IFE Journal of Theory and Research in Education, 2015) Oladipo, A.J.; Adeniyi, C.O.The study exaamined psychosocial factors as predictors of academics performance distance learning institute (DLI) Students, University of Lagos.
- ItemOpen AccessGender and class type differences in biology classroom learning environment(Serials Publications (P) Limited, 2015-04) Oladipo, A.J.The study examined differences in class type and gender in students' perception of classroom leaning environment in Biology.
- ItemOpen AccessEffects of the mercedes model with embedded assessment strategy, subject specialisation and gender on students' knowledge of selected biology contents(Asia-Pacific Collaborative education Journal, 2016) Oladipo, A.J.This study investigated the effects of the Mercedes Model with Embedded Assessment Strategy, subject specialisation and gender on students’ knowledge of selected biology concepts. A pretest post-test control group quasi-experimental research design was adopted for the study. The sample consisted of 666 Senior Secondary Class II biology students from six senior secondary schools randomly selected from two purposively selected Education Districts (EDs) in Lagos State. The two EDs were randomly assigned to treatment such that one was the experimental group and the other the control group. Seven null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Also, five instruments were used to generate data for the study, namely, the Mercedes Model with Embedded Assessment Strategy in Diffusion (MEASID), Mercedes Model with Embedded Assessment Strategy in Osmosis (MEASIO). Conventional Lesson Plan on Diffusion (COLPOD), Conventional Lesson Plan on Osmosis (COLPO) and Test on Students’ Learning Outcomes in Osmosis and Diffusion (TESLOOD). Data collected were analysed using mean, standard deviation, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and multiple classification analysis. The study has shown that the use of the Mercedes Model with Embedded Assessment Strategy has positively improved students’ knowledge of selected biology concepts. Further, the biology students in the science class were better than the non-science group at imbibing the knowledge of biology concepts. In the same vein, the males performed better than their female counterparts in knowledge. It was recommended, among other things, that teachers of biology adopt the Mercedes Model with Embedded Assessment Strategy in the teaching of students in secondary school.
- ItemOpen AccessPersonal characteristics of distance learning institute students as contributory factors to psychosocial behaviour(Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria, 2016-05) Oladipo, A.J.The study examines the University of Lagos Distance Learning Institute students' personal charcteristics as contributory factors to their psychological behaviour.
- ItemRestrictedRemediative Potential of Bambaranut onLead and Zinc Polluted soils(Ife Journal of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, 2016-05-02) Oladele, E.O; Odeigah, P.G.C.; Taiwo, I.A.; Yahaya, T.The ability of Bambara nut (Vigna subterranea, Accession TVSU 102) in the phytoextraction and accumulation of lead and zinc, in polluted soils was investigated in a pot experiment. The soils were polluted with 100, 150 and 200 mgkg-1 of lead and zinc nitrates respectively. Chelant Ethyldiaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and farmyard manure (cow dung) were added to increase the uptake of the metals to aerial biomass. Bambara nut extracted more Pb from the soil augmented with EDTA and manure. Plants sown in augmented soil had greater bioconcentration factor (1.25, 1.55, 1.62 and 1.65). Bambara nut was observed to accumulate more Zn within its tissues whether or not the soil was augmented or not, having bioconcentration and Plant soil co-efficient factor greater than one. When the plant was treated with lead nitrate at a concentration of 150 mgkg-1, the amount of Pb removed and accumulated within plant tissues was 25.84 mgkg-1. Farmyard manure enhanced metal uptake by bambara nut significantly more than EDTA. When the soil was treated with 150 mgkg-1 of Pb but assisted with EDTA, the amount of Pb removed and accumulated within plant tissues was 84.20 mgkg-1 . However, when plants from soils treated with 150mgkg-1. Pb was augmented with manure it accumulated 95.01 mgkg-1. The same trend was observed for Zn bioaccumulation by the plants. Bambara nut (Accession TVSU 102) can stabilize Pb and Zn within its roots by immobilizing them. The treatment effects of the metal salt (Pb and Zn) were minimal on plant genomic DNA. Amendments (the use of farmyard manure and EDTA) generally improved Pb and Zn phytoextraction by the plant from the soils to a great extent. The results suggest that further Pb and Zn removal could be achieved by successive revegetation over a growing period.
- ItemOpen AccessLecturers' perception of the challenges of development of courseware for Open Distance Learning In nigeria: A case of Distance Learning Institute (DLI) University of Lagos.(Journal of Curriculum and Instruction,University of Ilorin, 2017) Oladele, E.O; Modebelu, O.JThe study investigated Lecturers’ Perception of the challenges of developing courseware in the Distance Learning Institute, University of Lagos. The purpose of the study was to determine the challenges faced by lecturers in developing courseware materials and also to find out if the perception of these challenges differ by gender and years of experience of the lecturers. The sample for the study was made up of 126 lecturers (full time and Adjunct) DLI, University of Lagos. The instrument used was a 19 item Likert-type scale questionnaire designed by the researchers. The mean average statistics was used to measure the perception of respondents on some variables. Based on the statistical analysis it was observed that there is significant difference in the perception of the challenges based on gender. Also there is significant difference in the perception of the challenges based on years of Experience. The analysis of the research instrument indicated that the time given for course material development is too short hence low quality in the materials, most of the external writers not technically trained in ODL procedures have difficulty putting materials together in line with ODL. However, there are processes in place for quality assurance of course materials, Hands-on information technology workshops for academic staff on how to assess and use open educational resources (OER) are available and there are facilities in place for easy communication between the facilitators and course writers, though very low bandwidth for internet services within the university makes the internet not available for use at the e-library. Further trainings should be available for lecturers on course ware writing as well as adequate motivation provided for lecturers to enhance quality production of course materials.
- ItemOpen AccessSurvival analysis of University distance learning science education students from matriculation to graduation: lessons for national transformation(Department of Science Education, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria, 2017) Oladipo, A.J.A nation hardly develops beyond the level of science and technological vision, skills and expertise acquired and put to application by her citizenry.
- ItemOpen AccessTeachers' reflection of information and communication technologies in secondary mathematics and science lesson delivery in Nigeria(Nigeria Journal of Computer Literacy, 2017) Adeniyi, C.O.; Oladipo, A.J.This study examined teachers' reflection of information and communication technologies in Secondary school Mathematics and science lessons in kwara State, Nigeria. The study employed a descriptive survey method.
- ItemOpen AccessOpen distance learning: pathway to sustainable development of higher Education in Nigeria(2017-02) Oladipo, A.J.This paper examines the level of commitment of Open and Distance Learning Institutions to the global development goals with emphasis on access to education in Nigeria. Documentary evidence pertaining to the demand and supply of university education as well as the level of enrolment and graduate output in the Distance Learning Institute (DLI), University of Lagos is presented. It is observed that the level of unsatisfied demand for university education has continued to rise over the past 15 years, reaching its highest value in 2014. Concomitantly, a steady rise in the level of enrolment in DLI was also found with the highest enrolment recorded in 2012. In effect, a significant relationship between the level of enrolment in DLI and that of unsatisfied demand for education was established. Also graduate output was significantly related to students’ enrolment in the DLI, University of Lagos. On the other hand, the long term trend in enrolment was upward in all disciplines with Business Administration and Accounting recording the highest enrolment as opposed to Science Education. The paper thus recognises the fact that Open Distance Learning is a giant step towards providing greater access to university education and recommends that more Open Distance Learning centres should be established in Nigeria in order to further broaden the access to university education for all. Finally, more disciplines should be included in the Distance Learning Institute (DLI) University of Lagos programmes
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