Department of Education

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    Open Access
    27) Oladele E.O, Adewumi,Response of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean L.) and Maize (Zea mays L.) to Heavy Metal Stress
    (ournal of Basic and Applied Sciences. Springer Open; Beni Suef University, Egypt, 2019) Oladele, E.O.; Adewumi, O.O.; Yahaya, T; Taiwo, I.A.
    Background: Plants are usually the target of environmental pollution. This study, therefore, investigates the effects of Zinc (Zn) and lead Pb on Bambara nut (Vigna subterranean) and Maize (Zea mays) at different concentrations, as well as the possible ameliorating effect of the chelant; ethylene diamine acetate (EDTA) and farmyard manure, on the enzymatic activities, the chlorophyll, total protein, and carbohydrate contents. Results: Findings revealed that Pb and Zn increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase, glutathione synthetase (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and catalase levels with increased concentrations from 100 mg/kg to 200 mg/kg significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the control Maize plants. While in Bambara nut, the superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase, glutathione synthetase (GSH), and catalase levels decreased with increased concentrations from 100 mg/kg to 200 mg/kg compared to control except for the malondialdehyde (MDA) which was increased. For Bambara groundnut, with increased Pb concentrations, the chlorophyll content reduced from 2.94 to 2.00 mg/g. However, there was an increase (up to 4.918 mg/g) in the chlorophyll content with increased zinc nitrate concentrations augmented with EDTA at the highest concentration. Maize plants treated with Pb augmented with farmyard manure showed an increase in chlorophyll content with increased concentrations while those assisted with EDTA still experienced a decrease as metal concentrations increased. Bambara groundnut plant had a mean carbohydrate (%) of 14.79 (control), 17.60 (100 mg/kg of Pb concentration) and 11.20 (200 mg/kg of Pb concentration), indicating a decrease in carbohydrate content with increased Pb concentrations. The same trend was observed for the different Zn and Pb concentrations on the mean total proteins and carbohydrates of both test plants. Generally, Pb and Zn induced oxidative stress in treated plants. Conclusions: Elevated activity of anti-oxidative enzymes can assist as important components of antioxidative defense mechanism against oxidative damage. The results of this study could be beneficial in the understanding of the role of the defense system as well as the detoxification mechanism of Vigna subterranean and Zea mays in efficient tolerance and response to Pb and Zn. This signifies that these plants can act as bioindicators in environmental quality assessment.
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    Open Access
    Analysis of Science Process Skills in West African Senior Secondary School Certificate Physics Practical Examinatios in Nigeria
    (University of Sofia, 2010) Afolabi, F
    This study analyzes the science process skills in West African senior secondary school certificate physics practical examinations in Nigeria for a period of 10 years (1998-2007). Ex-post facto design was adopted for the study. The 5 prominent science process skills identified out of the 15 used in the study are: manipulating (17%), calculating (14%), recording (14%), observing (12%) and communicating (11%). The results also show high percentage rate of basic (lower order) science process skills (63%) as compared to the integrated (higher order) science process skills (37%). The results also indicate that the number of basic process skills is significantly higher than the integrated process skills in the West African senior secondary school certificate physics practical examinations in Nigeria. It is recommended that the examination bodies in Nigeria should include more integrated science process skills into the senior secondary school physics practical examinations so as to enable the students to be prone to creativity, problem solv 33 ing, reflective thinking, originality and invention which are vital ingredients for science and technological development of any nation.
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    Open Access
    Bridging gender gap in physics classrooms: Do teaching approaches matters?
    (Kampala International University, 2018) Afolabi, F.; Olajuyigbe, A.O
    Gender issues in Nigeria have become an issue of concern in the past few years. As schools and educational institutions become more structured, sex differences in education and academic achievement assume new and more focus of researchers. It is quite obvious that despite government effort in achieving gender equity in all sectors of the economy, gender inequality still persist in achievement and enrolment in physics classroom. This has been attributed to the teachers‟ factor i.e the teacher and her/his methods of teaching physics concept. Therefore, this study investigated to what extent can constructivist instructional strategies bridged gender gap in physics classroom. The study adopted a quasi-experimental research design with 194 SSII physics students as participants. Physics Achievement Test (PAT) was used for data collection with reliability coefficient of 0.76. It was discovered from the analysis that using appropriate teaching approaches helped female students to learn and remember facts, apply skills, comprehend concepts, analyses and synthesises principles which are cognitive objectives of physics education. Recommendations and suggestions were proffered.
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    Open Access
    Conceptual understanding of diffusion and osmosis among senior secondary school students in Lagos State
    (Science Teachers Association of Nigeria (STAN), 2018-12) Oladipo, A.J.; Ihemedu, C.M.
    The study investigated the level of students' conceptual understanding of diffusion and osmosis in Lagos State. Full texts attached
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    Open Access
    Constructivist Practices through Guided Discovery Approach: The Effect on Students' Cognitive Achievements in Nigerian Senior Secondary Shoool Physics
    (University of Sofia, 2009) Akinbobola, A.O; Afolabi, F
    The study investigated constructivist practices through guided discovery approach and the effect on students’ cognitive achievement in Nigerian senior secondary school Physics. The study adopted pretestposttest control group design. A criterion sampling technique was used to select six schools out of nine schools that met the criteria. A total of 278 students took part in the study; this was made up of 141 male students and 137 female students in their respective intact classes. Physic Achievement Test (PAT) with the internal consistency of 0.77 using Kuder-Richardson formula (21) was the instrument used in collecting data. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and t-test. The results showed that guided discovery approaches was the most effective in facilitating students’ 233 achievement in physics after being taught using a pictorial organizer. This was followed by demonstration while expository was found to be the least effective. Also, there exists no significant difference in the achievement of male and female physics students taught with guided discovery, demonstration and expository teaching approaches and corresponding exposure to a pictorial organizer. It is recommended that physics teachers should endeavor to use constructivist practices through guided discovery approach in order to engage students in problem solving activities, independent learning, critical thinking and understanding, and creative learning, rather than in rote learning and memorization.
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    Open Access
    Constructivist Problem Based Learning Technique and the Academic Achievement of Physics Students with Low Ability Level in Nigerian Secondary Schools
    (Eurasian Journal of Physics and Chemistry Education, 2009) Afolabi, F; Akinbobola, A.O
    The study investigated the effects of constructivist problem based learning technique on the academic achievement of physics students with low ability levels in Nigeria secondary schools. Pre-test-Post-test control group design was adopted for the study. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 2 schools out of 40co-educational secondary schools in Taraba state. 105 senior secondary school II physics students were used for the study. Physics Achievement Test (PAT) and physics Ability Level Test (PALT) were used to collect data. The kuder-Richardson coefficient of internal consistency for PAT and PALT were 0.72 and 0.76 respectively. Three hypotheses were tested at p<0.05 level of significance using t- test analysis. The result of the findings showed that the physics students with low ability level taught with problem based learning technique performed significantly better than those taught with conventional learning method. Also, student taught with problem based learning technique performed significantly better than those taught with conventional method. There was no significant gender difference in the performance of students taught with problem based learning technique. It is recommended that problem-based learning technique should be used in schools to teach various concepts in physics.
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    Open Access
    Critical thinking motivation strategies as innovative classroom practices for sustainable environmental development in South Western Nigeria
    (Kampala International University, 2019) Ogundiwin, O.A.; Oladipo, A.J.
    Developing countries such as Nigeria started experiencing serious and complex environmental problems in the 1980s. Some of these problems include: over-population, pollution, unchecked industrialization, abuse of natural resources, flooding, erosion, solid waste disposal, desertification and drought. Thus, research in science education has continued to seek for more effective ways of teaching science in order to ensure environmental sustainability. Therefore, this study examined critical thinking motivation strategies as innovative classroom practices for sustainable environmental development in Southwestern Nigeria. The study adopted pretest-posttest control group quasi-experimental design. Four hundred and fifty one (451) SS2 students from six purposively selected senior secondary schools in southwestern Nigeria were used for the study. The schools were randomly assigned to critical thinking motivation strategies (Pre-theoretic Intuition Quiz and Puzzle Based Learning) and control. Instruments used included: Instructional Guides for Teachers; Students’ Environmental Practices Scale (r=0.82), and Assessment Sheet for Evaluating Research Assistants. Two null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data collected were analysed using ANCOVA and Scheffe post hoc test. Treatment had significant main effect on students’ environmental practices (F(2,438) = 363.48; p<0.05). Pre-Theoretic intuition quiz enhanced practices scores (=65.34) than PBL (=59.18) and Control (=48.33). Pre-theoretic intuition quiz and Puzzle-based learning strategies improved students’ practices towards sustainable environmental development in Southwestern Nigeria. Based on the findings, the study recommended that Pre-Theoretic Intuition Quiz and Puzzle-Based learning strategies should be adopted as viable strategies for the study of environmental pollution and conservation of natural resources.
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    Open Access
    Determinants of Academic Achievement in Introductory Physics Courses Among Distance Learners
    (Allama Iqbal Open University, 2019) Afolabi, F
    Teaching quantitative courses in open and distance learning (ODL) has been a challenge to educators. This research work examined factors that determined the academic achievement of distance learners in introductory physics. A questionnaire consisted of twenty-five (25) items was used to collect data from one hundred (100) respondents who were selected using random sampling technique. The result showed that use of technology and technology components were rated high in determining the academic achievement of distance learners. However, the variables examined could be improved upon by incorporating more factors. Therefore, undertaking the research study further using a larger sample size that includes participants from numerous academic institutions would help improve results of the study.
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    Open Access
    Diabetogenic Effect of Pregnancy in Sprague-Dawley (SPD) Rats: Potential use as Experimental Model of Human Gestational Diabetes
    (2010) Taiwo, I.A.; Adewumi, O.O; Odunlade, A.K.; Ogunkanmi, L.A.; Odeigah, P.G.C.
    The effect of pregnancy on the pattern of oral glucose tolerance was investigated using Sprague-Dawley (SPD) rats. Adult virgin, timed-pregnant and non-pregnant rats were subjected to brief ether anaesthesia after 18- hour overnight fasting period to allow for oro-gastric administration of glucose load at 3.0g/kg body weight (b. wt.) as 30% solution. Glucose concentration determined from the tail blood shows that the starting glucose concentration of the pregnant rats was 6.9+0.4 mmol/l, a significantly higher (P<0.05) value than 5.8 mmol/l, the starting blood glucose concentration of the non-pregnant animals (Controls). The peak blood glucose level attained at the 60th minute was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the pregnant rats (13.5+0.3 mmol/l) as compared to that of the non- pregnant rats (8.5+0.3 mmol/l). After 120minutes, the blood glucose level of the non-pregnant rats dropped to a near starting level while the corresponding value in the pregnant rats remained comparatively higher (P<0.05). Assessment of the rate of appearance and disappearance of glucose in the blood and the determination of glucose response and glucose tolerance indexes (GRI and GTI) respectively showed that pregnancy caused poor glucose utilization in the rats. The results of this short-term study suggest that pregnancy is largely diabetogenic in Sprague- Dawley (SPD) rats. The diabetogenic effect of pregnancy did not necessitate administration of any other diabetogenic agent such as streptozotocin or fructose. Thus, pregnancy induced diabetes in this strain of rats may have potential value as model of gestational diabetes in human.
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    Open Access
    Distribution of ABO/Rhesus Blood Groups Among Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Positive Patients in Lagos, South-Western, Nigeria.
    (Fudma Journal of Sciences, 2020-09) Oladele, E.O; Yahaya, T; Adewumi, O.O; David, B; Oladipo, A.J
    The study aims to determine the distribution of the ABO/Rhesus Blood Groups among Hepatitis B virus (HBV) positive patients in Lagos State. Copies of structured questionnaires were distributed to 162 HBV patients that visited selected health facilities within 6 months in the city. After obtaining relevant information, whole blood samples were collected from each participant in an EDTA bottle. Thereafter, the ABO blood group types (A, B, AB, and O) as well as Rhesus blood groups were determined using standard protocols. Results showed that 48.1% of the participants had type O blood group, followed by type A (26.5%), type B (24.7%), and type AB (0.6%). Moreover, 94.4% of the participants were Rh+. The study showed that HBV was more prevalent among participants with type O blood group (48.1%) with rhesus positivity of 94.4%, compared to other blood group types. This indicates that type O individuals in the city could be more susceptible to HBV infection. There should be public awareness on the association between ABO/Rh blood groups and the prevalence of HBV infection in the state.
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    Open Access
    Effect of Mercedes model with embedded assessment strategy and technology on the learning outcomes of biology students in Lagos Nigeria
    (Technical University of Varna Annual Journal, 2019-12-31) Oladipo, A.J.; Adewumi, O.O.; Ogundiwin, A.O.
    This study examines the effect of Mercedes Model with Embedded Assessment Strategy and Technology on students’ learning outcomes in Biology. It is a quasi-experimental study which has adopted a pre-test and a post-test control group design. Four hypotheses guided the study. 568 senior secondary class I biology students from 6 randomly selected schools formed the sample size. Three instruments, namely Mercedes Model with Embedded Assessment Strategy and Technology in Diffusion and Osmosis (M2EASTID and M2EASTIO), Conventional Lesson Plan on Diffusion and Osmosis (COLPOD and COLPO), and Test on Students’ Learning Outcomes in Osmosis and Diffusion (TOSLO2D) were used to generate data for the study. Frequency counts, means, deviation and analysis of covariance were used to analyze the data. The results indisputably suggest that there is a significant effect on students’ learning outcomes and their understanding of fundamental biological concepts. Considered should also be the decisive effect of the subject specialization on the dependent measurable characteristics. Mercedes Model with Embedded Assessment Strategies and Technology therefore, proved to be effective and efficient in significantly improving the students’ learning outcomes. Hence, it is highly recommended that biology teachers in senior secondary schools adopt and integrate Mercedes Model with Embedded Assessment Strategy and Technology into their teaching programmes for understanding and application of biology concepts.
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    Open Access
    Effectiveness of Career Development and Cognitive Reframe Therapy on Irrational Career thoughts among Secondary School Students. The African Symposium
    (The African Symposium: An online journal of the African Educational Research Network, 2013-12) Adegun, A.O.; Aremu, O.
    Choosing a professional career is an important step that influences the aspirations of students. Students sometimes are unable to make a decision about the career they wish to pursue later in life. Career practitioners in Nigeria have observed that most secondary school leavers in Nigeria often make poor career decisions due to unrealistic vocational aspirations. Despite vast researches on adolescents’ career problems, irrational career thought remain largely understudied within the field of vocational psychology in Nigeria. This study examined the effectiveness of Career Development (CD) and Cognitive Reframe (CR) therapy in reducing irrational career thoughts of secondary school students. A sample of 96 Senior Secondary School one students with irrational career thoughts were purposively selected from three randomly selected Senior Secondary Schools in Ogun State Nigeria. There were two treatment conditions (CD and CR) that lasted for seven weeks. Career Thought Inventory (α = 0.86) was use to collect data. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance. There was a significant main effect of treatment on dysfunctional career thoughts of secondary school students. CD and CR were found to be effective in reducing irrational career thoughts of secondary school students. Implications of these on career development in Nigeria were discussed.
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    Open Access
    Effects of puzzle based strategy on senior secondary school students' science process skills in biology in Oyo State
    (Department of Science Education, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria, 2018) Ogundiwin, O.A.; Oladipo, A.I.
    Senior secondary school (SSS) students' science process skill in Biology in Oyo state seems not to be encouraging a trend attributed partly to persistent usage of teacher-centered instructional methods.
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    Open Access
    Effects of the mercedes model with embedded assessment strategy, subject specialisation and gender on students' knowledge of selected biology contents
    (Asia-Pacific Collaborative education Journal, 2016) Oladipo, A.J.
    This study investigated the effects of the Mercedes Model with Embedded Assessment Strategy, subject specialisation and gender on students’ knowledge of selected biology concepts. A pretest post-test control group quasi-experimental research design was adopted for the study. The sample consisted of 666 Senior Secondary Class II biology students from six senior secondary schools randomly selected from two purposively selected Education Districts (EDs) in Lagos State. The two EDs were randomly assigned to treatment such that one was the experimental group and the other the control group. Seven null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Also, five instruments were used to generate data for the study, namely, the Mercedes Model with Embedded Assessment Strategy in Diffusion (MEASID), Mercedes Model with Embedded Assessment Strategy in Osmosis (MEASIO). Conventional Lesson Plan on Diffusion (COLPOD), Conventional Lesson Plan on Osmosis (COLPO) and Test on Students’ Learning Outcomes in Osmosis and Diffusion (TESLOOD). Data collected were analysed using mean, standard deviation, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and multiple classification analysis. The study has shown that the use of the Mercedes Model with Embedded Assessment Strategy has positively improved students’ knowledge of selected biology concepts. Further, the biology students in the science class were better than the non-science group at imbibing the knowledge of biology concepts. In the same vein, the males performed better than their female counterparts in knowledge. It was recommended, among other things, that teachers of biology adopt the Mercedes Model with Embedded Assessment Strategy in the teaching of students in secondary school.
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    Open Access
    Environmental problems and their impact on people's health:The Nigerian context
    (Brill Sense, 2012-01-01) Ajiboye, J.O.; Afolabi, F.
    Full texts attached
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    Open Access
    Factors Influencing Female Enrolment in Science Education Programmes in Distance Learning Institutions in South-West, Nigeria
    (Teacher Education Through Flexible Learning in Africa, 2020) OLADELE, E.O; ADENIYI, C.O
    This study investigated the factors influencing enrolment of female learners in Science Education programmes of three Distance Learning Institutes in South-West, Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to explore socioeconomic, personal and cultural factors that influence the enrolment of women into Distance Learning Institute. The target population was all female learners in the Departments of Science Education. This study was guided by the facilitation theory using a questionnaire as the research instrument. The researchers sampled 280 female learners in Science Education programmes of these Distance Learning Institutes. Three research questions were raised and analysed. The data obtained were analysed using mean, standard deviation and also presented in percentages. Findings revealed that socioeconomic factors such as finance as well as personal factors, including attaining social and academic satisfaction could influence the enrolment of women in Science Education programmes. The study revealed that majority of the women are employed, though faced with several challenges that hinder their studies. The study recommended ways of overcoming these challenges and urged the government and stakeholders to implement these recommendations for the development of Distance Education.
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    Open Access
    First Year Learning Experiences of University Undergraduates in the Use of Open Educational Resources in Online Learning
    (Athabasca University, 2017-11) Afolabi, F
    This study investigated -the first year University undergraduates’ experiences in the use of open educational resources (OER) in online learning and their in-course achievement. The design selected for the study was survey and quasi-experimental. A total number of 106 University undergraduates participated in the study after a preliminary study was conducted to ascertain undergraduates’ perception and acceptability of OER. A structured questionnaire on 4-point Likert scale and Achievement Test were used to collect data. The two instruments were validated and trial tested to established reliability using Cronbach’s alpha. Data were analysed using simple percentage and t-test. The results clearly shown that understanding of online learners’ skills, acceptability, perception, and competencies is necessary to provide intervention strategy and appropriate support service which could facilitate their understanding and learning of difficult concepts. It was also discovered that that students that have positive perception of OER performed very well in the achievement test administered.
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    Open Access
    Gender and class type differences in biology classroom learning environment
    (Serials Publications (P) Limited, 2015-04) Oladipo, A.J.
    The study examined differences in class type and gender in students' perception of classroom leaning environment in Biology.
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    Open Access
    The genotoxic effectof Lead and Zinc on Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) and Maize (Zea mays L.)
    (Ife Journal of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, 2014-04-24) Oladele, E.O; Odeigah, P.G.C.; Taiwo, I.A.; Yahaya, T.
    An investigation was carried out on the treatment effect of lead and zinc on the chromosomes of cowpea and maize. The seeds of cowpea and maize were placed in Petri dishes in three replicates and allowed to germinate for 5 days in different concentrations: 25mg/L, 50mg/L and 100mg/L of both lead and zinc nitrates respectively, while the control group had distilled water. The total chromosomal aberrations were examined. The mitotic index was calculated and the results were statistically evaluated by the analysis of variance at 5% significant level. The mitotic index decreased as the metal concentration increased (P < 0.05). The highest mitotic index values were 2.70±0.83 and 3.40±0.88 for the cowpea and maize untreated plants (control) respectively, while the least values observed were 0.20±0.13 and 1.80±0.70 for cowpea and maize treated with the 100 mg/L Zn respectively. The results showed the most frequent chromosomal anomalies induced by these heavy metals as stickiness, vagrants and bridges. Pb was found to be more toxic than Zn, as no germination was observed in both plants for the highest concentration of Pb tested. For Zn, there were no aberrations observed in cowpea at the highest concentration tested as well, while 22.22% aberrations were observed for maize. Pb induced greater aberrations having percentage abnormalities of 48.0%, 21.74% while Zn had 35.71%, 28.57% in maize and cowpea respectively for the 25mg/L concentration. As more abnormalities accumulate, gamete formation is affected and this lead to non-viable gametes, which considerably reduces plant fertility. The results from this study showed that Pb and Zn can induce genotoxicity in plants and these suggest potential health risk to human populations.
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    Open Access
    Genotoxicity of Momordica charantia Extract in Swiss Albino Mice (Mus musculus)
    (Nigerian Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology (NIJEST), 2019-03) Oladele, E.O; Adewumi, O.O; Taiwo, I.A.
    The study aims at determining the safety of Momordica charantia (Bitter melon) for use by diabetic patient. This study was carried out to ascertain the genotoxic potential of Momordica charantia in mice using the micronucleus assays. A total of forty (40) laboratory albino mice weighing between 20 and 25 grams were obtained from the Zoological garden, University of Lagos. The mice were in eight groups comprising of five animals each. The doses of the extract administered were 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg per body weight and the route of administration was oral by gastric gavages using a metal canula. The control groups A and B were fed with distilled water for 14 and 8 days respectively. The other groups were also treated with a daily dose of the extract for 14 and 28 days at different concentrations. The mutagenic potential of Momordica charantia was assessed with reference to the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) in polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) in the bone marrow of mice. During sacrifice, the bone marrow cells were collected from the femur and smeared on slides. For each mouse, polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) were scored for the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) and the percentage was calculated. The frequencies of MNPCE/PCE were 0.17 ± 0.09% and 0.13 ± 0.02% in the control group for 14 days and 28 days respectively, 0.33 ± 0.12% and 0.30 ± 0.08% in the 50 mg/kg group, 0.38 ± 0.06% and 0.34 ± 0.09% in the 100 mg/kg group, and 0.24 ± 0.08% and 0.35 ± 0.05% in the 150 mg/kg group. The results showed a significantly increased frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes for the three doses administered. The results were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. This indicates a warning signal to careless and indiscriminate use of the drug by humans.