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- ItemOpen AccessMorphometric and stereological assessment of the effects of long-term administration of quinine on the morphology of rat testis(West African Journal of Medicine, 2005) Osinubi, A.A; Noronha, C.C; Okanlawon, A.OBackground and objectives: Quinine (QU) has been used worldwide in the suppression and treatment of malaria for more than 350 years. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term morphological response of the testis to long- term administration of QU using stereological parameters. Materials and methods: 64 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 180-200g were used. The animals were randomly divided into 8 groups of 8 rats each. Every experimental animal had intramuscular QU at a dose of 10mg/kg body weight per day (5 times in a week, with the exception of group 1 animals). Group 1 rats had QU for 1 week (7 days consecutively) and were sacrificed on the last day of injec- tion. Groups 2 and 3 rats had QU for 4 and 6 weeks and were sacrificed at the end of the 4th and 6th week respectively. Group4,5,6and7ratshadQUfor8weeksandwere sacrificed at the end of week 8,12,16 and 20 respectively. Group 8 animals constituted the controls and had equal vo- lume of distilled water intramuscularly for 8 weeks. All sacrifices were by decapitation. The testes were carefully dissected out, their volumes measured, weighed and histological sections prepared. Morphometric assessment was carried out using the diameter, cross-sectional area, number of profiles per unit area, numerical density and volume density of the seminiferous tubules and the relative and absolute volume of the seminiferous epithelium, stroma and lumen of tubules. Results: The results showed that there was a general des- truction of cells of the seminiferous tubules and the testicular interstitium that persisted even after the discontinuation of QU and to the end of our experiment that lasted 20 weeks. Conclusion: We conclude that QU has deleterious effect on the seminiferous tubules of Sprague-Dawley rats, though the mechanism of damage is unclear.
- ItemOpen AccessEffects of Vernonia amygdalina and chlorpropamide on blood glucose(Medical Journal of Islamic World Academy of Sciences, 2006) Osinubi, A.A.ADespite significant achievements in treatment modalities and preventive measures, the prevalence of diabetes has risen exponentially in the last decade. Because of these limitations there is a continued need for new and more effective therapies. An increasing number of people are using dietary and herbal supplements, even though there is a general lack of evidence for their safety and efficacy. Consequently, science-based medical and governmental reg- ulations are needed for more randomized clinical studies to provide evidence of efficacy and safety. The aim of this study was therefore to subject one such promising Vernonia amygdalina (VA), to agents to further investigate the potential function of VA for treatment of diabetes mellitus as potentially emerging alternative therapy for type 2 diabetes. Sixty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 180-220g were used for the experiment. Half of the animals were randomly rendered diabetic by administering alloxan (150 mg/kg). Equal numbers (20) of the rats were variously administered aqueous leaf extract of VA (500 mg/kg), chlorpropamide (250 mg/kg) and distilled water (2 ml/kg). Aqueous leaf extract of VA produced significant (p < 0.05-0.001), reductions in the blood glucose concentrations of normal (normoglycemic) and diabetic (hyperglycemic) rats 1 to 12 hours after acute treatment compared with dis- tilled water-treated control animals. Its blood-glucose-lowering potential in both normoglycemic and alloxan-induced diabetic male Sprague-Dawley rats compared favourably to that of chlorpropamide. Administration of the aqueous extract of VA at a concentration of 500 mg/kg of body weight significantly decreased the levels of blood glucose. The hypoglycemic efficacy was comparable with that of chlorpropamide, a standard hypo- glycemic drug.
- ItemOpen AccessDermatoglyphic of Autistic Patients in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria(International Journal of Applied Biological Research, 2011-07-14) Sanyaolu, A.O.; Oremosu, A.A.; Duru, F.I.O.; Noronha, C.C.; Olabiyi, O.; Okanlawon, A.O.Studies of selected traits were undertaken to determine the occurrence of dermatoglyphics in autistics as compared with the normal children in Lagos state. Finger and palm prints were taken from 22 autistic children and 22 normal children. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the traits, descriptive statistics, t test (p <0.05) and χ² (p<0.001), showed a significant difference in digital pattern types between autistic and normal children, but no significant difference in the total mean ridge count. Deferences in arches were not statistically significant. The total ridge count on both hands of autistic children is higher than in the normal. The atd (axial triradius) angle and a-b (distance between a triradius and b triradius) ridge count are higher in normal than in the autistic children. It was concluded that there is evidence to suggest the presence of definite dermatoglyphic features associated with autistic children compared to normal children.
- ItemOpen AccessA Paradigm Shift in Medical, Dental, Nursing, Physiotherapy and Pharmacy Education: From Traditional Method of Teaching to Case-Based Method of Learning- A Review(Annual Research & Review in Biology, 2014) Osinubi, A.A.A; Ailoje-Ibru, KBackground: The most commonly used pedagogy in Nigeria and most other countries is the didactic method of teaching. This method is useful for covering underlying concepts, principles and systems. The traditional method of teaching places the burden of promoting learning fully on the teacher, unless it is integrated with other techniques such as problem- based learning and case-based learning (CBL). However, the advantages of CBL over the traditional method of teaching have not been adequately evaluated and this also reflects on the dearth of available literature in this area. Aim: The purpose of this paper is to critically evaluate, analyze and synthesize the available literature evidence base about CBL in order to highlight its merits/benefits, barriers and possible shortcomings so as to guide Medical Colleges and Faculties of Pharmacy in Nigeria in taking a decision on whether or not to begin to explore the possibility of introducing CBL in their medical, dental, physiotherapy, nursing and pharmacy curricula. Methods: The study was literature-based. The review was focused on CBL for both preclinical and clinical health professional programmes including Medicine, Dentistry, Physiotherapy, Nursing and Pharmacy. Papers were required to have outcome data on effectiveness. The search covered the period from January 1990 to December 2013 and the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, International Education Research Database, Web of Knowledge (WoK) and ERIC (Educational Resources Information Center) database. Results: The traditional modes of teaching of science and medical subjects focus mainly on the transmission of content by disciplinary experts. By nature, these teaching processes by themselves are not effective at equipping the students in the areas of communication, critical thinking, creativity, self-directed and collaborative learning. CBL adequately addresses most of these deficiencies in pedagogy. In their effort to find solutions and reach decisions through discussion, learners sort out factual data, apply analytic tools, articulate issues, reflect on their relevant experiences, and draw inferences they can relate to new situations that are often not given within the scope of a lecture but that could be very vital in professional practice. In the process, they acquire substantive knowledge, become innovative and develop analytic, collaborative and communication skills. Conclusion: Colleges and faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy should consider the inclusion of CBL in their curricula for the teaching of medicine, dentistry, physiotherapy, nursing, pharmacy and other allied programmes.
- ItemOpen AccessPattern and Outcome of Cases Seen in Paediatric Emergency Department at Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi Araba, Lagos State.(2016-06-08) Ajagunna, M.A; Abiola, A.O; Onajole, A.T; Adeniyi, O.FBook of abstracts attached.
- ItemOpen AccessKnowledge, Attitude and Practice of Cancer Prevention and Screening Methods in Ado-Odo/Oto Local Government Area, Ogun State(2016-06-08) Obi, S.I; Roberts, A.A; Abiola, A.OBook of abstracts attached.
- ItemOpen AccessA Review on the Recall of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology by Medical Students at College of Medicine, University of Lagos(2016-06-08) Poluyi, E.O; Osinubi, A.A; Aruleba, AThis is a Monograph. Book of abstracts attached.
- ItemOpen AccessDiabetes Mellitus: Identifying the Knowledge Gaps and Risk Factors Among Adolescents Attending a Public School in Lagos State.(2016-06-08) Ubangha, L.O; Abiola, A.OBook of abstracts attached.
- ItemOpen AccessKnowledge, Attitude and Utilization of Aphrodisiacs amongst Commercial Drivers in Yaba Bus Park, Yaba, Lagos State(2016-06-08) Bello, A.A; Abiola, A.OBook of abstracts attached.
- ItemOpen AccessKnowledge, Attitude and Utilization of Contraceptives among Residents of Ado-Odo/Otta Local Government Area, Ogun State(2016-06-08) Gbenedio, O.O; Roberts, A.A; Abiola, A.OBook of abstracts attached.
- ItemOpen AccessD-Ribose-L-Cysteine Maintained Testicular Integrity in Rats Model (Rattus Novergicus) Exposed to X-Ray(Nuclear Medicine (Science Publishing Group), 2017) Dare, B.J; Olayemi, O.S; Falana, B.A; Duru, F.I.O; Osinubi, A.A.Oxidative stress mechanisms are involved in xenobiotic-induced testicular dysfunctions which consequently lead to male infertility, however, antioxidants work like a defense system, disarming free radicals. Therefore, this study is aimed at investigating the maintenance of testicular integrity using D-Riboce-L-cysteine on X–ray induced testicular damage in adult wistar rats (Rattus Novergicus). A total of 20 male rats were randomly selected into Five (5) groups of Four (4) animal each. Control animals received only water while treated animals include: animals induced with X–ray only; around the pelvic and perineum region at about 95 kv, 12.5 milliampere-seconds (mA.s), 50 focal field distance (FFD), animals treated with D- Riboce-L-cysteine at 30 mg/kg body weight of D-Riboce-L-cysteine before exposed to 95 kv, 12.5 milliampere-seconds (mA.s), 50 focal field distance (FFD) of X-ray, animals treated with 95kv, 12.5 milliampere-seconds (mA.s), 50 focal field distance (FFD) of X-ray per animal before receiving 30 mg/kg body weight of D-Riboce-L-cysteine and animals treated with 30 mg/kg body weight of D-Riboce-L-cysteine only. After 21 days of treatments, the animals were sacrificed, and the testes were excised following abdominal incision, fixed in Bouin’s fluids for histological observations and right testis was homogenized in 5% sucrose solution for determination of enzymes of carbohydrates metabolism. Sperm was obtained from the caudal part of the epididymis for analysis of sperm characteristics. Reduced sperm count, abnormal morphology and significant (p<0.05) higher non motile sperm characterized the animals expose to X-ray. However, sperm characteristics was maintained in control animals (p < 0.05) and animals treated with D-Riboce-L-cysteine only. Reduced activities in enzyme of carbohydrate metabolism (G-6-PDH) and significant increase in the level of lipid peroxidation shown by the activities of MDA in the X-ray treated groups compared to animals treated with D-Riboce-L-cysteine (p < 0.05) and the control animals. Abnormal widening of the interstitial space, loss of the basal laminal, degeneration in spermatogonia with vacuolation. Loss of germinal epithelium of the seminiferous tubules were also observed in animals expose to X-ray. Exposure to X-ray disrupts spermatogenesis by disruption and depletion of the spermatids and spermatogonia population, which caused increase in testicular tissue damage and consequently, altered the sperm characteristics. D-Riboce-L-cysteine clearly demonstrated maintenance of testicular integrity and enhance sperm characteristics; indication of fertility enhancing ability.
- ItemOpen AccessHistomorphological response of sulforaphane and riboceine on annular puncture-induced model of rabbits intervertebral disc degeneration(European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017) Ogunlade, B; Osinubi, A.A; Duru, F.I.O; Adelakun, S.A; Ogunlade, S.A; Alao, A.ABackground: Intervertebral disc degeneration is one of the leading causes of Low back pain that is regarded as one of the most frequent neurological ailments. Objective: To determine the regenerative potential of sulforaphane and riboceine supplements in a rabbit model in annular punctured intervertebral disc degeneration. Methods: Forty New Zealand white rabbits (3 to 3.5 kg each) underwent annular puncture of the L2-L3, L3-L4, and L4-L5 discs. Rabbits were sacrificed at 2, 4 and 8 after puncture. For a longitudinal study to assess changes in disc height over time, serial X-rays were performed at 0, 4 and 8 weeks for the rabbits. Upon sacrifice, the whole spinal column and discs were extracted and analyzed with real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and histological staining. Results: The radiology assessment revealeda significant progressive decrease in disc height which was reversed by the administration of sulforaphane and riboceine. Significant disc space narrowing compared to preoperative disc height was observed during the time period (p<0.05). The histological grade, collagen type 1 and 2, aggrecan, and matrix metalloprotease-13 mRNA expression and Hematoxylin and Eosin were indicative of degeneration, supporting the results of the radiology. Conclusion: Administration of sulforaphane and riboceine in this study revealed the regenerative potential of nutritional supplement in intervertebral disc. The annular puncture model can be used to study and validate the therapeutic potential of drugs and biological materials in the treatments of degenerative disc disease.
- ItemOpen AccessEffect of D-ribose-L-cysteine on aluminum induced testicular damage in male Sprague-Dawley rats(JBRA Assisted Reproduction, 2017) Falana, B; Adeleke, O; Orenolu, M; Osinubi, A.A; Oyewopo, AObjective: This study investigated the effects of D-ribose and L-cysteine on aluminum-induced testicular damage in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Method: A total number of thirty-five (35) adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups (A- D). Group A (comprised five (5) rats) was designated the Control Group that received Physiological Saline; while groups B, C, and D (comprised ten (10) rats) were given 75 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg of body weight of aluminum chloride respectively for 39 days. At day 40, the aluminum-treated groups were subdivided into sub-groups (B1, C1, D1) comprising of five (5) rats each, and 30 mg/ kg body weight of Riboceine were administered for twenty (20) days. Groups B, C and D remained on the normal dosage of aluminum chloride for three more weeks (59 days). Results: Andrological parameters (Sperm count, motility, morphology and testosterone) in the aluminum- treated Groups B and C showed no significant difference in their mean values when compared with their control counterparts, whereas there was a significant reduction in the andrological parameters in Group D rats when compared with the Control animals. Histoarchitecture of the testes “stain with H&E” of Group A, B and C rats appeared normal while Group D rats showed testicular damages with several abnormal seminiferous tubules with incomplete maturation of germinal cell layers and absence of spermatozoa in their lumen; Leydig cells appear hyperplastic. Group B1, C1 and D1 andrological and histological parameters appeared normal. Conclusion: Riboceine treatment significantly attenuates aluminum-induced testicular toxicity in male Sprague-Dawley in rats.
- ItemOpen AccessResveratrol prevents cisplatin-induced lipid peroxidation in the non-gravid uterus of Sprague-Dawley rats(Elsevier, 2018) okafor, IA; Gbotolorun, SCBackground: Several studies have demonstrated Cisplatin-induced toxicity on the ovary. However, there is a dearth of literature on the effect of Cisplatin on the non-gravid uterus. Objective: This study investigated the effect of cisplatin and supplementation with Resveratrol on the oxidant status and histoarchitecture of the uterus in Sprague-Dawley rats. Materials and methods: Forty-five female Sprague–Dawley rats with average weight of 160 g divided into 9 groups (n = 5) were used in this study. Group 1 served as control and received distilled water. Groups 2 and 9 received cisplatin only. Groups 3, 4 and 5 received different doses (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg respectively) of Resveratrol after a single dose of cisplatin. Groups 6, 7 and 8 received different doses (5, 10 and 20 mg/ kg respectively) of Resveratrol before cisplatin. At sacrifice, the uterus was analysed for relative organ weight, histopathology and oxidation parameters. Result: No significant difference was observed in Glutathione (GSH), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) levels of rats treated with cisplatin and/or Resveratrol when compared to the control group (p < .05). Compared with the control group, Cisplatin treated groups showed a significant increase in Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (p = .007 and .012) while groups treated with 20 mg/kg Resveratrol before cisplatin showed a significant decrease (p = .003) in their MDA levels. Cisplatin and Resveratrol treated groups showed normal histoarchitecture of the uterus. Conclusion: This study showed that cisplatin-induced oxidative stress can be prevented by supplementation with Resveratrol in the uterus of Sprague-Dawley rats
- ItemOpen AccessComparative Evaluation of Glibenclamide and Insulin on the Pups’ Liver Cytoarchitectonic Properties and Some Dams’ Parameters in Pregnant Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats.(American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 2018) Lawal, S.K; Adeniji, A.A; Sangoyomi, O.A; Adeyemo, R.O; Buhari, M.O; Sulaiman, S.O; Osinubi, A.ADespite the significant achievements in the treatment modalities and preventive measures, the prevalence of gestational diabetes in Africa has continued to rise exponentially in the last few decades. There is growing concern on the use of oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) during pregnancy, due to the potential of the agents in causing adverse effect (s) on the developing fetus and its effectiveness in managing the gestational diabetes mellitus. The objective of this study was to investigate the action of glibenclamide compared with insulin on pups’ liver cytoarchitectonic property and oxidative stress markers, and on maternal glucose level and sexual hormonal profile. Twenty pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats (120-160 g) divided into 4 groups A, B, C and D (n=5 per group) were used for the study. Rats in group A (control) were given 0.5ml distilled water daily while the rats in groups B, C, and D were rendered diabetic by administration of intraperitoneal low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) and subsequently treated with 0.5mls of distilled water, glibenclamide (0.29 mg/kg body weight) and insulin (1 UI daily) respectively. Blood glucose levels were monitored and recorded throughout the experiment. The rats were sacrificed on the 19th day of gestational period. The pups’ liver and maternal blood sample were collected for analysis. The glibenclamide and insulin groups showed significant (p<0.05) decreased in blood glucose with an increased maternal body weight when compared to the diabetic group. The activities of GSH, SOD and CAT were significantly increased (p<0.05) in the glibenclamide and insulin treated groups compared to the diabetic group. Also, MDA significantly reduced in the glibenclamide and insulin treated groups (C & D) when compared to the diabetic untreated group (B) with the greater reduction observed for insulin. There was an improvement in the hormonal profiles of glibenclamide and insulin treated groups compared with the diabetic group. Histologically, glibenclamide and insulin showed an improvement in the arrangement of cytoarchitectonic property of pups’ liver with mild steatosis compared with diabetic group. Based on our observations in this study, it was concluded that glibenclamide is as effective as insulin with no or little negative effect and could be an optional drug to be used in the treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus in place of insulin.
- ItemOpen AccessComparative Evaluation of Glibenclamide and Insulin on the Pups’ Liver Cytoarchitectonic Properties and Some Dams’ Parameters in Pregnant Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats(American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 2018) Lawal, S.K; Adeniji, A.A; Sangoyomi, O.A; Adeyemo, R.O; Buhari, M.O; Sulaiman, S.O; Osinubi, A.ADespite the significant achievements in the treatment modalities and preventive measures, the prevalence of gestational diabetes in Africa has continued to rise exponentially in the last few decades. There is growing concern on the use of oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) during pregnancy, due to the potential of the agents in causing adverse effect (s) on the developing fetus and its effectiveness in managing the gestational diabetes mellitus. The objective of this study was to investigate the action of glibenclamide compared with insulin on pups’ liver cytoarchitectonic property and oxidative stress markers, and on maternal glucose level and sexual hormonal profile. Twenty pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats (120-160 g) divided into 4 groups A, B, C and D (n=5 per group) were used for the study. Rats in group A (control) were given 0.5ml distilled water daily while the rats in groups B, C, and D were rendered diabetic by administration of intraperitoneal low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) and subsequently treated with 0.5mls of distilled water, glibenclamide (0.29 mg/kg body weight) and insulin (1 UI daily) respectively. Blood glucose levels were monitored and recorded throughout the experiment. The rats were sacrificed on the 19th day of gestational period. The pups’ liver and maternal blood sample were collected for analysis. The glibenclamide and insulin groups showed significant (p<0.05) decreased in blood glucose with an increased maternal body weight when compared to the diabetic group. The activities of GSH, SOD and CAT were significantly increased (p<0.05) in the glibenclamide and insulin treated groups compared to the diabetic group. Also, MDA significantly reduced in the glibenclamide and insulin treated groups (C & D) when compared to the diabetic untreated group (B) with the greater reduction observed for insulin. There was an improvement in the hormonal profiles of glibenclamide and insulin treated groups compared with the diabetic group. Histologically, glibenclamide and insulin showed an improvement in the arrangement of cytoarchitectonic property of pups’ liver with mild steatosis compared with diabetic group. Based on our observations in this study, it was concluded that glibenclamide is as effective as insulin with no or little negative effect and could be an optional drug to be used in the treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus in place of insulin.
- ItemOpen AccessToxicity of Mucuna pruriens seed extract on the kidney of adult Sprague-Dawley rats(The Kenya Society for Basic and Applied Pharmacology (KeSoBAP), 2018) Gbotolorun, S.C.; Isah, P.K.; Adebajo, O.A.Background: The commonly acceptable knowledge that herbal medications have little or no toxicity and are absolutely safe makes people consume them indiscriminately. All parts of Mucuna pruriens have been reported to possess valuable medicinal properties, but its potential toxicity on vital organs remains unexplored. Objective: To determine the deleterious effect of Mucuna pruriens on the Kidney of Adult Sprague-Dawley Rats. Methodology: Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were used and divided into four groups of five rats per group. Group I served as control and received distilled water and groups II-IV received 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of the extract respectively for 2 weeks. The animals were sacrificed, blood was collected for kidney function test and the kidneys were excised via ventral laparatomy. The right kidney was fixed for histological studies while the left kidney was analysed for biochemical markers of oxidative stress Results: Lipid peroxidation increased significantly while superoxide dismutase and glutathione recorded a significant decrease in activities when the treated groups were compared to control. Creatinine decreased significantly and urea increased significantly when treated groups were compared to control. Histological sections showed degenerative changes and tubular necrosis in the kidney at higher doses. Conclusion: Mucuna pruriens causes degenerative changes in glomerular epithelia and reduced urea clearance possibly by an oxidative stress mechanism.
- ItemOpen AccessA comparison of the anti-diabetic potential of D-ribose-L-cysteine with insulin, and oral hypoglycaemic agents on pregnant rats(Toxicology Reports, 2018) Osinubi, A.A.A; Medubi, L.J; Akang, E.N; Sodiq, L.K; Samuel, T.A; Kusemiju, T; Osolu, J; Madu, D; Fasanmade, OOver 18% of pregnant women are affected by diabetes mellitus (DM) and Insulin has been the commonest drug used in its treatment. There are reports of noncompliance to insulin due to trypanophobia, with suggestions for the use of oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHAs). However, the opposing views about the benefits and risk of oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHAs) warrant a continuous search for an alternative regimen. Therefore, this study is aimed at comparing the antidiabetic effects of D-ribose-L-cysteine (riboceine) with vildagliptin, glibenclamide, metformin, glipizide and insulin in diabetes in pregnancy. Forty (40) female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were mated with twenty (20) male SD rats. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin and the female SD rats were divided into 8 groups of five (5) rats each. The animals were administered either of the OHAs vildagliptin, glibenclamide, metformin, glipizide and riboceine for a period of 19 gestational days. The results showed that streptozotocin (STZ) significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the weights of the animals, increased malondialdehyde, blood glucose levels and altered reproductive hormones. These effects of STZ were better ameliorated in animals that received insulin and riboceine compared to the other OHAs. While progesterone levels were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in animals that received riboceine compared to insulin. Glibenclamide increased (p < 0.05) foetal weights compared to non-diabetic animals. In conclusion, glibenclamide may be a threat to mother`s life in the management of diabetes in pregnancy however, riboceine as well as vildagliptin, metformin and glipizide are effective oral hypoglycaemic agents which could serve as a potent adjuvant comparable to insulin in the management of diabetes during gestation.
- ItemOpen AccessAssociation of adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) polymorphisms with measures of obesity in Nigerian young adults(Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics, 2018) Ogundele, O.E; Adekoya, K.O; Osinubi, A.A; Awofala, A.ABackground: The association of obesity with adiponectin gene has been reported in different populations with various inconsistencies. Data from Nigeria is very scanty on the association. Aim: We investigated possible associations of adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) single nucleotide polymor- phisms (SNPs) rs2241766 (+45T>G in exon 2), rs266729 (!11377C>G in promoter) and rs1501299 (+276G>T in intron 2) with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC), in our cross-sectional study. Subjects and methods: SNPs in ADIPOQ were genotyped in 107 subjects (81 females, 26 males; mean age 22.2years) by Sequenom MassARRAY. Notably, rs2241766 was removed for not reaching Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. BMI was calculated (kg/m2) while WC and HC were measured using stan- dard procedures Results: Linear regression showed that variant rs1501299 was not associated with BMI, WC or HC but rs266729 was associated with increased measures of obesity involving BMI (recessive model; beta coefficient [b], 12.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.47, 19.24, codominant model; GG, b, 13.08; 95% CI, 6.71, 19.46, GC, b, 1.04; 95% CI, !0.60, 2.68 and log-additive model; b, 2.117; 95% CI, 0.55, 3.68), WC (recessive model; b, 22.17; 95% CI, 7.11, 37.23 and codominant model; GG, b, 21.857; 95% CI, 6.74, 36.98, GC, b, !1.459; 95% CI, !5.34, 2.43) and HC (recessive model; b, 33.56; 95% CI, 15.41, 51.70, codom- inant model; GG, b, 34.171; 95% CI, 16.04, 52.30, GC, b, 2.771; 95% CI, !1.79, 7.34 and log-additive model; b, 5.466; 95% CI, 1.14, 9.80). Conclusion: This study in young Nigerian adults confirmed previously reported association of SNP !11377C>G with obesity measures in other populations.
- ItemOpen AccessQuinine inhibits ovulation and produces oxidative stress in the ovary of cyclic Sprague-Dawley rats(Faculty of Medicine, Makarere University, 2018-06-22) Gbotolorun, SC; Oghenevwakpeje, I; Bamisi, OD; Osinubi, AAA; Okanlawon, AOBackground: Quinine has been reported to possess anti-spermatogenic activities. Objectives: This study was carried out to determine the effect of quinine on ovarian function in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: Twenty rats with regular 4-days oestrous cycle divided into 4 groups (N=5) were used. Group I received quinine at 30 mg/kg body weight by gavage for 28 days after which they were sacrificed. The ovaries were excised for biochemical oxidation of glutathione peroxidase (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and malondialdehyde (MDA). Group II received single dose quinine at 30 mg/kg body weight at 0900 hrs on day of proestrus. Blood was obtained at 1800 hrs for hormonal assay of FSH and LH. The animals were sacrificed the next morning on estrus: oviducts were examined for ova count. Groups III and IV served as controls. Results: Quinine treated rats recorded zero number of ova compared to control. Serum concentration of LH reduced significantly in the quinine treated group compared to the control. Furthermore, quinine significantly decreased the oxidant status of GSH, SOD and catalase and significantly increased MDA levels in the ovary compared to the control group. Conclusion: Quinine completely blocks ovulation, suppresses LH surge, and produces oxidative stress in the ovary