Building- Conference Papers

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    Open Access
    Management of Labour Only Contracts in the Nigerian Construction Industry: Basis of Award and Execution
    (2003) Adenuga, O. A.
    Globalisation, the down town in the economy, with the resultant lean economic resources in Nigeria have led many clients, to adopt the labour-only contracting system as a means of saving cost. This is not only for piecework’s such as alteration and refurbishment, but for the construction of new projects. The paper focused on the management of labour-only contracting system by examining its method of planning, organization, control, coordination and implementation. The scheduling of the resources were also examined. Performances were monitored in the area of cost, time and quality. Opinions of the parties involved consisting of clients, contractors and consultants were sampled. Selective sampling procedures were adopted for the targeted population. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics. From the analysis, the paper concluded that the system is becoming an increasingly prominent feature of the construction labour market. The success largely depends on the cooperation between the parties involved. The paper also revealed that the system is innovative and cost effective, but it could be confrontational, complex and uninspiring. When there is a breach of contract, this could result into delay and cost over-run.
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    Open Access
    Assessment of Factors Affecting Maintenance Management of Public Hospital Buildings in Lagos State, Nigeria
    (RICS, Georgia tech publishers, 2007) Adenuga, O. A.; Odusami, K. T.; Faremi, J. O.
    The study focused on factors affecting maintenance management of public hospital buildings in Lagos state. It also assessed the operational state of public hospital buildings within the study area. In achieving these objectives, opinions of maintenance officers and users of selected public hospital buildings were sampled through structured questionnaires. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The analysis revealed the operational state of public hospital buildings in Lagos State as been average, and there is no significant difference in the perception of the maintenance staff and the users as to the operational state. Maintenance officers and users of the buildings both ranked insufficiency of fund for maintenance programme as second most significant factor among other factors responsible for poor maintenance management of our public hospital buildings. Other factors found to be highly significant by the maintenance officers are; attitude of users and misuse of facilities, lack of discernible maintenance culture, inadequate training and reluctance of some establishment to support innovations. The users on their own perspective, ranked the inflation of cost of maintenance by the operatives, use of poor quality components and materials by the maintenance department and without long-term arrangements for the supply of essential parts for replacement as the most significant factor affecting maintenance management respectively. The study recommended proactive measures to reduce the occurrence of defects in the buildings elements and services. Governments are to provide adequate funding for the running of public hospitals and it should be a government policy that every hospital either public or private must have maintenance policy guiding the implementation of their maintenance programme. Building elements should be regularly inspected to ensure their functionality.
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    Open Access
    A Study of Facilities for Physically Disabled People in Public Buildings in Nigeria
    (2007) Soyingbe, A.; Ogundairo, A. M.; Adenuga, O. A.
    Human beings are physically disabled some time in their lives. Those who remain healthy and without disability all their lives are few. Thus, public buildings should be accessible and barrier-free to both able and disabled people. Disabled people find it difficult to gain access into and operate freely without assistance in many public buildings in Nigeria. The study took inventory of facilities available for disabled people in public buildings. The inventory covered the identification and ascertaining the functional state of the facilities. A total of 257 public buildings were studied. The results show that major facilities required by disabled people are lacking in many public buildings. Some of the facilities identified in few public buildings are in poor state of operation. However, absence of these key facilities restricts the activities of people with physical disability. Hence, they cannot work and become productive as tax-paying members of the nation. Due to shortfall or perhaps total neglect in provision of these facilities, their movement, competence and talents are being restricted. These equally constitute a barrier in the development of their abilities. The society at large is deprived of the abilities and talents in people with disabilities.
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    Open Access
    Assessment of the Determinant Factors of Do-It-Yourself (DIY) Maintenance Approaches to Housing: A Perspective of Owner-occupiers and Tenants
    (2011-09) Abisuga, O.; Adenuga, O.; Farinloye, O.
    The study assessed the practice of do-it-yourself (DIY) maintenance as a means of improving housing stock in Lagos state. The study identified the factors influencing and militating against the practice. In achieving the set objectives, the study adopted research survey technique. A total of 300 questionnaires comprising 160 for owner-occupiers and 140 for tenants were administered for the study. The population was selected from fifteen (15) local government areas in Lagos state, based on stratified random sampling technique. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of the study revealed that the factors influencing the practice of do-it-yourself (DIY) maintenance are; to provide a habitable environment, to retain the performance of facilities amongst others while the factors militating against the practice are; jobs involving special skills, health and safety issues, lack of technical know-how amongst others. The hypotheses postulated reveal that there is an association between the factors influencing the practice of do-it yourself (DIY) maintenance by the owner-occupiers and the tenants. There is also an agreement between the factors militating against the practice as perceived by the owner-occupiers and the tenants. Based on the findings, the study recommends vocational training for building users, building products should be user’s friendly, provision of DIY manual for products and tools that will facilitate the practice amongst others.
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    Open Access
    SLUM DEVELOPMENT AND HOUSING NEEDS: A CASE STUDY OF IWAYA SLUM IN LAGOS STATE
    (2014) Kukoyi, A.; Kukoyi, P.O.; Nduka, D.; Igwe, J.
    It has been upheld that, slum development in urban cities is as a result of urban poverty and intra-city inequality. Although, it has been asserted that most people who live in slums are poor; conversely, not all slum dwellers are poor. This study seeks to investigate the factors influencing housing needs of people residing in slums, using Iwaya in Lagos state, Nigeria, as a case study. In order to achieve the study‘s objective, survey was adopted. Using semi-structured interviews, the factors influencing housing needs of slum dwellers was investigated towards unearthing these current and festering issues. The findings reveal that finance and social status are not the only factors influencing people‘s choice to live in slums. Therefore, it is recommended that stakeholders need to develop an all-inclusive framework in order to eradicate slums or upgrade the living conditions of slum dwellers. However, full details of generalizable factors are yet to emerge and needs to be further explored, especially as the threat of slums remains unresolved.
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    Open Access
    Assessment of Risks Associated with The Procurement of Facilities Management Services in Nigeria
    (CIB W107 2014 International Conference, 2014) Faremi, J.O; Adenuga, O.A; John, I.B; Akinbode, A.T
    Facilities management (FM) services can be managed in-house, outsourced or partly in house and partly outsourced (Hybrid). Each of the FM procurement options possesses inherent risks of grave consequences. This study aim at assessing risks inherent in each of the procurement options for FM services. A structured questionnaire was used as the principal instrument for this study. 75 copies of structured questionnaires were distributed, 55 were completed and returned representing 73% response rate. Data for the study was processed and analysed using SPSS for both descriptive and inferential statistics. The analysis revealed risks with the highest level of potential occurrence in in-sourcing FM services as low labour productivity, overstaffing and poor accountability. While, threat to data security, loss of management controls and poor motivation are major risks in outsourcing FM services. This studv concludes that poor accountability and loll' labour productivity are major risk factors that cuts across all FM procurement routes that is capable of affecting employees' relationship and passion for work. Performance reward and regular account reconciliation are therefore recommended since this can either reinforce an outsourcing relationship or enhance an in-house retaining of FM services.
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    Open Access
    FACTORS AFFECTING MAINTENANCE COST OF INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS
    (2014) Faremi, Julius Olajide; Adenuga, Olumide; John, Iniobong Beauty
    Building maintenance management in institutions and organisations with sizeable building assets is a complex and multi-faceted process that involves planning, directing, controlling and organizing resources for the sustenance of the building’s physical, functional and operational performance. The purpose of this research work is to propose ways of optimizing maintenance expenditure of institutional buildings in Nigeria. Based on review of literatures, factors impacting maintenance costs were categorized into four categories comprising of; building characteristics, political factors, technical and administrative factors respectively. A questionnaire survey of maintenance departments’ staff of tertiary institutions in Lagos State was conducted and the data were analyzed using the statistical packages for social science (SPSS). The study reveals the predominant factors affecting maintenance costs of institution buildings to include; age, floor area and vertical spread of buildings, poor building designs, improper coordination of incorporated building services and deferred maintenance. The study recommends a review of maintenance policies for institutional buildings with a view to equipping the maintenance organisations with competent hands and skilled personnel to handle maintenance activities of critical systems and services in institution buildings.
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    Open Access
    THE TRAINING AND EDUCATION OF BUILDING SERVICES PROFESSIONALS IN THE NIGERIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
    (2014-01) Kukoyi, P.O.
    Challenges’ currently facing the construction industry is skill mismatch. Shortage of professionals in the building services subsector have led to the influx of inadequately trained persons. One of the major problems the society is facing today is the issue of homes, schools and offices having a poor indoor environmental quality. This leads to ill-health, learning difficulties and poor productivity often reported by occupants. Human beings spend about 70-80% of their time indoors this implies the need for a healthy indoor environment. This study aims to understand the training provisions of building services professionals in Nigeria. Mixed method research approach will be employed. The case study will in part, comparatively evaluate the Nigerian and UK building services curricula by collecting information on the curricula in use, semi-structured interviews with professionals to gain an understanding based on their experience and questionnaires to identify relationships and trends in training provisions. A framework for educating and training of building services professionals will be proposed to improve the performance and efficiency of the built environment. The study is part of an ongoing PhD programme aimed at finding solutions to the industry’s Building services problems in Nigeria and presented at this stage in theory prior to data collection.
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    Open Access
    The Scope of Construction Professionals Skills
    (The Nigerian Institute of Building, 2015-08) Oladiran, O.J
    Skills are essential in the construction industry. Construction works are complex and labour-intensive. Construction professionals are saddled with the responsibility of managing these complex works and pharaonic-human resources. Thus, the professionals require specific skills to carry out these tasks. The study investigates the scope of construction professionals I skills in Nigeria. The objective is to establish the content of the skills expected of construction professionals. This is achieved by comparing the opinions of two groups of respondents, namely: the educators and industry practitioners inLagos State. Questionnaires were administered to the educators via census method and to the industry practitioners via purposive sampling method. A sample size of 65 was used, while descriptive and inferential tools were usedfor analysis. The study reveals 21 skills that should form the scope of construction professionals' skills. The study therefore recommends that construction professionals should strive to develop themselves in these skills for optimal performance in the industry. The study is significant because these skills could serve as benchmarks for engaging professionals and to measure their performance.
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    Open Access
    Ethical Decision Making as a Driver for Change in Health and Safety (H&S) in the Nigerian Construction Industry: A Strategy for the next Decade
    (2015-11-30) Kukoyi, P.O.; Smallwood, J.
    The construction industry is known for its poor H&S record. This record has been linked to non-compliance with H&S requirements on construction sites. In a developing country such as Nigeria, inadequate statutory laws and regulations have exacerbated the situation. Thus, adoption of ethics could ameliorate the poor H&S performance within the construction industry. A state-of-the-art review of literature was conducted, the selection criteria focused on studies addressing ethical decision making in H&S practices in construction-related literature. The findings indicate that studies focused on ethical decisions in H&S practice in the construction industry are limited. Based on the review of literature, it is evident that ethical decisions can improve social responsibility and H&S performance in the construction industry. The trends and gaps can also serve as a motivation for future studies aimed at promoting a healthier and safer construction environment
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    Open Access
    WORKMENHEALTH AND SAFETYONINDIGENOUS CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORSSITESIN LAGOS STATE
    (International Conference on Infrastructure Development in Africa, 2016) Faremi, O.J; Adenuga, O; John, B.I; Adetayo, O
    This study investigates health and safety incidences on construction projects handledby indigenous contractors. It assesses the frequency at which health and safetyincidences occur on construction sites and evaluates potential factors that couldinfluence health and safety performance of indigenous construction contractors onconstruction sites within the study area. A survey of randomly selected sites within thestudy area was conducted using self-administered structured questionnaires asinstruments of primary data collection. The data collected were analyzed usingdescriptive and inferential statistics. The analysis showed that the rate at whichaccidents occur on indigenous contractors’ site is high. Rated as the most significantcauses of accidents onconstructionsitesare injury from nails, sharp objects andhandheld tools. This study concludes that giving monetary incentives to workmen forcarrying out construction task in a safe manner, regular safety inspections duringconstruction activitiesand carrying out disciplinary action for activities carried outunsafely are measures that could enhance the health and safety performance ofconstruction contractors. This study then develop a model that could assist indigenouscontractors predict the likelihood of accident occurrence from unsafe condition, unsafeact and near miss on a construction site.
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    Open Access
    Workers’ Perception regarding health and safety (H&S) practices in the Nigerian construction industry
    (2016-02-02) Kukoyi, P.O.; Smallwood, J.
    Construction projects are reputed for their poor H&S record when compared to other industries. This can be attributed to an uncontrolled working environment, risk, workers’ behaviour in relation to H&S commitment, cultural and religious beliefs, and uncertainties inherent in projects. These expose workers, engaged in productive activities on construction projects, to hazards, and risks, which result in fatalities and other injuries. The aim of this study is to explore the perceptions of workers regarding H&S and how they relate to their behaviour on construction sites. The study employed a largely qualitative research approach. Various construction workers (ironworkers, masons, carpenters, roofers, and electricians) were interviewed on sites in Lagos State, Nigeria. The findings of the study reveal that workers view productive activities on construction sites as hazardous and risky. However, H&S practices are viewed by workers as unimportant. This perception may also be attributed to their socio-economic realities, cultural and religious beliefs, and inadequate training. Therefore, it is vital for the government and stakeholders in the construction industry in Nigeria to establish localised H&S certifications, policies, and awareness through traditional and religious organisations so as to foster commitment to H&S on construction sites. Further research is needed to understand the training needs of workers in the Nigerian construction industry.
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    Open Access
    Human Resource Management in the Nigerian Construction Firms: Practices and Challenges
    (Journal of Construction Business and Management, 2017-07-13) Ameh, John , O.; Daniel, Emmanuel, I
    Improvement on human resource management is critical to overall productivity and cost effectiveness in the construction industry. This study assesses the current human resource management practices in the Nigerian construction organisation and the challenges confronting it. Questionnaire survey was adopted for data collection while the sampling technique was purposive. Ninety eight human resource managers and construction professionals in two categories of construction organisations (client organisations involved in housing development and contractor organisations) were sampled. The results reveal that due process was followed in the recruitment process but the selections of desired candidates were often hampered by interferences and competitive work conditions. Furthermore, training and development practices were superficial, involving orienting newly recruited employee on facilities for optimum performance rather than developing employee job related competences. Provision of appropriate/modern working tools and equipment and provision of incentives and benefits to staff were the prevailing motivation and labour union practices. Challenges facing human resource management practice in the Nigerian construction industry include high labour turnover, interference at the selection stage, competitive wages and compensation issues among others. Further research is required to assess the impact of identified human resource practices on productivity and project performance.
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    Open Access
    PREVALENCE OF FACTORS AFFECTING MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT OF PRISON FACILITIES IN SOUTH-WEST, NIGERIA.
    (University of Salford, 2017-09-11) Ajayi, O; Faremi, O.J; Adenuga, O
    The prevalence of diverse factors affecting maintenance management determines the impact of such factors on the maintenance of prison facilities. This study investigates factors that affect the maintenance management of prison facilities in South-West, Nigeria. Questionnaires were used to collect data from the prison staff in the maintenance unit of all prisons situated in South-west, Nigeria. The statistical tools employed for the study were percentage, mean scores, kendall’s coefficient of concordance test of agreement. Result showed that deterioration due to age of facilities, overcrowding, inadequate plant and equipment for maintenance operations as well as inadequate training and development for prison maintenance staff are critical underlying factors. This result enabled the maintenance unit to identify the predominance factors. The study acknowledged the predominance barriers to implementation of satisfactory maintenance management. For better management of maintenance of prison facilities; study recommends that the government should provide all necessary maintenance and capital resources. Such as sufficient maintenance budgets, plant and equipment for maintenance operations and enabling policies that would ensure functionality of prison facilities.
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    Open Access
    Assessment of the Correlation between the Quality of Building Materials and Strength of Concrete Members in the Building
    (International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 2018-03) Ogunde, Ayodeji, O.; Egbanubi, kehinde, C.; Ameh, John , O.; OPeyemi, Joshua
    The constituents of concrete have a significant amount of influence on the strength of concrete. Consequently, this research work addressed the use of compressive strength test to determine concrete strength. To achieve the aim, experiments were carried out on three different aggregate sizes-19mm, 16mm, and 13.2mm. The results showed the silt percent contained in each tested aggregate, 3% for fine aggregate, 1% for 13.2mm aggregate, and 0.05% for both 16mm and 19mm aggregate size. It also showed the moisture percent contained in the fine aggregate sample was 2.56%, the workability of the tested concrete of mix ratio1: 1 1 2 2 was 0.95, the Impact Value (toughness) of the aggregates; 9.01% for the 13.2mm size, 7.13% for the 16mm, and 7.95% for the 19mm size of aggregate. The compressive strength test showed that the 19mm size aggregate had the highest strength after each seven days. For the test on concrete members (column), Schmidt hammer test was carried out to determine the strength and variation in the workmanship of each tested column. The result of this research work showed that the 19mm aggregate had the most strength; and that the aggregate sizes influence the strength of the concrete. The research also showed that for each concrete member there is high variation in strength due to variation in workmanship. It is recommended that columns should be tested periodically for variation in strength to avoid building collapse.
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    Open Access
    SUSTAINABLE FACILITIES MANAGEMENT FOR SMART BUILDINGS: A CASE STUDY OF THE HERITAGE PLACE, IKOYI LAGOS.
    (University of Lagos, 2018-07-24) Faremi, O.J; Adenuga, O; Ameh, O.J; Zakariyyah, I.K; Ajayi, O.O; John, B.I; Adegoriola, M
    As smart buildings spring up within the metropolis of Lagos State, Nigeria to provide a safer, more secure, productive and comfortable environment. Among the attendant challenges is the delivery of strategic facilities management services to maximise the building’s efficiency and achieve the expected return on investment. This study investigates sustainable facilities management practices in Lagos State using the Heritage Place as a case study. A survey was conducted on 15 facilities management personnel and 64 users of the facility. The mean and relative importance index were used as the descriptive statistical tools while the t-test was employed as the inferential statistical tool. The result shows that the most frequently practised sustainable facilities management practice includes; compliance with the preventive maintenance schedules and prompt response to repairs and corrective work activities in the facility. Although the users of the facility were dissatisfied with the level of implementation of most of the hypothesized sustainable facilities management practice, the result shows marginal satisfaction of the users for integrated pest management and optimised waste management respectively. The study recommends that managers of smart office buildings should sustain the effort at implementing sustainable facilities management practices in order to significantly and continuously improve operations and maintenance activities in the buildings. The efforts of the managers of smart office buildings should be geared to the delivery of strategic facilities management services that meet the expectations of users of these facilities.
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    Open Access
    FACTORS INFLUENCING BUILDING MAINTENANCE SOURCING DECISION IN NIGERIA SOUTHWEST UNIVERSITIES
    (University of Lagos, 2018-08-28) Faremi, O.J; Adenuga, O; John, B.I; Adegoriola, M; Muraina, A.O
    Appropriate decision making on either to insource or outsource maintenance services in universities is a strategic task. Such a decision-making process is usually complex and challenging. Insourcing maintenance services, different sourcing option suits different maintenance scenarios, hence the need to study the factors influencing decision to insource or outsource maintenance services in any particular organisation or institution. Through a crosssectional survey, data were gathered from 112 respondents comprising a census of 28 maintenance managers and purposive sampling of 84 maintenance technical staff. The relative influence index and the Welch‘s test were employed as statistical tools for data analysis. The results indicate that factors influencing insourcing of maintenance services in universities include: the development of in-house maintenance staff, technological requirements uncertainty and the difficulty in getting trustworthy contractors. Factors influencing building maintenance outsourcing decision in universities include the need for specialised expertise, strategic alliance with contractors and the need for specialised management. The results of the Welch‘s ANOVA F (2, 87) =3.50, p=0.17 and F (2, 92) =2.08, p=0.26, showed that there was no significant difference in the factors influencing insourcing and outsourcing decisions across federal, state and private universities respectively. The study concludes that insourcing decision is influenced by management factors while outsourcing decision are influenced by strategic and technological factors.
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    Open Access
    Ethical ideology and Nigerian building professionals’ ambivalence toward ethical issues
    (London South Bank University, 2018-11) Ameh, John , O.
    Consensus is that corruption and other ethical lapses are prevalent in the construction industry. Professional ethical lapses often lead to huge economic loss in the form of additional cost of projects, rework engendered by poor quality of works, frequent maintenance management of buildings, and in extreme cases collapse of building. Ethical ideology accounts for variation in individuals’ perception about moral issues and consequent behaviour notwithstanding existence of professional code of conduct. The purpose of this study is to examine the dimensions of ethical lapses within the Nigerian building industry, and also investigate factors that influence professionals’ ultimate decision to engage or refrain from ethically questionable behaviour in the procurement of building project. The study methodology involves cross-sectional survey of key built environment professionals in consulting, contracting and client organisations. The findings will form needed benchmark for resolving ethical issues in the building industry in developed and developing countries.
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    Stakeholders Response to the Menace of Building Collapse in Lagos, Nigeria
    (London South Bank University, 2018-11) Ameh, John , O.
    The phenomenon of building collapse in Nigeria and the accompanying fatality and magnitude of economic loss have been issues of concern to stakeholders, particularly the professionals in the built environment and the government. This paper outlines historical records of building collapse incidences in Lagos State, Nigeria in the last 10 years and examines stakeholders’ response to the menace with a view to providing intervention policies for resolving ethical issues in the building industry in developing countries. Content analysis was used for data obtained primarily from secondary sources. Findings reveal that the menace of building collapse is pronounced in the Ikeja and Lagos administrative divisions, and common among the two- and three-storey residential building categories. Timely interventions of Building Collapse Prevention Guild and Building Control Agency led to significant reduction in the incidences and fatalities. It is hoped that other developing countries facing similar ethical issues in their building industry will lean from the interventions in Lagos State, Nigeria.
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    Open Access
    Management practices undermining health and safety in construction
    (2021-11-15) Kukoyi, P.O.; Adebowale, O.; Smallwood, J.
    Increasing awareness of the importance of a healthy and safe work environment has contributed to the rising concern for the current unhealthy and unsafe practices in construction. Construction projects are complex, therefore, traditional methods of achieving the desired construction health and safety (H&S) objectives are fast becoming ineffective. Therefore, it is imperative to continue to rethink innovative ways to achieve H&S objectives during the execution of projects. The purpose of this study is to determine management practices contributing to H&S incidents during construction. The study entailed the administration of a questionnaire to gather data from 286 construction stakeholders in the Nigerian construction industry. Mean scores (MSs) were used to rank the influence of management practices that contribute to H&S incidents. The study established that contractors’ poor H&S culture, unhealthy and unsafe practices largely influence H&S on jobsites. This correlates with the H&S attitudes, beliefs, perceptions, and values that management share at workplaces. The study concluded that poor H&S culture is a major challenge that undermines H&S performance in the Nigerian construction industry. To this end, the study proposed the need for the government to enact H&S laws that suit the peculiarities of the Nigerian construction.