Sociology-Scholarly Publications
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- ItemOpen AccessAchieving Community Security and Safety in Nigeria through Community Policing(Africa World Press, 2017) Soyombo, O.
- ItemOpen AccessAdequacy of parental provisions and safe sex practices among young people in Lagos metropolis(Springer, 2013-01-26) Kunnuji, M.O.N.Available data on youth sexuality suggest that many young people are sexually active and a significant proportion of them are involved in risky sexual activities such as unprotected sex and multiple sexual partnerships. Some studies suggest that poverty is a determinant of involvement in risky sexual activities while other studies maintain that there is no association between poverty and involvement in risky sexual activities. Studies have hardly questioned the relationship between adequacy of financial provisions for young people and youth involvement in risky sexual activities. This study sought to examine whether young people with financial provisions not adequate to meet their needs, irrespective of the amount of their allowances in absolute terms, are more likely to be involved in risky sexual activities than those who report adequacy of financial provisions. Using data from a survey of 1,159 adolescents from the city of Lagos, the study concludes, having controlled the effect of age and other potential confounders, that inadequacy of financial provisions is a predictor of involvement with multiple sexual partners, but not a predictor of condom use among young people.
- ItemOpen AccessAdolescence, young adulthood and internet use in Nigeria: a review of what is known and unknown(2014) Kunnuji, M.O.N.The aim of this article is to show the state of knowledge on the use of the internet among adolescents and young adults in Nigeria. The article begins with a brief review of the origin and nature of the internet and its centrality to human interactions today. It also addresses the challenges of adopting the universal definition of adolescence. The paper draws from research findings from across the globe and data from a survey of 1120 adolescents and young adults in Lagos metropolis in providing answers to the questions on the prevalence of internet use across developmental stages in adolescence and young adulthood. It also provides answers to the question on what adolescents do on the internet, the relationship between online and offline activities as well as the implications of the use of the internet by adolescents and young adults. The paper concludes by bringing to the fore, the gaps in knowledge in this area of study
- ItemOpen AccessAdolescent Sexuality Education and the Cost of the Conspiracy of Silence: Lessons from Nigeria(SSRN, 2006-12) Bammeke, F.O.This study seeks to evaluate the extent of the knowledge of sexuality education among in-school adolescents as well as ascertain the sources of their knowledge. It also seeks to establish the relationship between knowledge of sexuality issues and sexual behavior. Using a multi-stage sampling technique, the study obtained data from 1350 adolescents in State–owned senior secondary schools in Lagos state, Nigeria. Findings from the study show that majority of the adolescents had, at one time or the other, been confused about relationship with members of the opposite sex, their bodies and even relationships with friends of the same sex. Although adolescents acknowledged that parents had prepared them for changes in their bodies more than their friends, such preparation did not include information on sex, prevention of pregnancy or what to expect in a relationship. Friends/classmates constitute adolescents’ first source of information on these issues and they are the ones from whom adolescents seek counsel when they are confused. The study underscores the need to break the silence surrounding sexuality in Nigeria as in other African societies.
- ItemOpen AccessAfrica Demographic Structure and Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals 1 -3(Africa – British Journals, 2021) Kunnuji, M.; Eshiet I.; Bishwajit G.; Owolabi T.J.; Sani YahayaThe progress of African countries towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is uneven, with the Northern African countries and small island states taking the lead. Little is known about the influence of population size, growth, urbanization, age structure/dependency ratio on SDGs 1 – 3, which border on eradication of poverty, hunger and access to healthcare for all. We analysed the relationship between these population-related variables and SDGs 1-3 at the country level, using data extracted from two sources: The United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs’ 2017 World Population Prospects, and the Sustainable Development Goals Center for Africa & Sustainable Development Solutions Network 2018 publication – Africa SDG Index and Dashboards Report. Using correlation and multiple regression analyses, we found population growth rate, urbanization and fertility to significantly predict indicators of SDGs 1-3 among African countries. High fertility is associated with a low proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel and high maternal and child mortality. Urbanization is associated with a reduced proportion of the population living in poverty and hunger. The results show that population growth rate is negatively associated with maternal and child mortality. We discussed the implications of the findings for achieving SDGs 1-3 and recommended a multi-level approach to helping African countries achieve these goals.
- ItemOpen AccessAge at first birth and fertility differentials among women in Osun State, Nigeria(2012) Oyefara, J.L.This paper examines the nexus between age at first birth and fertility differentials among women in Osun State, Nigeria. The rationale for this central objective was based on the fact that a lucid explanation on the relationships that exist between various indicators of socioeconomic development and fertility level after controlling for the age at first birth is an important phenomenon in understanding developmental process at both individual and societal levels. Thus, basic knowledge about the intricacies and interrelationship between these variables is of direct relevance to planners and policymakers attempting to integrate population variables into development planning. To achieve the central objective of the paper, empirical quantitative data from Osun State were used. Findings of the study show that irrespective of socio-demographic characteristics of women (such as place of residence, current age, occupational status, educational level, marital status and form of marriage), women who had their first birth below age 20 years exhibit significant higher number of children ever born in comparison with women who had their first birth by age 20 years and above at P<0.01 most especially when the later were at similar categories to the former. Thus, age at first birth is a strong determinant, among others, responsible for relatively high fertility level in the State. Consequently, it is imperative for policymakers and development partners in the State to develop appropriate policies and programmes that will address and inhibit early age at first birth in order to control the high natural population growth rate of Osun State, Nigeria
- ItemOpen AccessAnxiety disorders and depression among high school adolescents and youths in Nigeria: Understanding differential effects of physical abuse at home and school.(PubMed, 2015-07) Fakunmoju, S.B.; Bammeke, F.O.Despite the exposure of children to physical abuse in more than one setting in many regions of the world, little is known about the associations of physical abuse in different settings (e.g., at home and school) with anxiety disorders and depression among adolescents and youths. Using a convenience sample of 502 adolescents and youths ages 13e23 years from five public and three private senior secondary schools in Nigeria, the study examined associations of gender and physical abuse by parents with anxiety disorders as well as associations of physical abuse by parents and/or teachers with depression in the sample, 39.6% of whom had experienced physical abuse at home and in school. Findings suggest that physical abuse by parents was associated with anxiety disorders and depression than physical abuse by teachers. Being female was equally associated with anxiety disorders. Implications of findings for mental health, practice, research, and theory are discussed.
- ItemOpen AccessArms Proliferation, Boko Haram Extremism and Insecurity in Nigeria(Springer, 2019-07-24) Adisa, W.B.Armed conflict is opaque in most of the third world, but Boko Haram extremism is a new dimension to the security threats facing the peace and stability of the African continent. The chapter argues that the problem of Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria is caused by a multiplicity of factors, but the illicit transfer of small arms and light weapons (SALWs) is responsible largely for the spread and lethality of the sect’s conflicts. The chapter traces the origin and political economy of this arms proliferation in Africa to the 1970s and 1980s, when many African leaders began to seek military assistance of foreign nations to end armed insurrections in their countries. With the neglect of this illicit arms transfer, coupled with the inability of the Nigerian government to effectively control its borders, the radical Islamist sect Boko Haram exploited the existing criminal networks by conniving with other radical Islamist sects in the Islamic Maghreb to get a cache of arms and ammunition used in its eight-year insurrection against the Nigerian state. The chapter suggests that an effective border control system is inevitable in Nigeria’s counterinsurgency efforts and attempts to cut off the sources of arms supply to armed groups in the country.
- ItemOpen AccessAttribution of Blame to Victim and Attitudes toward Partner Violence: Cross-National Comparisons across the United States, South Africa, and Nigeria(2015-12) Fakunmoju, S.B.; Bammeke, F.O.; Oyekanmi, F.A.D.; Rasool, S.; George, B.; Lachiusa, T.A.Although knowledge about attribution of blame and partner violence has increased over the past decades, comparative knowledge across countries is sparse. This cross-sectional survey examined cross-national differences in attribution of blame and attitudes toward partner violence among 363 respondents in the United States, South Africa, and Nigeria. Results suggest that female respondents were less likely than male respondents to attribute blame to the female victim or endorse partner violence. Respondents in Nigeria were more likely than respondents in the other countries to attribute blame to the female victim. Similarly, respondents in the United States or South Africa were less likely than respondents in Nigeria to endorse partner violence. Age, gender, race, and attitudes toward partner violence were associated with attribution of blame. Country moderated the relation between attitudes toward partner violence and attribution of blame. For respondents in South Africa, high attitudes toward partner violence were related to greater attribution of blame; however, for respondents in the United States there was a much smaller difference in blame attribution between low and high attitudes toward partner violence. In general, findings suggest that differences in gender and country are relevant to understanding blame attribution to female victim and attitudes toward partner violence.
- ItemOpen AccessAtypical adolescent sexual behaviour: A study of involvement in triolism and same gender sex in Lagos, Nigeria(2012) Kunnuji, M.O.N.A very wide range of sexual practices are available to adolescents. The options range from the socially approved act of absolute sexual chastity to uncommon ones such as group sex and same-gender sex. Many studies in the area of sexuality in Nigeria proceed from the premise that adolescent sexual behaviour hardly ever goes beyond premarital heterosexual intercourse whether it is voluntary, forced or transactional. Others are aware that other possibilities exist but hardly seek to document them. Thus, very little is known about the extent to which adolescents are involved in these “unusual” or atypical sexual practices. Using data from a survey of 614 sexually active adolescents in Lagos metropolis, this article fills the lacuna in the literature on the prevalence of atypical sexual practices in an urban setting in Nigeria. The results show that about 14% of the subjects had been involved in at least one of the two atypical sexual acts and about 1% had been involved in both acts. The study concludes therefore that sexual practices labelled “uncommon”, “atypical” or “unusual” may not be as uncommon as people often imagine.
- ItemOpen AccessBasic deprivation and involvement in risky sexual behaviour among out-of-school young people in a Lagos slum(Taylor and Francis, 2013-08-30) Kunnuji, M.O.N.Research has shown that in countries such as Nigeria many urban dwellers live in a state of squalour and lack the basic necessities of food, clothing and shelter. The present study set out to examine the association between forms of basic deprivation – such as food deprivation, high occupancy ratio as a form of shelter deprivation, and inadequate clothing – and two sexual outcomes – timing of onset of penetrative sex and involvement in multiple sexual partnerships. The study used survey data from a sample of 480 girls resident in Iwaya community. A survival analysis of the timing of onset of sex and a regression model for involvement in multiple sexual partnerships reveal that among the forms of deprivation explored, food deprivation is the only significant predictor of the timing of onset of sex and involvement in multiple sexual partnerships. The study concludes that the sexual activities of poor out-of-school girls are partly explained by their desire to overcome food deprivation and recommends that government and non-governmental-organisation programmes working with young people should address the problem of basic deprivation among adolescent girls
- ItemOpen AccessBehavioral Risk Factors for Non-Communicable Diseases in Three Most Populous Nigerian Urban Slums(2017) Akinwale, O.P.; Adeneye, A.K.; Oyefara, J.L.; Adejoh, P.E.; Musa, A.Z.; Oyedeji, K.S.; Sulyman, M.A.; Adeneye, A.A.Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are rapidly emerging public health challenges to urban populations in developing countries. The Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys of 1990 and 2003 portrayed a worrisome picture of the risk factors for NCDs in the country, and despite this, there is still paucity of current and reliable data on the burden of these risk factors to guide state and national control programs. This study aimed at understanding the prevalence of major common NCD risk factors and their distribution pattern in three most populous urban poor communities in Lagos, south-west Nigeria. Methods: A study on the behavioral risk factors for NCDs was carried out between June 2010 and October 2012 using Step 1 of the WHO STEPwise approach. It was a cross-sectional quantitative survey that made use of a semi-structured questionnaire containing both open-ended and close-ended questions. The study included 2,434 subjects, 18 years and older, and residing in the three selected slums. Results: The prevalence of behavioral risk factors reflected the interplay of underlying socio-economic driving forces such as low education attainment where 372 (15.9%) people had no formal education, 71 were unemployed (3%), and 595 were on low incomes (25.3%). Poor consumption of fruits and vegetables, high consumption of fat and alcohol, low levels of physical activity, active smoking, and illicit drug use were observed. Conclusions: The socio-demographic characteristics of the inhabitants of the urban poor communities make them vulnerable to known major risk factors for NCDs, given that the communities also had low level of educational attainment and low socio- economic status.
- ItemOpen AccessThe benefits of using a community-engaged research approach to promote a healthy lifestyle in three Nigerian urban slums(Taylor and Francis, 2015-07-15) Akinwale, O.P.; Oyefara, J.L.; Adejoh, P.E.; Adeneye, A.A.; Adeneye, A.K.; Musa, A.Z.; Oyedeji, K.S.; Sulyman, M.A.Slums are a wide range of low-income settlements with poor living conditions. The quality of the dwellings varies from simple shacks to permanent structures, while access to water, electricity, sanitation and other basic services and infrastructure tends to be limited. Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) exist in slums as the inhabitants adopt an urbanised lifestyle which places them at high risk. Lack of knowledge about the complications of NCDs and how to control them contributes to a large percentage of undetected and untreated cases. Therefore, our recently concluded study aimed to reduce the prevalence of NCDs by promoting a healthy lifestyle in three Nigerian urban slums using a community-engaged research approach. We decided to adopt this approach since community-engaged research takes place in real-world conditions, thus increasing the applicability of findings to practical applications that improve human health. Literature has shown that meaningful community involvement can improve the research process itself, as well as the ultimate findings. Research questions about health issues that concern the community are developed, and people are more likely to give their support when they understand the purpose of the research, and how the results may positively affect them. Thus, this helps when recruiting participants. In addition, research questions help to identify the health risks that are revealed through people’s participation, and helps with the development of appropriate ways to protect participants in this regard. Research questions also assist with improving study and instrument design by producing user-friendly, culturally sensitive, accurate and valid practices and measures. Furthermore, community involvement in analysis and interpretation can provide an important explanation of the results, and provide ideas that the researchers had not even considered. A community-engaged research approach provides an opportunity for greater trust and respect to be built between academic researchers and communities. This can lead to future research collaborations, as well as an improvement in community health.
- ItemOpen AccessBeyond the school: Gender of household head and children’s educational performance in Lagos state(Common Ground Research Networks, 2008) Bammeke, F.O.The lives of children are intricately tied to the ability of the household head to provide for them. The quality of life in a household may also be tied to whether or not the household head is a man or woman. This study seeks to ascertain the veracity of the assumption that children in female-headed households tend to have poorer educational performance than children in male-headed households. To achieve this objective, tests were administered on children selected from public schools in Mainland and Badagry local government areas of Lagos State who were also followed up to their households. The study found no significant statistical difference in the mean scores of children in both households. It however found that certain support factors influenced children’s educational performance. These were parents’ education, children’s access to books and regularity at school. Others were adults’ supervision of children’s school work, parents’ ability to pay fees and time available for children to do homework. The study underscores the importance of mothers’ education and suggests state support for children in households where support factors are lacking.
- ItemOpen AccessChallenges of parenting as a student(John West Publishers, 2006) Eshiet I.For most new entrants into the university, the reality of becoming an undergraduate is not only exciting and stimulating but also self-fulfilling. However, becoming a new entrant into the university system could be quite challenging and daunting, as new entrants are often confronted with the challenge of transiting into their new status as 'undergraduate students' with the attendant roles, expectations and performances. This chapter examines the challenges faced by new entrants into the university, with a focus on parenting students, using both primary and secondary data. Finding reveals that parenting students do face a lot of challenges, as they try to navigate the two competing roles of being a student and parent. However, there is a gender differential in the challenges and experiences of male and female parenting students, due to the societal ascribed gender roles for men and women. There are however solutions to these challenges. The chapter therefore, offers practical tips on how to overcome the challenges and become a successful student and parent.
- ItemOpen AccessChild Rearing and Modernity among the Igbo of Southeast, Nigeria(KCA University, 2022) Okoye, O.C.Child rearing which involves nurturing and training a child from childhood to adulthood is pivotal among the Igbo people of southeast Nigeria because children ensure their continuity. Modernity and the resultant technological innovations have immensely affected child rearing. Using qualitative method, this study seeks to examine the concept of child rearing among the Igbo people of southeast Nigeria, the extent it has been affected by modernity and make recommendation on best child-rearing method to adopt. Modernization theory is used as an explanatory framework for this study. It was established that child rearing entails feeding, nurturing, teaching and correcting children to become responsible adults. Child rearing was a communal affair in the traditional Igbo societies. Modernity resulted in most parents living in nuclear families and became solely responsible for child rearing. Socialization with people from other cultures and the modern means of communication have affected children’s behavior and the child-rearing style adopted by parents. The study, therefore, recommends that parents should consider the personality of their children and their environment before copying child-rearing style from other cultures
- ItemOpen AccessChildhood maltreatment and perception of child maltreatment among respondents in Nigeria(Sage Publications, 2016-02) Bammeke, F.O.; Fakunmoju, S.B.This study examined childhood maltreatment and perception of maltreatment among respondents in Nigeria. A sample of 304 respondents completed online questionnaire on childhood experience and perception of abusive behaviours. Descriptive analysis was used to examine the responses. Of the 71 abusive behaviours examined, a high level of consensus (95–100 per cent agreement) was reached on five sexually abusive behaviours: having sexual intercourse with a child, asking a child to perform oral sex on adults, having sex in the presence of a child, fondling the breasts of a child for sexual pleasure and forcing a child to masturbate adults or other children. Abusive behaviour least perceived as abusive was experienced by most respondents during childhood: using corporal punishment as the only form of discipline. Finally, those who experienced the following abusive behaviours during childhood were significantly less likely to perceive of them as abusive: witnessing a parent/guardian being drunk all the time and forcing a child younger than 11 years old to take care of parents/guardians or siblings almost daily. Findings highlight the potential risks of childhood experience of abusive behaviours on perception of abusive behaviours and indicate the relevance of abusive behaviours to child protection policy and practice in the region.
- ItemOpen AccessCivilian Joint Task Force and Nigeria's Counter-Terrorism Operations(2017) Amaike, G.O.Text attached
- ItemOpen AccessColonialism and the military: a discourse on the history of judicial corruption in Nigeria(2016-01-01) Adisa, W.B.Since independence, many African countries have suffered and continue to suffer from extremely high levels of bureaucratic and political corruption. Many have linked the problem to colonial rule while others have argued that the causes are internally generated. This paper argues that the problem of judicial corruption in contemporary Nigeria is a problem that is caused by the combined forces of colonialism and military intervention in Nigerian politics. The paper sustains this argument by citing instances of executive recklessness that impaired the independence of the judiciary in post-colonial Nigeria. The paper rests its discourse largely on Peter Ekeh's two publics which explains the role of colonialism, colonial ideologies and the African post-colonial ideologies in the legitimation of corruption in post-colonial public service. The paper concludes that a reform of the judiciary must take into consideration many of the outcomes that the contradictions of colonialism and military rule have caused to the judicial system in Nigeria.
- ItemOpen AccessConception on maleness within conjugal and sexual contexts and involvement in family planning /household tasks among males in delta state(2017) Eborka, K.; Oyefara, J.L.; Oyekanmi, F.A.D.Evidence indicates that there is a low level of use of modern family planning methods among men in Nigeria. As a result, many women continue to bear children even after having their desired family size; hence, the persistent high rate of fertility and maternal and child mortality in the country. This study is an attempt to investigate the role of conception on masculinity among men, and how it affects their involvement in family planning and household tasks in Delta State. It aimed to see whether how men view their position as husbands, their number of sexual partners and how they interpret sexuality influence their attitudes towards involvement in family planning and household’s tasks. Results indicate that men’s view of their position in marriage affects their involvement in family planning with p<0.001at an alpha level of 0.05. Logistics regression model reveals that men’s level of education is a predictor to males’ involvement in household tasks. In other words, the higher the education among men, the less likely they will involve in household tasks. On the basis of the findings, it was recommended that the nation’s educational curricular be reviewed to include teachings that will encourage men to participate in household tasks.