Department of Medical Microbiology and parasitology
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- ItemOpen Access16S rrna gene sequencing:a practical approach to conferring the identity of food borne bacteria(2019-08-12) Chukwu, E.E.; Nwaokorie, F.O.; Coker, A.O.; Avila-campos, M.J.; Ogunsola, F.T.One of the main challenges for clinical practice and public health surveillance is rapid and accurate identification of food borne pathogens. In Nigeria, the use of sophisticated molecular tools for foodborne pathogens detection has not been extensively adopted. Bacterial strains isolated from food products sold in Lagos, Nigeria, were subjected to phenotypic techniques and 16S rRNA gene sequencing for specie level identification. Bacterial identification was performed using colonial morphology, Gram staining, conventional biochemical tests, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The pairwise sequence similarities between all the bacterial species with official names were analysed. Out of the 30 bacterial strains isolated and sequenced, 29 (96.7%) strains had nucleotide identity to known bacterial species in the GenBank. One (3.3%) sequence contained a large number of undetermined nucleotides and was not associated with specific strain identification. This technique was efficient showing 96.6% of the isolates being identified to the genus level and 93.1% being identified to the species level. The strains that were not identified due to low similarity levels were assigned phylogenetic positions, suggesting that they may belong to new taxa. This study demonstrates that 16S rDNA sequence analysis is more accurate and objective for identification of foodborne pathogens and also offers the possibility of rapidly recognizing yet undescribed taxa.
- ItemOpen AccessA blended curriculum to improve student community health officers' competencies in newborn infection prevention and control.(Ann Med, 2023-12) Balogun M, Akodu B, Shoemaker D, Yesufu V, Onyenwenyi A, Udeh R, Ezeaka C, Ayankogbe O, Ogunsola FInfections contribute significantly to neonatal mortality in Nigeria. Community health officers (CHOs) provide maternal, newborn and child health services at the primary health care level. However, newborn infection prevention and control (NB-IPC) is not included in their current training curriculum, which has little innovation in teaching methods. This study assessed the effectiveness of a blended curriculum on NB-IPC in improving the competencies of student CHOs.
- ItemOpen AccessA continent-wide effort and solidarity at curbing COVID-19 pandemic: the Africa task force for novel coronavirus (AFTCOR) infection prevention and control technical working group's experience.(BMC Public Health, 2023-05-15) Paintsil E, Alimi Y, Abdulaziz M, Ogbuagu O, Ogunsola F, Kessy SJ, Horsney E, Lee C, Brundney K, Okwor T, Kabwe P, Waheed A, Vondran A, Bigirimana R, Ilesanmi O, Nsubuga DN, Raji T, Mankoula W, Ihekweazu C, Nkengasong JA continent-wide Africa Task Force for Coronavirus with its six technical working groups was formed to prepare adequately and respond to the novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Africa. This research in practice article aimed to describe how the infection prevention and control (IPC) technical working group (TWG) supported Africa Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) in preparedness and response to COVID-19 on the continent. To effectively address the multifaceted IPC TWG mandate of organizing training and implementing rigorous IPC measures at healthcare service delivery points, the working group was sub-divided into four sub-groups-Guidelines, Training, Research, and Logistics. The action framework was used to describe the experiences of each subgroup. The guidelines subgroup developed 14 guidance documents and two advisories; all of which were published in English. In addition, five of these documents were translated and published in Arabic, while three others were translated and published in French and Portuguese. Challenges faced in the guidelines subgroup included the primary development of the Africa CDC website in English, and the need to revise previously issued guidelines. The training subgroup engaged the Infection Control Africa Network as technical experts to carry out in-person training of IPC focal persons and port health personnel across the African continent. Challenges faced included the difficulty in conducting face-to-face IPC training and onsite technical support due to the lockdown. The research subgroup developed an interactive COVID-19 Research Tracker on the Africa CDC website and conducted a context-based operation and implementation research. The lack of understanding of Africa CDC's capacity to lead her own research was the major challenge faced by the research subgroup. The logistics subgroup assisted African Union (AU) member states to identify their IPC supply needs through capacity building for IPC quantification. A notable challenge faced by the logistics subgroup was the initial lack of experts on IPC logistics and quantifications, which was later addressed by the recruitment of professionals. In conclusion, IPC cannot be built overnight nor can it be promoted abruptly during outbreaks of diseases. Thus, the Africa CDC should build strong national IPC programmes and support such programmes with trained and competent professionals.
- ItemOpen AccessAchieving a robust mentoring and research capacity program in a LMIC – the BRAINS faculty development model(BMC Med Educ, 2023-07-20) Ogunsola FT, Sekoni A, Akanmu AS, Adeyemo WL, Osuntoki A, Manga-Atangana B, Afolabi BB, Okubadejo NU, Emmanuel M, Caleb-Adepoju SO, Folarin O, Okonkwo P, Murphy RL, Kanki PA research and training program (RTP) was carried out to build the capacity of faculty and improve the culture of research in the College of Medicine, University of Lagos (CMUL), Nigeria.
- ItemOpen AccessAetiology and risk factors for neonatal sepsis at the lagos university teaching hospital, idi-araba, Lagos, nigeria(2016-09) Shobowale, E.O.; Ogunsola, F.T.; Oduyebo, O.O.; Ezeaka, V.I.Background. Neonatal sepsis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries, accounting for a large proportion of neonatal deaths annually. Every year, 4 million neonates die, and one-third of these deaths is attributed directly to neonatal sepsis. Objectives. To determine the prevalence of neonatal sepsis, characterise and identify causative organisms and identify possible risk factors. Specific objectives were to determine the aetiological agents responsible for neonatal sepsis at Lagos University Teaching Hospital and also to identify the risk factors responsible for the development of neonatal sepsis. Methods. Venous blood pairs were collected from clinically septic admitted neonates and inoculated into BACTEC Peds Plus (BD, USA) bottles aerobically in the BACTEC 9050 system. Organisms were identified using the Microbact 12A/E system and biochemicals. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data for risk factors, which were analysed with the SPSS version 17. Results. Of 250 neonates who were sampled, 85 (34%) had pathogens recovered from their bloodstream, with Klebsiella pneumoniae the predominant organism. Risk factors for sepsis were being delivered outside the hospital (p=0.01), and by frequent changes in antibiotics (p=0.00). Conclusion. The burden of neonatal sepsis is still high in our environment as evidenced by our isolation rate of 34%. A concerted effort needs to be made to reduce this.
- ItemOpen AccessAetiology of bacteraemia among adult aids patients attending lagos university teaching hospital (luth), lagos, nigeria(2009-09-03) Ogunsola, F.T.; Arewa, D.G.; Akinsete, I.E.; Oduyebo, O.O.; Akanmu, A.S.; Odugbemi, T.O.Background: Bacteraemia is a relatively common event in HIV-infected patients, especially in late infection. Studies in Africa have shown that more than 23% of AIDS patients have bacteraemia but there is paucity of data from Nigeria. Methods: Blood samples from 67 consecutive patients with A/OS attending the Lagos University Teaching Hospitafbetween April and August 2000 were cultured. Temperature, ESR, Full blood count, and where possible C04 counts were obtained. Socio-demographic details were also recorded. Thirty apparently healthy people were randomly selected from a low-risk population to act as non-AIDS controls. The Oxoid Signal Blood Culture System was used to investigate bacteraemia. Antibiotic sensitivity tests were carried out on all isolates. Results: Twenty-two (33%) of the 67 AIDS patients were culture positive. Nontyphoidal Salmonella spp (45.5%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (22. 7%) and Staphylococcus aureus (18.2%) were most commonly isolated. One isolate each of Klebsie/la pneumoniae, Pseudomonas eeruqtnose and Bacillus spp were identified. All bacteraemic patients had temperatures above 3B°C and white blood cell counts ranged between 2, 700 - 13, 500/mm'. There was a high rate of antibiotic resistance particularly to ch/oramphenicol, tetracyclines, cotrimoxazole and blactam antibiotics. However, most isolates were still susceptible to gentamicin and the fluoroquinolones. There was no significant difference in the socio-demographics of the bacteraemic AIDS and non-bacteraemic AIDS patients. Conclusion: Salmonella spp. were the most common aetiological agent of bacteraemia among AIDS patients seen at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Niqerie. A high temperature was a pointer to the presence of bactaeraemia while total white blood cell counts were not useful. It is recommended that blood culture should be done for AIDS patients with elevated temperature irrespective of the total white blood cell count.
- ItemOpen AccessAetiology of catheter-associated bacteriuria in Lagos University Teaching Hospital(2005) Okafor, U.E.; Ogunsola, F.T.; Osinupebi, O.A.A prospective study to determine the causative agents of catheter-related bacteriuria ivas carried out on 99 patients with median age of 55 years, on admission in the Oncology, Pediatric S111ge1y and Obstetric and Gynecology wards of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital. There was significant bacteriuria in seventy-one (72%) of the 99 urine samples. All catheter urine samples were contaminated by day 5 Gram-negative bacilli were predominant (89.3%) of which Pseudomonas aeruginosa (26.2%) was the most common, while Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes accounted for 15.5% each, closely followed by Proteus ,nirabilis (14.3%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (9.5%). The Gram positive isolates Enterococcus faecal is (8.3%) and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (2.4%) made up only 10.7% of isolates. Most of the isolates front catheterised patients were resistant lo the common antibiotics such as ampiciltin, cotrimoxazole, gentamicin and ceftriaxone with high susceptibility to ojloxacin and ceftazidime though the isolates of Enterococcus faecalis 1vas also resistant to ofloxacin. However; isolates of S. saprophyticus 111ere still susceptible to the penicillins and tetracycline.
- ItemOpen AccessAntimicrobial activities of garcinia kola on oral fusobacterium nucleatum and biofilm(2010-04-04) Nwaokorie, F.; Coker, A.; Ogunsola, F.T.; Gaetti-jardim jr, E.; Oyedele, G.; Ayanbadejo, P.; Abdurrazaq, T.; Umezudike, A.The extracts from the root, bark and seed of Garcinia kola are currently used in traditional medicine in Nigeria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory activity of crude extracts of G. kola on Fusobacterium nucleatum isolated from the oral cavity. Methanol and aqueous extracts were prepared from the seed and the minimal inhibitory concentration was evaluated by the agar dilution method, using a Wilkins-Chalgren agar supplemented with horse blood (5%), hemin (5 µg/ml) and menadione (1 µg/ml). Antimicrobial activity of plant extracts on microbial biofilms was determined in microtiter plates. The seed of G. kola demonstrated significant inhibitory action on F. nucleatum isolates at a concentration of 1.25 and 12.5 mg/ml for amoxicillin resistant strain. It was able to inhibit the microbial biofilm formed by the association of F. nucleatum with Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ATCC 33384 and Prevotella intermedia ATCC 2564 at a concentration of 25 mg/ml. The in-vitro inhibitory effect of G. kola on F. nucleatum population suggests a potential role for its use in oral hygiene.
- ItemOpen AccessAntimicrobial resistance in nigeria: an overview(1997) Ogunsola, F.T.; Kesah, C.N.; Odugbemi, T.The resistance patterns of common pathogen like · $taphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiel/a pneumoniae, Neisseria gonormoeer, Neisseria meningitidis amongst others have been reviewed in the period between 1979 and 1994. The stud· ies in general have given limited information but show a general increase in resistance to commonly used antibiotics like penicillin, cotrimoxazole, ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphen.col, streptomycin and erythromycin. Sensitively rates to third generation cephalosporins, and quinolones are still high, thus, in life threatening infections, e. g: meningitis and septicaemia, treatment with these .igents is advocated for empiric therapy. This review emphasizes the urgent need for a good antibiotic policy to guide the therapy of infeclious diseases.
- ItemOpen AccessAntimicrobial susceptibility and serovars of salmonella from chickens and humans in ibadan, nigeria(2010-05-05) Kayode, F.; Folasade, O.; Frank, M.A.; Rene, S.H.Background: This study determines the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella serovars from humans and chickens in Ibadan, Nigeria, in 2004-2007. Methodology: A total of 991 blood samples were collected from patients in 2004 to 2005 and 641 fecal samples were collected from poultry farms in 2007. All Salmonella isolates were serotyped and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. Results: Thirty-nine (4%) Salmonella isolates were obtained from human blood and 70 (11%) from chicken fecal samples. The human isolates revealed nine different serovars; 82% were non-typhoidal Salmonella and 18% were (S. Typhi). The majority of serovars from humans were S. Enteritidis (33%), S. Dublin (18%), and S. Typhimurium (18%). Resistance to chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and ampicillin ranged from 36% to 59% for the human isolates. Eight different serovars were obtained from chickens; S. Virchow (71%) predominated. A high frequency (87%) of reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin was observed among the chicken isolates. A high frequency of resistance to tetracycline (93%), nalidixic acid (81%), and sulfamethoxazole (87%) was observed. Rare serovars such as S. Apapa, S. Mouschaui, S. Jukestown, S. Oritamerin, and S. Onireke were isolated from both humans and chickens. Identical serovars were not found among human and chicken isolates. Conclusions: This study indicates that chickens are not a reservoir of Salmonella causing bacteraemia among humans in Ibadan, Nigeria. Studies locating the reservoirs responsible for invasive salmonellosis in humans are needed. Controls and targeted interventions against S. Virchow and the frequent occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in chickens should be initiated to prevent the spread of this serovar.
- ItemOpen AccessAP-PCR and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Fusobacterium nucleatum associated with chronic periodontitis among patients at Lagos University Teaching Hospital(SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2012) Nwaokorie, F.O.; Coker, A.O.; Ogunsola, F.T.; Ayanbadejo, P.O.; Umeizudike, K.A.; Gaetti-Jardim, E. Jr; Avila-campos, M.J.; Savage, K.O.Aims: To isolate, identify and evaluate the genetic diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility of F. nucleatum recovered from Nigerian patients with chronic periodontitis. Study Design: Cross-sectional design. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, between January 2007 and July 2008. Methodology: We analyzed F. nucleatum species recovered from Nigerian patients with chronic periodontitis. Bacterial identification was done using colonial morphology; Grams stain reaction, conventional biochemical tests, API 20-A and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 6 antibiotics was determined by agar dilution method on Brucella blood agar while the bacterial genetic diversity was studied using the Arbitrarily Primed-PCR (AP-PCR) method with the arbitrary primer OPA-05. The interrelationship and genetic similarity matrix among the isolates was determined and by Numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system (NTSYS-pc) statistical package. Results: We obtained 48 isolates of F. nucleatum from 50 Nigerian patients (28 males and 22 females) with chronic periodontitis. They were susceptible to metronidazole, clindamycin, cefoxitin, tetracycline, amoxicillin and clavulanate. One was resistant to amoxicillin (MIC >32 µg/ml) and produced β-lactamase. The isolates were further placed into five groups (A, B, C, D and E) based on their AP-PCR profile. Conclusion: The AP-PCR analysis showed heterogeneity among strains. By using APPCR, we observed a single β-lactamase producing clone resistant to amoxicillin which eventually formed a distinct group showing that such genetic difference may have contributed to the formation of a separate clone.
- ItemOpen AccessAp-pcr and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of fusobacterium nucleatum associated with chronic periodontitis among patients at lagos university teaching hospital(2012) Nwaokorie, F.O.; Coker, A.O.; Ogunsola, F.T.; Ayanbadejo, P.O.; Umeizudike, K.A.; Gaetti-Jardim, E.J.; Avila-campos, M.J.; Savage, K.O.Aims: To isolate, identify and evaluate the genetic diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility of F. nucleatum recovered from Nigerian patients with chronic periodontitis. Study Design: Cross-sectional design. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, between January 2007 and July 2008. Methodology: We analyzed F. nucleatum species recovered from Nigerian patients with chronic periodontitis. Bacterial identification was done using colonial morphology; Grams stain reaction, conventional biochemical tests, API 20-A and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 6 antibiotics was determined by agar dilution method on Brucella blood agar while the bacterial genetic diversity was studied using the Arbitrarily Primed-PCR (AP-PCR) method with the arbitrary primer OPA-05. The interrelationship and genetic similarity matrix among the isolates was determined and by Numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system (NTSYS-pc) statistical package. Results: We obtained 48 isolates of F. nucleatum from 50 Nigerian patients (28 males and 22 females) with chronic periodontitis. They were susceptible to metronidazole, clindamycin, cefoxitin, tetracycline, amoxicillin and clavulanate. One was resistant to amoxicillin (MIC >32 µg/ml) and produced β-lactamase. The isolates were further placed into five groups (A, B, C, D and E) based on their AP-PCR profile. Conclusion: The AP-PCR analysis showed heterogeneity among strains. By using AP- PCR, we observed a single β-lactamase producing clone resistant to amoxicillin which eventually formed a distinct group showing that such genetic difference may have contributed to the formation of a separate clone.
- ItemOpen AccessAn assessment of existing common traditional methods of water purification(2002) Idika, N.; Odugbemi, T.; Ogunsola, F.T.Classicaf water purification rnathods include boiling, filfration, irradiation and tho use of chemicals while traditional water p1,rification methods in HSO are boiling, filtration, seuimentetion, long strorago and solar radiation. Waterborne diseases are m ore co,n,11011 i11 the rural communities where pot.i!:>le wetor supply covurage Is usually low. Thorefore, this study was designed to assess and n1odify oxisting water p11rif 1r.atio11 rnetltods in use In the rural communities so as to encourage their regular use. Water samples collected from various sources serving six rural communities in Agege, Epe and lkorodt1 Local Government areas of Lagos Staie were purified using each ofthc traditional ,nethods. Viab/o counts were carried out on each of the water san)plcs before .111d after the purification process. Water sa,nples contnmuuuion with known pathogens were also inctuaeo in the test. The boiling method was the n10.st efficient givin9 100% cfecontarnination after three minutes of continuous boiling. The solar method gave varying degrees of decontanvuuuicn of the water sa,nples (42-100%) depending on the tt,rbidity of tile wator and the type of contetner used for the test. Tne long storage ,nethod an,d the cloth fi.ltration methods decontaminated the wator by (0.6-4.2%) and 41% respectively. The solar water purification method -,,ou/d be encouraged. Turbid water satnples should be cloth filtered prior to exposure to the sun for maxirnum efficiency.
- ItemOpen AccessAssociated risk factors and pulsed field gel electrophoresis of nasal isolates of staphylococcus aureus from medical students in a tertiary hospital in lagos, nigeria(2007) Solayide, A.A.; Olusegun, A.A; Babajide, S.B.; Bartholomew, I.C.B.; Stella, I.S.; Kehinde, O.A.; Deborah, U.E.; Folasade, T.O.; Akitoye, O.C.Staphylococcus aureus infections are growing problems worldwide with important implications in hospitals. The organism is normally present in the nasal vestibule of about 35% of apparently healthy individuals and its carriage varies between different ethnic and age groups. Staphylococcal nasal carriage among health workers is particularly important to establish new clones and track origin of infections during outbreak situations. To determine the carriage rate and compare the pulsed field gel patterns of the strains, nasal swabs were collected from 185 medical students in a teaching hospital in Lagos, Nigeria. Isolates of S. aureus were tested for heamolysin production, methicillin sensitivity and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed. The results showed S.aureus nasal carrier rate of 14% with significant rate among males compared to females. All the isolates produced heamolysin. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern revealed that majority of the isolates was susceptible. Five strains (19%) harboured resistant determinants to penicillin and tetracycline. None of the strains was resistant to methicillin. 44% of the isolates typed by PFGE had type B, the most predominant pulsotype. PFGE A clone exhibited a single resistance phenotype suggesting a strong clonal relationship that could punctual an outbreak in the hospital. The results speculate that nasal carriage among medical personnel could be a function of various risk factors. Personal hygiene and behaviour may however be the means to reducing colonization and spread of S.aureus in our hospitals.
- ItemOpen AccessAssociation of socio-demogrpahic parameters with endocervical and vaginal pathogens of women attending a cytology clinic in lagos a pilot study(2000) Onuoha, I.E.; Ogunsola, F.T.; Anorlu, R.I.; Abudu, O.O.High Vaginal Swabs (HVS) and Endocervical Swabs (ECS) were collected from each of 112 consecutive women attending the cytology clinic of a University Teaching Hospital in Nigeria between May and August 1998. Organisms were recovered from 62 (53.4%) and 24 (21.4%) of the HVS and ECS samples respectively. Thirty-eight (33.9%) of the HVS organisms were sexually transmitted pathogens or pctentlal pathogens. Of these 1 1 2 cases, sexually transmitted pathogens made up a total of 14 (12.5%), which included (Neisseria gonorrhoea, 2 (1.8%) and Ttichomones vagina/is, 12 (10.7). The prevalence rates of endogenous organisms of pathogenic potential were; Gardnerel/a vagina/is, 8(7.1%), and Candida albicans 16 (14.3%). Of the 2 cases with N. gonorrhoea infection, one was asymptomatic while the other was co-infected with T. vagina/is. Four (33.3%) of 12 and 4 (50%) of 8 women infected with T. vagina/is and G. vagina/is respectively, had vaginitis clinically diagnosed. Six (37.5%) ol 16 of those with C. albicans had vaginal discharge. Socio demographic parameters like age occupation, education and marital status were correlated with the incidence of the Reproductive Tract Infections (RTl's). Occupation and level of education attained were found to have significantly influenced prevalence rates of the RTI pathogen (p<05).
- ItemOpen AccessAudit: an essential tool for an effective control program - the lagos university teaching hospital experience(1999) Ogunsola, F.T.; Oduyebo, O.O.; Iregbu, K.C.; Adetunji, A.A team comprising doctors in the microbiology unit and the infection control nurse of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital went round the wards/units, recording the available infection control facilities and observing some procedures while they were being performed. A questionnaire was designed for the audit which included hand washing facilities, avaiiabilily and use of protective clothing, management of linen, waste disposal procedures, sharps handling, and environmental cleanliness. A total of 25 different ward/units were visited. Running water was present in only 40°/o of ward visited and most of the staff could not carry out an effective hand wash. There was a lack of protective clothing (gloves, aprons and masks) for staff carrying out potentially infectious procedures. Waste disposal was also a problem and clinical waste appears to be accessible to the public .. While sharps containers were available in 32% of the wards, they were inappropriately utilised and knowledge of staff ns to lheir use wns poor. Over eon:, of stnff did not know what to do in the case of an inoculation injury. The wards were generally clean and well protected against mosquitoes. Patients' handwash facilities in toilets were grossly inadequate, less than 7% had running water in the toilets while soap was supplied in only one ward. This audit showed great deficiencies in the available facilities for inlection control and reveals poor staff knowledge about infection control procedures. There is obviously an urgent need for both an infection control committee in the hospital and staff training on infection control procedures.
- ItemOpen AccessBacterial agents of abdominal surgical site infections in Lagos Nigeria(2009) Mofikoya, B.O.; Neimogha, M.I.; Ogunsola, F.T.; Atoyebi, O.A.Background: Infection continues to be a major complication of abdominal surgeries with significant increased costs, morbidity and potential mortality. Identifying the agents of abdominal wound infection and instituting appropriate measures will go a long way in reducing this problem. Objective: A prospective study of the aetiological agents of abdominal wound infections at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital was designed to identify the organisms involved and document their antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Methods: Swabs of the clinically infected wounds detected in a population of 144 consecutively studied patients were taken and cultured for both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria using standard microbiologic methods. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern was also determined for the aerobic organisms cultured. Results: 25(17.4%) of the 144 patients studied developed surgical site infections. Pseudomonas was the most frequently cultured aerobic organism in 28% (n=7 )of the cultures, while Bacteroides species was the most common anaerobe isolated. It was found in 64% (n=14)of the infected patients. Over 80% of the organisms demonstrated less than 50% sensitivity to the tested antibiotics. Conclusion: The study showed that gram negative bacteria and anaerobes are the majors agents of abdominal surgical site infections in Lagos, Nigeria.
- ItemOpen AccessBacterial flora of commonly used soaps in three hospitals in Nigeria(2007) Afolabi, B.A.; Oduyebo, O.O.; Ogunsola, F.T.Objectives: To obtain general information on soap use and soap bacterial flora, and to assess the risk of transmission of organisms from contaminated soap to patients. Design: Descriptive study. Setting: Three hospitals in an urban area of Lagos, Nigeria. A teaching (761 bed) hospital, a general hospital (a 51 bed secondary healthcare facility) and a private hospital (a 30 bed private community with a surgical specialty). Results: Bar soaps were much more commonly used than liquid soaps. Out of the thirty six bar soaps and their receptacles studied, 19 (52.8%) were found wet, nine (25%) dry, five (13.9%) very dry, and three (8.3%) in a pool of water. A total of 39% soaps and 75% of receptacles were contaminated. Thirty three percent of the dry soaps and 68.4% of the wet soaps were contaminated. None of the very dry soaps and all in a pool of water were contaminated. The bacteria isolated from soaps included Pseudomonas aeruginosa (89.5%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.5%), while Pseudomonas aeruginosa (70.6%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (11.8%) and Serratia marcescens (2.9%) were isolated from the receptacles. The antibiograrn showed thatthe Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from the soaps and their containers (sinks) were distinct from those obtained from colonised or infected wounds. The soap contamination rates correlated with the conditions in which the soaps were kept. Conclusion: The type of soap containers in particular, played a vital role in keeping the soap dry or wet. In all the hospitals studied, the policies on soap use, if any, were not in agreement with the recommended guidelines. The healthcare workers need to be re-educated on these guidelines.
- ItemOpen AccessBacterial pathogens associated with secondary peritonites in Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH)(2006) Akujobi, C.N.; Nwaigwe, C.G.; Egwuatu, T.O.; Ogunsola, F.T.Secondary peritonitis is a common and serious form of inlra-abdominal infection, often associated with high morbidity and mortality. The overall patient outcome has not markedly improved in spite of advances in patient management. There is therefore need lo study the pattern of bacterial pathogens associated with secondary peritonitis in Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) and the antibiotic susceptibility pattem as that would help in formulation of empiric antibiotic policy on peritonitis and improve the outcome/prognosis of the patients. · A prospective study of 35 patients with suspected peritonitis at LUTH between February, 2002 and June 2003 · was done. Peritoneal fluids of these patients were collected intra-operatively under aseptic conditions. The specimens_ subjected to aerobic and anaerobic studies. Twenty-seven isolates were identified aerobically wilh'Escherichia coli being the most predominant organism 11(31.4%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus 6(17.1%) then Klebsiel/a spp 4(11.4%). Anaerobic culture showed Prevo/el/a species as the most predominant 14( 40%) followed by Bacteroidesfragilis group 8(22.9%). Overall, Prevotella species were the most predominant organisms isolated in LUTH patients with secondary peritonitis.
- ItemOpen AccessBarriers and Facilitators of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption among Nigerian Adults in a Faith-Based Setting: A Pre-Intervention Qualitative Inquiry(Asian Pac J Cancer Prev., 2022-05-01) Odukoya OO, Odediran O, Rogers CR, Ogunsola F, Okuyemi KSInadequate consumption of fruit and vegetable is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality associated with non-communicable diseases (NCDs). An understanding of the barriers and facilitators to consumption is important for effectiveness of intervention in Africa. We present insights among church members before developing a church-based multi-component intervention to address the inadequate consumption of fruit and vegetable.