Physiology- Scholarly Publications

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    Open Access
    Angiotensin receptor blockade with Losartan attenuates pressor response to handgrip contraction and enhances natriuresis in salt loaded hypertensive subjects: a quasi-experimental study among Nigerian adults
    (2019) Agbaraolorunpo, F.M.; Sofola, O.A.; Anigbogu, C.N.; Azinge, E.C.
    Introduction: sympathetic and Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone systems play crucial roles in blood pressure response to increased salt intake. This study investigated the effects of angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) and sympathetic excitation on the responses of blood pressure (BP) and peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) in salt loaded normotensive (NT) and hypertensive (HT) Nigerian subjects. Methods: 16 NT and 14 HT participants, that were age-matched [39.9 ± 1.3 vs 44.1±2.1yrs (P= 0.10)], underwent 5 days each of oral administration of 200mmol NaCl, and 200mmol NaCl + 50mg Losartan, preceded by a baseline control condition. BP and PVR responses to 30% Maximum Voluntary Contraction (MVC) of handgrip (HG) for one minute were determined at baseline, after salt load and after salt + Losartan. Data were presented as Mean ± SEM, and analyzed with two-way ANOVA and paired t-test, with P<0.05 accepted as significant. Results: BP and PVR were significantly increased by HG at baseline, after salt load and after salt + Losartan in NT and HT. Salt load augmented the HG-induced SBP (P=0.04) and MABP responses (P=0.02) in HT. While Losartan attenuated the HG- induced Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) response (P=0.007) and DBP response (P=0.003) in HT and NT respectively after salt + Losartan. HG-induced PVR response was significantly accentuated after salt load in HT (P=0.005), but it was not significant in NT (P=0.38). Conclusion: the implication of our finding is that angiotensin II receptor blockade possibly attenuates salt-induced sympathetic nerve excitation in black hypertensive patients.
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    Open Access
    Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of rhizozome extract of Zingeber Officinale.
    (African. J. Biomedical Research., 2002) Raji Y., Udoh U.S., Oluwadara O.O., Akinsomisoye O.S., Awobajo O., Adeshoga K.
    The rhizome extract of Zingiber officinale was investigated for anti inflammatory and analgesic properties in albino rats and Swiss mice respectively. The extract (50 and 100 mg/kg b.w) produced significantly (P<0.05) inhibition of the carrageenan – induced rat paw oedema and a reduction in the number of writhing induced by acetic acid in mice. The results show that rhizome extract of Z.officinale possesses anti inflammatory and analgesic agent(s).
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    Open Access
    Reproductive, Hematological and Biochemical profiles of male rats treated with aqueous extract of Spondias Mombin bark.
    (International Journal of Pharmacology, 2006) Raji, Y; Gbadegesin, M.A.; Osonuga, O.A.; Rahmat, A.A.; Akinsomisoye, O.S.; Awobajo, F.O.; Kunle-Alabi, O.T.; Esegbue, P.R.C.; Osonuga, I.O.; Lamidi, A.F.
    Aqueous extract of Spondias mombin in different dilutions was employed to assess its impact on male reproductive, haematologic and biochemical indices of male albino rats. A single daily intragastric administration of 8.4, 16.8 and 33.6 mg kg-1 b.w day-1 of the extract for four weeks did not cause any adverse effect on body and organ weights except the weight of the liver that showed a slight increase. There was a marked dose-dependent reduction (p<0.05) in epididymal sperm progressive motility, sperm count, viability (live/dead ratio) and a dose-dependent increase (p<0.05) in percentage abnormal spermatozoa. Abnormalities like double heads, double tails, detached heads and broken tails were frequently observed. Epididymal α-glucosidase activity was significantly reduced (p<0.05). However, prostatic acid phosphatase activity and citric acid levels and seminal fructose concentrations remained unchanged following Spondias mombin treatment. Blood analysis showed that red cell and white cell counts and haematocrit (Hct) levels were in the normal range. Bilirubin, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), urea and protein concentrations were slightly altered by the extract of Spondias mombin. Discontinuation of the extract resulted in full recovery within four weeks of treatment cessation. The results suggest that aqueous extract of the bark of Spondias mombin has reversible antifertility action, the testis and the epididymis probably being the prime sites of action.
  • Item
    Open Access
    Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of rhizozome extract of Zingeber Officinale.
    (African. J. Biomedical Research., 2002) Raji Y., Udoh U.S., Oluwadara O.O., Akinsomisoye O.S., Awobajo O., Adeshoga K.
    The rhizome extract of Zingiber officinale was investigated for anti inflammatory and analgesic properties in albino rats and Swiss mice respectively. The extract (50 and 100 mg/kg b.w) produced significantly (P<0.05) inhibition of the carrageenan – induced rat paw oedema and a reduction in the number of writhing induced by acetic acid in mice. The results show that rhizome extract of Z.officinale possesses anti inflammatory and analgesic agent(s).
  • Item
    Open Access
    Genistein Precipitated Hypothyroidism, Altered Leptin and C-Reactive Protein Synthesis in Pregnant Rats
    (Niger. J. Physiol. Sci., 2015) Awobajo, F.O.; Onokpite, B.O.; Ali, Y.M.; Babaleye, T.A.; Uzor, P.O.; Tijani, K.O.
    Genistein is an isoflavone constituent of soya. This study examined the mechanism by which genistein produced adverse effects in pregnant laboratory rats. Pregnant rats were divided into control (Con) and genistein (Gen) force fed (2 mg/kg) groups. At terminal gestation day (GD) ranging from 0-20, the rats were sacrificed, and blood samples and amniotic fluids were collected. Thyroid hormone, C-reactive protein (CRP) and leptin assay was carried using the blood samples. Leptin was also assayed in the placenta and amniotic fluid supernatant. Oral exposure of pregnant rats to genistein significantly altered maternal T3, (GD18; Con 1.65 ± 0.01, Gen 1.03 ± 0.04 nmol/L), T4 (GD6; Con 29.60 ± 0.00, Gen 36.04 ± 1.29 nmol/L), Leptin (Placenta GD20; Con 0.08 ± 0.01, Gen 0.31 ± 0.02 ng/ml, amniotic fluid ;GD 20; Con 0.02 ± 0.00, Gen 0.35 ± 0.05 ng/ml) in genistein group. These changes were accompanied with loss of embryonic implants and a decrease in fetal and placental weights. The CRP level was significantly decreased and increased at the onset and toward late pregnancy respectively. Oral exposure of pregnant rats to genistein precipitated hypothyroidism, altered some metabolic hormones with a reduction in fetal and placental growth and increased resorption of embryonic implants.