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- ItemOpen AccessAngiotensin receptor blockade with Losartan attenuates pressor response to handgrip contraction and enhances natriuresis in salt loaded hypertensive subjects: a quasi-experimental study among Nigerian adults(2019) Agbaraolorunpo, F.M.; Sofola, O.A.; Anigbogu, C.N.; Azinge, E.C.Introduction: sympathetic and Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone systems play crucial roles in blood pressure response to increased salt intake. This study investigated the effects of angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) and sympathetic excitation on the responses of blood pressure (BP) and peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) in salt loaded normotensive (NT) and hypertensive (HT) Nigerian subjects. Methods: 16 NT and 14 HT participants, that were age-matched [39.9 ± 1.3 vs 44.1±2.1yrs (P= 0.10)], underwent 5 days each of oral administration of 200mmol NaCl, and 200mmol NaCl + 50mg Losartan, preceded by a baseline control condition. BP and PVR responses to 30% Maximum Voluntary Contraction (MVC) of handgrip (HG) for one minute were determined at baseline, after salt load and after salt + Losartan. Data were presented as Mean ± SEM, and analyzed with two-way ANOVA and paired t-test, with P<0.05 accepted as significant. Results: BP and PVR were significantly increased by HG at baseline, after salt load and after salt + Losartan in NT and HT. Salt load augmented the HG-induced SBP (P=0.04) and MABP responses (P=0.02) in HT. While Losartan attenuated the HG- induced Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) response (P=0.007) and DBP response (P=0.003) in HT and NT respectively after salt + Losartan. HG-induced PVR response was significantly accentuated after salt load in HT (P=0.005), but it was not significant in NT (P=0.38). Conclusion: the implication of our finding is that angiotensin II receptor blockade possibly attenuates salt-induced sympathetic nerve excitation in black hypertensive patients.
- ItemOpen AccessAnti-fertility effect of calcium channel blockers on male rats: association with oxidative stress.(2011) Morakinyo, AO; Iranloye, BO; Daramola, AO; Adegoke, OAPurpose: Calcium ions are vital in many biologic processes including a variety of enzymatic reactions, activation of excitable cells, coupling of electrical activation to cellular secretion, haemostasis, bone metabolism and sperm functions. Calcium channel blockers (CCB) appear to have a reversible anti-fertility effect on male rats which does not occur through inhibition of the pituitary-gonadal axis. While the effects of CCB on male reproductive function have been investigated, less information is available regarding other reproductive indices and the underlying mechanism in the pathogenesis of male reproductive dysfunction. Therefore, the involvement of oxidative mechanisms in the adverse manifestation induced by CCB on male reproductive functions is investigated in this study. Methods: For this purpose, lipid peroxidation; enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reduced; epididymal sperm count, motility; histopathology of the testes, epididymis, seminal vesicle, prostate glands; and reproductive performance were determined. Results: CCB administration in rats causes significant oxidative stress in the male reproductive milieu in term of increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level and a concomitant decrease in catalase, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione enzyme activities in the testes. In addition, CCB treatment significantly decreased the sperm count, sperm motility, fertility index, implantation count, and litter size in this study. Conclusion: There is substantial evidence that CCB induces significant oxidative stress in the testes, which appears to be responsible for the adverse effects of decreased sperm count and motility ultimately leading to reduced fertility in rats.
- ItemOpen AccessAnti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of rhizozome extract of Zingeber Officinale.(African. J. Biomedical Research., 2002) Raji Y., Udoh U.S., Oluwadara O.O., Akinsomisoye O.S., Awobajo O., Adeshoga K.The rhizome extract of Zingiber officinale was investigated for anti inflammatory and analgesic properties in albino rats and Swiss mice respectively. The extract (50 and 100 mg/kg b.w) produced significantly (P<0.05) inhibition of the carrageenan – induced rat paw oedema and a reduction in the number of writhing induced by acetic acid in mice. The results show that rhizome extract of Z.officinale possesses anti inflammatory and analgesic agent(s).
- ItemOpen AccessAnti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of rhizozome extract of Zingeber Officinale.(African. J. Biomedical Research., 2002) Raji Y., Udoh U.S., Oluwadara O.O., Akinsomisoye O.S., Awobajo O., Adeshoga K.The rhizome extract of Zingiber officinale was investigated for anti inflammatory and analgesic properties in albino rats and Swiss mice respectively. The extract (50 and 100 mg/kg b.w) produced significantly (P<0.05) inhibition of the carrageenan – induced rat paw oedema and a reduction in the number of writhing induced by acetic acid in mice. The results show that rhizome extract of Z.officinale possesses anti inflammatory and analgesic agent(s).
- ItemOpen AccessAntioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Zingiber officinale(2011) Morakinyo, AO; Oludare, GO; Aderinto, OT; Tasdup, AOxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of many diseases. The use of natural antioxidant as a therapeutic option is desirable and increasingly being practiced. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the in-vitro antioxidant property of Zingiber officinale, a known food additive. Aqueous and ethanol extracts of Zingiber officinale were evaluated for antioxidant activities using DPPH, ABTS and SOD scavenging assay; and lipid peroxidation assay. The results obtained indicated that both extracts possess potent antioxidant property as shown by significant scavenging of ABTS and SOD radicals. Similarly, MDA level (lipid peroxidation) was significantly reduced by the both extracts. However, there was no significant scavenging activity using the DPPH assay. The present study indicates that both aqueous and ethanol extracts of ginger are significant sources of natural antioxidant. Therefore, consumption of the plant material might be helpful in combating the progression of various diseases with oxidative stress components.
- ItemOpen AccessAntireproductive effects of calcium channel blockers on male rats(2009) Morakinyo, AO; Iranloye, BO; Adegoke, OADrugs have been shown to adversely affect male fertility and recently anti-hypertensive drugs were added to the list. The anti-fertility effects of nifedipine and similar calcium channel blockers are well-illustrated in in vitro experiments but not in vivo. The present study was designed to experimentally elucidate the sub-chronic effect of nifedipine, verapamil and diltiazem on sperm functions and reproductive hormone levels in vivo. Male rats (150–200 g) were divided into four groups of ten rats each. Group 1 (control) received distilled water; Group 2 received nifedipine 0.57 mg/kg BW; Group 3 were given verapamil 3.40 mg/kg BW and Group 4 were given diltiazem 2.57 mg/kg BW. Each drug-treated group had its own recovery group from which treatment was discontinued for 30 days before the animals were sacrificed. Blood samples were collected for hormonal assay of FSH, LH and testosterone. Semen evaluation was done and the testes, seminal vesicle, epididymis and prostate were removed, and weighed immediately. Results Nifedipine, verapamil and diltiazem significantly decreased (P\0.05) sperm count and motility in drug treated groups. The weight of the epididymis was significantly reduced (P\0.05) in the drug treated rats. Semen parameters and other associated changes were restored after 30 days of drug withdrawal.
- ItemOpen AccessCalcium antagonists modulate oxidative stress and acrosomal reaction in rat spermatozoa(2011) Morakinyo, AO; Iranloye, BO; Adegoke, OAIntroduction: Calcium ions are vital in many biological processes and qualify as an almost ubiquitous intracellular second messenger. This indicates the multiplicity of the effects associated with drug actions aimed at interfering with calcium ions. To examine the cellular process involved in the induction of infertility in males by calcium antagonist (CA) even in the presence of normal semen parameters, we studied the effects of different CA namely; nifedipine, verapamil and diltiazem on oxidative balance and acrosome reaction in the sperm. Material and methods: For this purpose, lipid peroxidation, antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione, and acrosomal reaction were determined in sperm samples of rats. Results: Calcium antagonist causes significant oxidative stress in the epididymal sperm with increased malondialdehyde level and a concomitant decrease in antioxidant activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase. The percentage value of acrosomal-reacted sperm in the nifedipine, verapamil and diltiazemtreated rats were 41 ±2.45, 39 ±2.92 and 42 ±1.22 respectively, compared with the control group value of 86 ±2.92. Conclusions: It appears CA oxidatively modify the sperm resulting in functional inhibition of acrosomal reaction. Suppression of the sperm acrosomal reaction is known to have serious adverse implications for fertilization.
- ItemOpen AccessChloroquine reduces blood pressure and forearm vascular resistance and increases forearm blood flow in healthy young adults.(WILEY-BLACKWELL, 1993) Anigbogu, C.N.; Adigun, S.A.; Adegunloye, B.J.; Idong, I.The effects of chloroquine on resting blood pressure, forearm blood flow (FBF), and forearm vascular resistance (FVR) and on the responses to cold stimulation were studied in healthy young adults. Chloroquine sulphate (800 mg) reduced systolic pressure and increased FBF (P<0.05) but had no effect on resting FVR. Cold immersion increased systolic pressure (from 108.8 ±1.7 mmHg to 127.8 ± 6.9 mmHg; P<0.05) diastolic pressure (from 73.4 ±2.7 to 95.2 ±6.2 mmHg; P<0.01) and FVR (from 5.9±0.9 to 13.0±l.9 a.u.; P<0.001) but reduced FBF (from 14.3±1.64 to 101 ± 1.29 ml min‐1; P<0.05). Chloroquine reduced the increase in FVR reduced by cold stimulation (P<0.01), but had little effect on the BF and FBF responses to cold stimulation. The hypotensive effect of chloroquine could be attributed, at least in part, to the observed fall in vascular resistance.
- ItemOpen AccessChronic Angiotensin II Treatment potentiates HR slowing in Sprague-Dawley Rat during Acute Behavioral Stress(Elsevier B.V., 2013) Speakman, R.O; Brown, D.R.; Cassis, L.A.; Silcox, D.L.; Anigbogu, C. N.; Randall, D.C.; Hoyt, R.E.This study examined the effect of2-week infusion of angiotensin-II(Ang-II; 175 ng/kg/min)via minipump in rats (n=7) upon the mean arterial blood pressure (mBP) and heart rate (HR) response to an acute stress as compared to rats infused with saline (n=7).The acute stress was produced by a classical aversive conditioning paradigm: a 15 s tone (CS+) followed by a half second tail shock. Baseline mBP in Ang-II infused rats (167.7±21.3 mm Hg; mean±SD) significantly exceeded that of controls (127.6±13.5 mm Hg). Conversely, baseline HR in the Ang-II infused rats (348±33) was significantly lower than controls (384±19 bpm). The magnitudeofthemBPincreaseduringCS+didnotdifferbetweengroups,buttheHRslowingduringCS+in the Ang-II infused rats (−13.2±8.9 bpm) was significantly greater than that seen in controls (−4.2± 5.5 bpm). This augmented bradycardia may be inferentially attributed to an accentuated increase in cardiac parasympathetic activity during CS+ in the Ang-II infused rats. The mBP increased above baseline immediately post-shock delivery in controls, but fell in the Ang-II infused rats, perhaps because of a ‘ceiling effect’ in total vascular resistance. This classical conditioning model of ‘acute stress’ differs from most stress paradigms in rats in yielding a HR slowing concomitant with a pressor response, and this slowing is potentiated by Ang-II.
- ItemOpen AccessCigarette smoke pollution promotes oxidative stress imbalance and hormonal changes affecting pregnancy outcome in rats(J. Afr. Ass. Physiol. Sci., 2015) Awobajo, F.O.; Oyesola, O.A.; Amah, G.O.; Olakitan, H.A.; Akinyemi, T.M.The deleterious effect of cigarette smoke on several health parameters due to pollution of air is of international concern. How these affect all living organisms and their wellbeing is a major research area. The development of oxidative stress, alteration in lipid peroxidation, thyroid and pregnancy hormone pattern was examined in pregnant rats exposed to cigarette smoke throughout the gestation period. Cigarette smoke exposed and control pregnant rats were sacrificed at gestational day 6, 12 and 20. Serum was collected for hormonal assay. Some vital organs were also dissected out, homogenized and used for oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation assay. Gestational weights, corporal luteum and implanted embryos were also recorded. There was a significant increased loss of corpora lutea, embryonic implants and a disruption of the hormonal pattern of LH, progesterone and estradiol during pregnancy in cigarette smoke exposed rats. A significant increase in serum cortisol and brain tissue level of MDA, SOD and a significant decrease in GSH in cigarette smoke exposed rats was recorded. Exposing pregnant rats to cigarette smoke precipitated oxidative stress, early loss of corpora lutea, disruption in hormonal pattern and an increasing loss of embryonic implants.
- ItemOpen AccessCircadian variations in blood pressure, heart rate, and HR-BP Cross-Correlation Coefficient during progression of diabetes mellitus in rats(SAGE-Hindawi Access to Research, 2011) Anigbogu, C.N.; Williams, D.T.; Brown, D.R.; Silcox, D.L.; Speakman, O.R.; Brown, L.C.; Karounos, D.G.; Randall, D.C.Circadian changes in cardiovascular function during the progression of diabetes mellitus in the diabetes prone rat (BBDP) (n = 8) were studied. Age-matched diabetes-resistant rats (BBDR) served as controls. BP was recorded via telemetry in contiguous 4 hr time periods over 24 hours starting with 12 midnight to 4 am as period zero (P0). Prior to onset of diabetes BP was high at P0, peaked at P2, and then fell again at P3; BP and heart rate (HR) then increased gradually at P4 and leveled off at P5, thereby exhibiting a bipodal rhythm. These patterns changed during long-term diabetes. The cross-correlation coefficient of BP and HR was not significantly different across groups at onset, but it fell significantly at 9 months of duration of diabetes (BBDP: 0.39 ±0.06; BBDR: 0.65 ± 0.03; P<.05). These results show that changes in circadian cardiovascular rhythms in diabetes mellitus became significant at the late stage of the disease.
- ItemOpen AccessCoffee consumption attenuates insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in rats fed on high-sucrose diet.(2013) Morakinyo, AO; Adekunbi, DA; Dada, KA; Adegoke, OASeveral epidemiological evidences indicate that consumption of coffee is associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) however; there is dearth of experimental data to support these observations. Given that associations do not necessarily infer causality, the present study was designed to investigate the effect of coffee consumption on glucose regulation, T2DM and the probable mechanisms of action, using an animal model. The effect of coffee (2-fold dilution) by oral gavage on normal and high sucrose-solution (HSS) fed (30 % w/v) rats was evaluated. The results showed that consumption of coffee significantly increase glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity (p<0.05) along with significant improvement in SOD and GSH activities. In addition, lipid indices such as TG and LDL as well as the lipid peroxidation marker (MDA) were markedly reduced (p<0.05) in rats fed with coffee compared with that of the HSS fed rats. These findings suggest that coffee consumption improves insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance in HSS-fed rat possibly via inhibition of oxidative stress.
- ItemOpen AccessCondition factor, heavy metals and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the muscle of fishes in Lagos, Nigeria(Aceh Journal of Animal Science, 2020) Oyelowo, O.T.; Awobajo, F.O.; Samuel, T.A.; Sogbesan, Teniola; Fayiga, Adewale; Mofolorunso, AdekunleFish is an important part of the human diet, is at the top of the aquatic food chain with a high propensity to accumulating contaminants like heavy metals and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) which are toxic to humans. This study evaluated the relationship between condition factor (physiologic wellbeing) of the fishes, PCBs, and heavy metal accumulation. Ten adult fish species three each of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, Trachinotus teraia, Liza dumerilli, Tilapia guieensis, Pseudotolithus elongatus, Pomadasys jubelini, Polydactylus quadrifilis, Caranx hippos, Sphyreana barracuda, Arius heudoloti, were acquired at Epe Lagoon. Ten adult fish species three each of Argentina silus, Gadus chalcogrammus, Gadus morhua, Atlantic mackerel, Micropogonias undulatus, Urophycis sp., Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, Oreochromis niloticus, Clupea harengus, Trachurus trachurus, imported into Lagos were purchased. The fish species’ condition factor was determined. The heavy metals were determined using AAS while PCB level was determined using GC-MS. Iron, mercury, zinc, arsenic, nickel and copper levels correlated positively with the condition factor in the local fishes while in the imported fishes, cadmium, iron, zinc, nickel, copper and lead levels correlated positively to the condition factor. The levels of PCBs in both the local and imported fishes were non-detectable. It is concluded that the lead, copper, arsenic, zinc, mercury and cadmium in both the imported and local fishes were within permissible limits compared with the FAO/WHO maximum allowed limits. The positive correlation of some heavy metals to the fishes’ condition factor infers that these metals might be altering physiologic activities in the fishes.
- ItemOpen AccessDietary Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) and Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Consumption: A Comparison of Metabolic Effect in High-Fat Fed Rats.(2015) Morakinyo, AO; Adekunbi, DA; Ajibola, WR; Adegoke, OAA growing number of studies have reported beneficial health effects of cocoa and turmeric, including atherosclerosis, hypertension and insulin resistance. Relatively few studies have investigated the preventive or therapeutic effects of cocoa and turmeric against obesity-related metabolic disorders and co-pathologies. The study was undertaken to determine the effects of cocoa and turmeric powder supplementation on glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and lipid profile in rats fed with high-fat diet (HFD). Twenty-four (24) male Sprague-Dawley rats were initially divided into two groups of six and eighteen rats; the group of 18 rats was fed with HFD while the other group of 6 rats consumed the control diet. After seven weeks on the dietary regimen, 12 rats from the HFD group were shifted to either cocoa-supplemented (50 mg/kg diet) or turmeric-supplemented (100 mg/kg diet) with six rats in each group, while the remaining rats continued on the HFD for another 7 weeks. Throughout the study, food intake and body weights were measured and recorded. Thereafter, OGTT and ITT were performed; fat pads were excised and weighed immediately. Blood samples were also collected via the retro-orbital sinus to measure the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL. Data obtained from this study showed that dietary cocoa and turmeric supplementation reduces body weight gain, retroperitoneal and testicular fat accretion, improves lipid profile, ameliorates glucose intolerance and enhances insulin sensitivity in the HFD fed- obese rats. Dietary supplementation with cocoa and turmeric ameliorates obesity-related hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in HFD fed obese rats. Notably, both nutriceuticals were capable of improving glucose tolerance by increasing insulin sensitivity.
- ItemOpen AccessDynamics of inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress across maternal serum, placenta and amniotic fluid in laboratory rats and the role played by genistein aglycone(J. Basic Clin. Physiol. Pharmacol., 2018) Awobajo, FO; Morakinyo, AO; Samuel, TA; Oyelowo, OT; Ogunsola, AO; Onyekwele, PU; Okedina, ME; Ogunbanwo, OOBackground: Genistein was reported to adversely influence fetal development although this is yet to be fully understood as a mechanism. Methods: In this study, pregnant rats were divided into control (Cont.) and genistein force-fed (2-mg/kg and 4-mg/kg) groups. Each group was divided further into five subgroups: GD-0, GD-6, GD-13, GD-18, and GD-20 based on the terminal gestational day (GD). On the respective terminal GD, the rats were sacrificed and blood samples and amniotic fluid were carefully collected and separated and placenta homogenates were prepared. These samples were evaluated for oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction. The weights of embryonic implant and placenta tissue were also recorded. Heat shock protein (Hsp) (60 and 90), corticosterone, and oxidative stress biomarkers were determined in all the samples. Results: Fetal and placental weights in all genisteinexposed groups were significantly decreased. A fluctuation in the level of the Hsp was recorded with a significant decrease recorded in Hsp90 level in the placenta and amniotic fluid towards GD-20 along with a concomitant increase in the corticosterone level in the amniotic fluid in all genistein groups compared to control. Maternal serum at GD-18 and GD -20 recorded a significant increase in antioxidant level (SOD, GSH, CAT) in all genistein exposed groups. However, these antioxidants were significantly reduced in the placenta and the amniotic fluid compared to control. Conclusions: Genistein enhances the placenta function in attenuating the risk of oxidative stress in the amniotic fluid and deferentially suppressed inflammatory activities in the placenta during early gestation and towards late gestation period.
- ItemOpen AccessEffect of Zingiber officinale (Ginger) on sodium arsenite-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats. Afr. J. Biomed. Res. 13(1): 39-45(2010) Morakinyo, AO; Achema, PU; Adegoke, OAArsenite is a major environmental chemical and a known reproductive toxicant via the depression of spermatogenesis and androgenesis in males. The possibility of sodium arsenite reproductive toxicity been caused by autooxidation was investigated in this study taking advantage of the anti-oxidant properties of ginger and its androgenic activities. The effect of exposure to sodium arsenite (10 mg/kg BW/day) by gavage via oral cannula without or with aqueous ginger extract (500mg/kg BW/day) co-treatments for 30 days was evaluated in adult male rats. The weight of the reproductive organs, sperm count, motility, and morphology were evaluated. Plasma FSH, LH and testosterone levels were assayed. Lipid peroxidation (indexed by MDA) and antioxidants enzymes likes GSH, SOD, CAT were assessed. Sodium arsenite treatment decreased the reproductive organs weight: testis, epididymis, prostate and seminal vesicle; sperm functions: count, motility and normal morphology; plasma hormones level: FSH, LH and testosterone. There was a decrease in the activities of GSH, SOD and CAT as well as an increase in MDA concentration. Co-administration of aqueous ginger extract with arsenite was found to protect against adverse change in the reproductive organ weight, attenuate the decrease in sperm functions, enhance plasma reproductive hormones level along with increased antioxidants activities and reduced peroxidation. This study showed that sodium arsenite apart from being a hormonal disrupter also causes oxidative stress which contributed to the reproductive damage in the male rats. The protective effects of ginger on reproductive toxicity and oxidative stress as evidenced by the clear restoration of sperm functions, testicular steroidogenesis and reproductive organo-somatic indices could be attributed to its antioxidants and androgenic properties.
- ItemOpen AccessEffects of aqueous extract of garlic (Allium sativum) on testicular functions in the rat(2008) Morakinyo, AO; Oloyo, AK; Raji, Y; Adegoke, OAThis study was carried out to investigate the impact of oral administration of chloroform extract of Carica papaya seed (CPE) on implantation and pregnancy in female albino rats. The study was divided into three experimental sections. Each section was subdivided into 4 groups treated, respectively with 25, 50 and 100 mg kg 1 b.w CPE and 2.5% tween 80 in normal saline (vehicle for CPE; control). Rats in section 1 were treated with CPE for two weeks before mating (pre-coital). Rats in section 2 were administered CPE from day 1 of pregnancy till term (post coital) while rats in section 3 received the extract for two weeks before mating and thereafter throughout term (pre and post-coital). Implantation sites and resorptions were determined in some of the pregnant rats after laparotomy. The gestation period, litter size and fetal weight were recorded in the remaining rats. The litters were also observed for any morphological alterations. The extract treated rats had significant decreases in litter size and implantation count (p<0.01). The percentage resorptions increased in a dose dependent manner while the fetal weight and morphology remain unchanged when compared with the normal untreated control groups. The percentage resorptions were high in CPE treated rats when compared with the control group. None of the 100 mg kg 1 b.w CPE treated female rats had litters. The results suggest that the chloroform extract of Carica papaya seed has anti-implantation and abortifacient properties in female albino rats.
- ItemOpen AccessEffects of methanol extract of Ricinus Communis seed (Linn) on male albino rats(2006) Raji, Y; Oloyo, AK; Morakinyo, AOAim: To investigate the effect of methanol extract of Ricinus communis seed (RCE) on male rats reproductive functions. Methods: Thirty-two male albino rats were divided into four groups. Groups 1, 2 and 3 were gavaged with 0.2 mL of 2.5 % tween 80 (RCE vehicle; control) or 20 mg/(kg·d) and 40 mg/(kg·d) of RCE, respectively, for 30 days, and group 4 was also gavaged with 40 mg/(kg·d) of RCE, but was allowed a recovery periold of 30 days. Five untreated female rats were cohabited with male rats in each group from day 25 of RCE treatment for 5 days, except group 4, where cohabitation began on day 25 of the recovery period. All male rats were sacrificed 24 h after the experiments. The female rats were laparatomized on day 19 of pregnancy and the number and weight of litters were recorded. Results: There was a significant decrease (P < 0.01) in the weight of the reproductive organs, sperm functions and serum levels of testosterone in RCE treated rats. There was disorganization in the cytoarchitecture of the testes, disruption of the seminiferous tubules and erosion of the germinal epithelium. The number and weight of litters of rats in groups 2 and 4 decreased significantly (P < 0.05) but no changes were observed in group 3. RCE caused no changes in liver, kidney, heart or body weights in male rats. Conclusion: RCE has a reversible negative impact on male reproductive functions, which appears to be mediated via gonadal disruption in testosterone secretion.
- ItemOpen AccessEffects of Zingiber officinale on reproductive functions in male rats(2009) Morakinyo, AO; Adeniyi, OS; Arikawe, APTo investigate the effects of Zingiber Officinale on male reproductive functions and study the mechanisms underlying these effects, aqueous extract of Zingiber Officinale were administered orally to two groups of male rats at 500mg/kg b.w. and 1000mg/kg b.w. A third group served as control and received the treatment vehicle, distilled water. Treatment lasted for 14 and 28 days before sacrifice. Organ weight, epididymal sperm counts, motility, viability and morphology, seminal fructose, testicular malonhydialdehyde, and serum testosterone were determined. The treatment caused a significant increase (P<0.05) in the weight of the testis and epididymis. There were dose and duration dependent increases in sperm count and motility (P<0.05). There was also a significant increase (P<0.05) in serum testosterone level. Malonhydialdehyde levels were significantly reduced (P<0.05). Our results indicated that extract of Zingiber Officinale possesses pro-fertility properties in male rats which might be a product of both its potent antioxidant properties and androgenic activities.
- ItemOpen AccessEvaluation of the abortifacient properties of chloroform extract of Carica papaya L seed in female albino rats(2006) Raji, Yinusa; Morakinyo, AO; Akinsomisoye, OS; Oloyo, AK; Esegbue-Peters, PRC; Kunle-Alabi, OTThis study was carried out to investigate the impact of oral administration of chloroform extract of Carica papaya seed (CPE) on implantation and pregnancy in female albino rats. The study was divided into three experimental sections. Each section was subdivided into 4 groups treated, respectively with 25, 50 and 100 mg kg 1 b.w CPE and 2.5% tween 80 in normal saline (vehicle for CPE; control). Rats in section 1 were treated with CPE for two weeks before mating (pre-coital). Rats in section 2 were administered CPE from day 1 of pregnancy till term (post coital) while rats in section 3 received the extract for two weeks before mating and thereafter throughout term (pre and post-coital). Implantation sites and resorptions were determined in some of the pregnant rats after laparotomy. The gestation period, litter size and fetal weight were recorded in the remaining rats. The litters were also observed for any morphological alterations. The extract treated rats had significant decreases in litter size and implantation count (p<0.01). The percentage resorptions increased in a dose dependent manner while the fetal weight and morphology remain unchanged when compared with the normal untreated control groups. The percentage resorptions were high in CPE treated rats when compared with the control group. None of the 100 mg kg 1 b.w CPE treated female rats had litters. The results suggest that the chloroform extract of Carica papaya seed has anti-implantation and abortifacient properties in female albino rats.
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