Department of Business Administration
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- ItemOpen AccessVenturing into Small Business in a Developing Economy:(Giordano Dell-Amore Foundation, 1990) Owualah, S.I.This paper investigates how far Nigeria's structural adjustment programs have contributed to the growth of more small businesses as part of a broader inquiry into the motivations of small business founders in Nigeria. It further addresses the related issue of the constraints to small business operations in the country. Evidence produced by the study does not show loss of jobs or strictly speaking, unemployment — one of the consequences of the structural reforms, to be a strong motivational factor. Rather, independence, innovation, financial returns and precautionary motives dominate the reasons for starting a small business. However there is a possibility that the insignificance of the unemployment factor may be related to the constraints to small business ownership identified in this study. Most important among them is capital constraint, both working and fixed capital. Others such as unfavorable economic conditions and government policies, etc are not inconsequential though, cause a lesser concern.
- ItemOpen AccessThe Marketing Mix: Perspectives, Operational Uses and Management(Department of Business Administration University of Lagos, 1998) Adeleye, A. S.The concept of marketing mix has arguably attracted more divergent views from authors in marketing literature than any other marketing concepts. The degree of diversity of perspectives adopted by several authors on the concept of marketing mix has almost assumed an equal dimension vis-a-vis the plethora of definitions of marketing in the marketing literature. Attempts will therefore be made in this paper to briefly examine the original contributions to knowledge as regards the study of marketing mix. Furthermore, the paper will also attempt to identify the gaps in the existing body of knowledge on marketing mix in pursuance of the operational uses of marketing mix to business organisations. In addition, the actual management of marketing mix shall be taken into cognisance in this regard.
- ItemRestrictedThe Role of Pricing Decisions In Implementing Marketing Strategies(Faculty of Business Administration University of Lagos, 2002-01) Adeleye, A. S.This paper is aimed, among others at contributing to the frontiers of knowledge, precisely, to the development of marketing education in Nigeria. Added to this, is the aim of improving the level of understanding of marketing by marketing students and practitioners in Nigeria. The paper reviewed relevant literature and organised the knowledge obtained from different studies. To this end, the article attempted to examine the process of pricing a product comprising five steps namely, pricing objectives, pricing determinant, pricing methods, evaluating consumer response to price, and controlling pricing strategy. The strategic implications of each of the aforementioned steps in the product pricing process were also dealt with in the paper. The paper is concluded by asserting that the role playable by pricing in implementing marketing strategy will depend on the ability of the firm to establish pricing objectives, identify pricing determinants, design pricing methods, evaluate consumer responses to price and control pricing strategy.
- ItemOpen AccessResidential Environment and Mortality in the Lagos State of Nigeria.(2006) Ojikutu, R.K.This study examines the operational factors of the indoor and outdoor residential environments in the Lagos State of Nigeria for their impact on the mortality of residents. Using a sixteen point index of outdoor and a twenty-eight point index of indoor residential environmental pressure, the deceased were scored one point depending on the existence of the index within the proximity of the residence. It was discovered that about 71.3% of the deceased were subjected to high or very high outdoor residential environmental pressure during their lifetime whereas about 91 % of them were subjected to high or very high indoor environmental pressure. Results show that the extent of outdoor residential environmental pressure depends on the locality of the deceased (i.e. whether such individual lived in a rural or urban local government area) and that there is no significant difference between indoor residential environmental pressure and the locality (urban or rural) of the deceased.
- ItemOpen AccessUrban Factors in Relation to Mortality Pattern in Lagos State, Nigeria(Dixie W Publishing Corporation, U. S. A, 2006) Ojikutu, R.KThis study examines the impact of some factors that are present in the urban environment of Lagos state, Nigeria on mortality using factor analysis. A follow up study was conducted on 6269 individuals who died in four of the twenty Local Government Areas of the state during a period of five years to measure the impact of urbanization and home environment to which the deceased were subjected during their lifetime using a 78 point questionnaire. Fifteen factors such as migration, education, waste collection, religion, noise pollution, obesity and so on, were extracted and fourteen of them were found to be functionally related to Cause of Death which is the fifteenth factor.
- ItemOpen AccessAchievement Motivation:(2007) Umukoro, F. G.; Kuye, O.L.The multifaceted approach employed in this study enables the assessment of achievement tendencies in various cultural environments. The results of this study may stimulate the analysis of achievement tendencies among sub populations differing on additional variables, example, gender, vocation, or organizational roles. Furthermore, the evidence regarding the complexity of achievement motive may offer the prospect of matching certain achievement motivation profiles to certain occupations, position or task. More empirical work may enable its application to practical situations, such as personnel selection and placement, or human resources development.
- ItemOpen AccessURBAN MASS HOUSING IN LAGOS METROPOLIS, NIGERIA – THE POTENTIALS AND MARKETABILITY OF PREFABRICATED HOUSING SYSTEMS(Academic OASIS Publishing Miami Beach, Florida, 2007) Adebayo, Anthony Kayode; Dixon-Ogbechi, Bolajoko NkemdinimResearch has shown that affordable housing is a serious issue in the global economy hence there is a need to find a sustainable system of meeting the housing demands globally. In Nigeria, notwithstanding the efforts of government and private sector the housing problem still persists. The prefabricated housing system that has been tested in different parts of the world where housing program has been more successful seems to have the potential of a paradigm shift in mass housing production. This study adopted the exploratory research approach to investigate the potentials and marketability of prefabricated housing systems in metropolitan Lagos, Nigeria. It used the multistage sampling technique to study a sample of 150 built environment academic professionals in tertiary institutions in Lagos using the quantitative approach. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics on SPSS 21 and it was discovered that though the prefab system for housing production is not sufficiently adopted in building urban mass houses in Lagos metropolis; yet, it is believed that this system is marketable, appropriate and is the future for urban mass houses in Lagos metropolis.
- ItemOpen AccessThe Relationship between Demographic Characteristics and the Death Pattern of People of Lagos State, Nigeria.(2008) Ojikutu, R.K.This study describes the characteristics of the people of Lagos State, Nigeria in rela-tion to death patterns using simple descriptive analysis and tests of hypotheses. From the death records of 6,269 individuals, obtained from four randomly selected Local Government Areas (LGA), it was discovered that there is a significant gender differ-- ence in the number of deaths recorded during the period (2000-2004) and that many residents died at the age of 35 years. Though, the mean age at death was found to be 49.90 years, the life expectancy at birth was 50.41 years, which does not depart nificantly from 51.6 years recorded in the year 2000 Life Table of the World Heal Organization (WHO) for both sexes. The result shows that there is significant differ-ence in mortality across age groups and also that mortality is higher in the 30 to 59 years age category than any other group hi the population. It was also found that there is significant difference in mortality across occupational groups and that mor-tality is higher among traders than, any other occupational category. Apart from La-gosians, most of the deceased in the study area come from the neighboring states of Ogun, Oyo, Ondo, Osun and Ekiti. This corroborates the thesis of the Ravenstains Distance Decay Theory, which states that most migration takes place over a short distance. The test of hypotheses in this case shows that there is significant difference in mortality among the migrant groups and that those whose place of birth is Lagos State record higher mortality than those born outside of Lagos State, Nigeria
- ItemOpen AccessA Commentary of the Role of Multinationals in the Economic Development of Nigeria(International Academy of African Business and Development (IAABD), 2008) Aiyeku, Joseph F; Farahbakhsh, Massoud; Dixon-Ogbechi, Bolajoko N.This paper highlights the impact of multinationals and their marketing on the economic development of Nigeria. In the paper, we aim to arouse interest in what we consider to be a neglected area of marketing and to build on the limited work published so far in this area in Nigeria. Our paper is based on a literature review of the effects of the multinationals’ marketing activities in terms of their contribution to the development of marketing mix elements in Nigeria, as well as their contributions to the economic development of the nation. The practice of marketing ethics and their effects on corruption, which is a cankerworm disturbing the progress of the nation; and the dilemmas they are facing in the dynamic Nigerian business environment. The paper identified some problems and gave recommendations to overcome them. And it is believed that if these recommendations are adopted, Nigeria will benefit tremendously from the marketing effects of the multinationals operating in the country.
- ItemOpen AccessPattern of under-five deaths in Lagos State, Nigeria(2008) Ojikutu, R.KExamination of the trend in U5MR in Nigeria shows that the projection of 55 per 1000 for 2015 may be unattainable because of the unabating increase recorded in the past five years. The secondary data show that about $%.& per cent of the children die before their first birthday while %5 per cent die before the end of their first month. The most common killers of the under five children are found to be Bronco pneumonia, Sepsis, Anaemia and Malaria).Under five mortality are found to be related to mothers education and income. However, age of mothers and their occupation are not significant contributors to U5MR. Traditional beliefs are found to be important in the treatment of diseases of children as mothers who see their sick children as spiritually afflicted will rather seek for spiritual assistance than take them to hospital for treatment.
- ItemOpen AccessNeighborhood Deprivation and Self-Rated Health in Lagos State, Nigeria.(2008) Ojikutu, R.K.This study examines the effect of neighborhood deprivation on the perception of the individuals about their own health in Lagos State, Nigeria. Respondents were required to rate their own health as “excellent, very good, good, fair, poor and very poor”. The questionnaire contained questions onvarious aspect of the respondents neighborhood and their perception about them. It was found that most neighborhoods in Lagos State are deprived of basic essentials of life such aselectricity, water, good roads and security. Over 43% of the respondents claimed to have visited a hospital two or more times and 43.7% had lost at least two neighbors in the past one year. Over half (57.8%) of the respondents rated their own health as good, 36.6% ranked their own health as fair while only 5.6% claimed to have poor health. A fitted regression model ( r2 = 0.644) showed that variables such as number of dependants, income, occupation, type ofresidential accommodation, ownership of house, number of rooms occupied, mode and convenience of transportation, accessibility to water, electricity and good roads and security jointly determine the perception of an individual about his own health status.
- ItemOpen AccessNeighborhood Deprivation and Self-Rated Health in Lagos State, Nigeria.(2008) Ojikutu, R.K.This study examines the effect of neighborhood deprivation on the perception of the individuals about their own health in Lagos State, Nigeria. Respondents were required to rate their own health as "excellent, very good, good, fair, poor and very poor". The questionnaire contained questions on various aspect of the respondents neighborhood and their perception about them. It was found that most neighborhoods in Lagos State are deprived of basic essentials of life such as electricity, water, good roads and security. Over 43% of the respondents claimed to have visited a hospital two or more times and 43.7% had lost at least two neighbors in the past one year. Over half (57.8%) of the respondents rated their own health as good, 36.6% ranked their own health as fair while only 5.6% claimed to have poor health. A fitted regression model ( r2 = 0.644) showed that variables such as number of dependants, income, occupation, type of residential accommodation, ownership of house, number of rooms occupied, mode and convenience of transportation, accessibility to water, electricity and good roads and security jointly determine the perception of an individual about his own health status.
- ItemOpen AccessScanning Intensity and Firms' Performance in the Manufacturing Sector in Nigeria.(2009) Oghojafor, B.E.A; Kuye, O. L.; Sulaimon, A.A.The findings of this study revealed that firms that want to be competitive must be willing to take environmental scanning seriously to pursue new solutions to challenges facing them. This suggests that in order to enhance their performance, manufacturing firms must be willing to commit a lot of funds required to obtain the technology which will enable them systematically monitor the environment. Also, policy makers need to provide the social infrastructures necessary to facilitate the carrying out of environmental scanning activities by firms. This will afford firms the opportunities of carrying out the activities easily and at minimum cost.
- ItemOpen AccessEmpowering Nigerian Youths for National Economic Development:(2009) Oghojafor, B.E.A.,; Kuye, O.L.; Sulaimon, A.A.; Okonji, P.S.The focus of this study is on the mandatory entrepreneurship course for undergraduate youths in the nation's tertiary institutions. The study revealed that entrepreneurship education imparts entrepreneurial skills and attitudes to students as well as favourably disposes them towards establishing their own businesses. This will empower them to contribute positively toward the nation's economic development. It is therefore recommended that the government on its part should provide a more conducive environment in the forms of quality infrastructural facilities and startup financial support to consummate this initiative of entrepreneurship education.
- ItemOpen AccessStrategic Alliance:(2009) Umukoro, F.G; Sulaimon, A.A.; Kuye, O.L.The results of this study lead to new insights into the structuring of alliances and suggest' that inter-firm cooperation is complex, embedded in various institutional arrangements, and at once forward-looking and backward-looking. The findings show that structure is related to performance, that the perceived potential for opportunism influences both structure and performance, and that partners erect a variety of deterrent measures to stem possible losses from agreement violations.
- ItemOpen AccessCORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND THE PERFOR:NIANCE OF SMAll AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES (SMES) IN LAGOS STATE.NIGERIA.(2009) Oghojafor, B. E. A.; Kuye, O.L.; Sulaimon, A. A.Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become the rhetoric of every Business,'it Enterprises, without exceptions to 'Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). This study,~; examines the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Organisational ::ltt,': Performance of SMEs in Lagos State, Nigeria. Data were generated by means of '~ questionnaires to 261 operators of SMEs on CSR and Performance Variables. Responses ,(~: from the survey Were statistically analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson productt moment correlati~'n, Z test, F-Test and multiple regression. Results show a statistical ',~ significant relatio ship among variables. Specifically, it indicates that CSR is relevant and,'~ practiced by parti ipating SMEs in Lagos State, particularly in business ethics, consumerJ affairs, and environmental affairs; consistent with recent survey in Europe where research on /: SMEs found that tfey tend to be active in CSR. The findings also revealed low involvement' 'f:': ofpa~icipating firms in employee affai~s and. comml,mit~ affairs. T?e study also .showed that:1 organisational perfprmance of SMEs 1S satisfactory with exception of financial strengt~~,\ profitability and pe~ormance stability which was .below the mini~um thre~hold, although di,d:~ not preclude a comr~etely low performance. The importance of this study include the need to·~ encourage SMEs t invest more in CSR, particularly on employee and the community within ~ which ~he~ operate1 Finally, conclus~on> recommendations and suggestion for further studiesI were highlighted to demonstrate the Importance of the study.
- ItemOpen AccessAssociating Gender with Neighbourhood Deprivation in Lagos State, Nigeria(2009) Ojikutu, R. K.Abstract The study examines the effect of neighborhood deprivation on gender. It shows that most residents are deprived and that though, in Lagos State, the gender differences in the level of deprivation may not be too pronounced, yet, women, because of their socio-traditional roles in the society are more at a receiving end. There is gender difference in the distance an individual has to cover to get to the place of work with men having to cover more distance than women to get to their offices. The study shows that there is no difference between men and women in terms of accessibility to electricity and water as all residents are deprived almost equally. An interesting aspect of the study is that the fear of being killed or maimed as a result of crime within the neighborhood does not depend on the gender of the individual concerned. However, in general, there is gender difference in deprivation within the neighborhood with clear difference in the level of neighborhood convenience (χ 2 = 97.131 and p<0.05) and availability of Amenities (χ 2 = 105.12, p<0.05.) while there is no gender difference in neighborhood Safety (χ 2 = 35.097, p>0.05), Health (χ 2 = 63.933, p>0.05) and Community Relationship (χ 2 = 12.905, p>0.05).
- ItemOpen AccessSexual Health Decisions Amongst Students of Some Tertiary Institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria(2009) Ojikutu, R.K.The study examined sexual health decisions amongst students of some tertiary institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria. With a sample of three hundred students randomly selected using stratified sampling technique, the study showed that the age at sexual debut amongst these students is as low as 12 years .While many respondents (41.3%) got involved in early sex as a result of attraction to their partner, some (34.1%) were influenced by their peers. It was discovered that there is significant relationship between age at debut and circumstance leading to the sexual involvement (χ2 =31.705, p<0.05). Feeling of guilt after the first sexual intercourse was found not to be significantly related to age at sexual debut (χ2 =0.312, p>0.05) and also involvement in unintended pregnancy is independent of age at sexual debut (χ2 =11.396, p<0.05).The gender of the respondent is not significantly related to age at first sexual intercourse (χ2 =1.849, p>0.05). About 86% of the predicted outcomes were found to be explained by the fitted regression line (Nagelkerke R square = 0.866) which showed that the probability that an individual student admitted into a tertiary institution in Lagos State is a function of many factors such as, Age of respondent, Gender of the respondent, Religion of the respondent, Ethnicity of the respondent, Current Educational attainment of the respondent, Current level at school, Respondents opinion about unprotected sexual involvement and many other factors.
- ItemOpen AccessENHANCING BUSINESS PROSPERITY IN NIGERIA THROUGH GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE(Multidisciplinary Journal of Empirical Research, 2009) Oghojafor, B.E.A; Sulaimon, A.A; Okonji, P.SThe recent economic global meltdown and the current crisis in the banking sector have cast doubts on the ability of corporate executives to manage their organizations for the good of the stakeholders. The study was conducted to determine the role played by good corporate governance in corporate business prosperity in Nigeria. A review of literature revealed that corporate governance is essentially concerned with whose benefit businesses should be run. Structured questionnaires were used to collect responses from respondents who were investment expert members of the Nigerian Stock Exchange in Lagos. It was hypothesized and found that there is a relationship between good corporate governance and corporate business prosperity and market value. The researcher recommended a vigorous enforcement of the corporate governance code by the Security and Exchange Commission, active board of directors and the encouragement of shareholders activism to promote corporate governance among Nigerian corporate organizations.
- ItemOpen AccessAwareness of Women about Breast Cancer in Lagos State, Nigeria(2009) Ojikutu, R.K; Adetifa, F.AThis study examined the extent of awareness of women in Lagos State about breast cancer. Using a sample of 900 women that were selected using stratified sampling technique from the twenty Local Government Areas (LGAs) in the State, the study focused on questions such as whether respondents have heard about breast cancer, awareness about Breast Self Examination (BSE), practice of BSE, Awareness about clinical breast examination, awareness about signs and symptoms of breast cancer. Data were also retrieved on some demographic characteristics of the respondents, such as age, marital status, educational qualification, religion ethnic group and so on. It was found out that awareness about BSE is generally low in the State and that its level depends on a number of factors such as Educational Qualification, Age, marital status, Religion etc. Expectedly awareness is higher amongst those with tertiary education while it was lowest amongst those who have never been to school. Married women are found to be more aware than other marital categories while women in more urbanized LGAs are found not to mind the examination of their breast by a male oncologist for lumps and other signs of breast cancer. Ethnicity and religion are found to be important variables in determining the level of awareness amongst the women in Lagos State, Nigeria.