Faculty of Arts
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Through many centuries of the tradition of university education, the Liberal Arts have been known to constitute the foundation of knowledge and of intellectual development. In offering courses in English, French, Russian, Italian, Igbo, Yoruba, Linguistics, History, Philosophy and General Studies
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Browsing Faculty of Arts by Author "Adeboye, O."
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- ItemOpen AccessAFRICA AND INTERNATIONAL POLITICS OF HIV/AIDS: CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN AFRICA'S DEVELOPMENT: WHITHER THE AFRICAN RENAISSANCE?(Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2018) Adeboye, O.In June 2011, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDs (UNAIDS) marked 30 years of the epidemic with the publication of a 139-page document titled “AIDs at 30: Nations at the Crossroads in which it outlined the strategies utilized to fight the epidemic, the progress made so far, and the challenges faced by the body. What comes out of every page of the document is the message that HIV/AIDs is a global challenge which requires an equally global and collaborative response.
- ItemOpen AccessArrowhead of Nigerian Pentecostalism: The Redeemed Christian Church of God, 1952- 2004(Pneuma: Journal of the Society of Pentecostal Studies, 2007) Adeboye, O.This is a historical study of the Redeemed Christian Church of God (RCCG), an indigenous and fan-growing Penseoocal church in Nigeria. The recent explosion in the church is presented here as a response to both local and external stimuli. The ingenuity of the church leadership is further reflected in the way it appropriates crucial moments from its collective past as a means of keeping the establishment mobilised. On the whole, the RCCG presents an interesting ambivalence. On one hand, it tries to distill a distinctive religious ethos, while on the other hand its the different nuances in Nigerian Pentecostaliam. The implication of this situation on the internal stability of the church is further probed in this study.
- ItemOpen AccessTHE ‘BORN-AGAIN’ OBA: PENTECOSTALISM AND TRADITIONAL CHIEFTAINCY IN YORUBALAND(Lagos Historical Review, 2007) Adeboye, O.This article examines the remarkable phenomenon of ‘born-again’ obas in Yorubaland both in the colonial and post-colonial periods. It argues that while Pentecostal doctrine does not distinguish between ‘faith’ and ‘cultural’ conversion, such a distinction might have become pragmatic for many of these obas in order to avert communal crises. Those who remained rigid without the support of higher political authorities came up against serious opposition in their respective domains. This study shows that the conversion of an oba goes beyond a personal change of religious affiliation, but raises questions of power relations and cultural hegemony. The article also highlights the intersection between conversion, modernity and development. It demonstrates how ‘physical development’ gradually became a principal parameter used to assess the performance of traditional rulers in post-colonial Nigeria, and how a high rating in this regard could mitigate hostilities provoked by an oba’s ‘born-again’ stance. At the heart of this entire discourse is the contestation of power through religious and ‘development’ idioms.
- ItemOpen AccessBreaking Through Gender Barriers: Religion and Female Leadership in Nigeria(Journal of History and Diplomatic Studies, 2005) Adeboye, O.It is a known fact that leadership positions in religious and political realms in Nigeria have, for a long time been dominated by men. This paper attributes this to the influence of not only African patriarchy, but also of Biblical and European patriarchy [which ideas crept in during the colonial period). This study however notes with interest, that Nigerian women have begun to tackle these gender barriers with positive result the emphasis here is on religious barriers, especially those placed by Christianity. It is therefore argued that if women could successfully challenge - though not totally eradicate these religious barriers that were underpinned by cultural and spiritual authority, and held to be sacrosanct for ages, then political barriers could also be gradually dismantled This would afford women greater opportunity to directly contribute to the development of the nation through the exercise of political authority in their own right as leaders
- ItemOpen AccessCelebration in an African City: Civic Ceremonies and Religious Festivities in Colonial Ibadan(Lagos Notes and Records, 2008) Adeboye, O.This article argues that cultural festivities (both civic and religious) constitute veritable pores through which civic culture in Ibadan is aerated. This perspective, however, disguises an interesting paradox While celebrations act as vents for the release of socio-political and economic stress and reaffirm group identity, they also possess significant political content, whose concentration varies according to prevailing circumstances. While previous scholarship has emphasized the need to diligently expose cultural symbols at the heart of political action in order to understand the various ramifications of civic culture, this study emphasizes the fact that a lot of political action is also embedded in non-political, cultural forms. The article further explores transformations in modes of celebrations and investigates how particular cultural forms are periodically invested with new meanings.
- ItemOpen AccessThe Changing Conception of Elderhood in Ibadan, 1830-2000(Nordic Journal of African Studies, 2007) Adeboye, O.This article investigates the changes in the local conception of elderhood and the deployment of the idiom of age in Ibadan. It identifies the factors responsible for the changes: namely, militarism and patronage (in the nineteenth century), Western education, individual affluence, colonial and post-colonial state power (in the twentieth century). It argues that not only did these factors circumscribe ‘elderly authority’ and status, they also served as metaphors of seniority, which enabled individuals and groups utilising them to appropriate for themselves some degree of respect hitherto considered the prerogative of ‘elders’. The idiom of age thus became a mechanism for naturalizing power. The paper concludes that despite several modifications and challenges, this idiom has remained relevant not only in interpreting and structuring power relationships, but also as a weapon, which is often used negatively in political contests in contemporary Yoruba, and by extension, Nigerian politics.
- ItemOpen AccessChristianity and Traditional Life in Ibadan 1853-1940(Hope Publishers. Ibadan, 2002) Adeboye, O.A lot has been written on the impact of Christianity on traditional life, not only in Ibadan, but also in other parts of Africa. The usual submission is that Christianity affected the people's values as well as facilitated the rise of a new educated elite. This chapter looks at the other side of the coin, namely, the way traditional life affected Christianity in Ibadan in the period under study. As people embraced Christianity in the second half of the nineteenth century, they placed the religion within their own paradigms, adapting it to their folk life and traditional idioms. Some specific creations are examined here as illustrations, viz, the office of the Babasale Onigbagbo, the Adura Odun, and church chieftaincies. But before we go into that, it is necessary to survey what traditional society in Ibadan looked like before the advent of Christianity, as well as examine early missionary activities in the city.
- ItemOpen AccessTHE CHURCH GRAVEYARD: UNDERSTANDING MISSIONARY MORTUARY PRACTICE IN IBADAN, 1853-1960(Ibadan Journal of History, 2013) Adeboye, O.Missionary activity took root in Ibadan in the nineteenth century as religious agents immediately began to engage with local cultural practice. Several interesting compromises and negotiations were made in the mortuary sphere. While Christians introduced the idea of the Church graveyard and its accoutrements such as wooden coffins, several aspects of local funeral rites found their way into the evolving Christian mortuary culture. In the twentieth century, colonial authorities attempted to enforce the idea of the public cemetery. But while the Church graveyard became increasingly popular within the Christian community, the colonial public cemetery was avoided like a plague by the local populace. The paper argues that the popularity of the idea of the Church graveyard was due to the religious privatization of the graveyard through a Christian discourse, whereas colonial cemeteries remained distinctly secular and ‘public’, far removed from domestic engagements and impervious to any form of privatization. This highlights the ‘public’/’private’ debate and also underscores popular irritation at what was perceived as the intrusive policies of the colonial authorities.
- ItemOpen AccessA Church in a Cinema Hall? Pentecostal Appropriation of Public Space in Nigeria(Journal of Religion in Africa "A Church in a Cinema Hall? Pentecostal Appropriation of Public Space in Nigeria" Journal of Religion in Africa (New Orleans, USA), 16 42:2 (2012), 1-27, 2012) Adeboye, O.Over the past two decades Nigeria has become a hotbed of Pentecostal activity. It is the view of this study that Pentecostal visibility in Nigeria has been enhanced not just by Pentecostals’ aggressive utilization of media technology for proselytization as claimed by previous scholars, but also by their appropriation of public spaces for worship. This study not only focuses on the church in the cinema hall, but also on churches in nightclubs, hotels, and other such places previously demonized as ‘abode[s] of sin’ by classical Pentecostals. This paper argues that users’ perception of public spaces having rigid meanings and unchanging usage was responsible for much of the tensions experienced. It would be more useful for academic analysts and various ‘publics’ to construe such spaces as dynamic sites, at once reflecting mutations in the public sphere, responsive to local and global socio-economic processes, and amenable to periodic reinventions and negotiations.
- ItemOpen AccessThe City of Ibadan: Yoruba Towns and Cities(Bookshelf Resources Ltd, Ibadan, 2003) Adeboye, O.Ibadan is located in Oyo State, Nigeria, and is made up of largely Yoruba speaking peoples. It is reputed to be the largest indigenous city in Nigeria with a total area of 3,080 sq. kilometers. The total population of the five local government areas in the municipality is 1,889,776 while that of the outlying communities is 1,413,081.1 It is not a city of remote antiquity, but is highly metropolitan and urbanised. Its large size clearly marks it out among other Yoruba cities. Ibadan is a city of numerous hills (Oke) after which some of the wards are named like Oke-Ado, Oke-Foko, Oke-Sapati, Oke-Are, Oke-Oluokun, Oke-Bola etc. It is a city with an early cosmopolitan culture accentuated by colonial rule. Today, as a state capital, Ibadan is an administrative centre that houses the Oyo State Secretariat. It is also a centre for different ideas; a of myriads of diverse peoples with the indigenous core of the population still preserving its identity.
- ItemOpen AccessThe Concept of Elitism in Traditional Yoruba Thought(Journal of Yoruba Folklore, 1997) Adeboye, O.The idea of social stratification is a thread that runs through every human society and this is what underlies the concept of elitism. Yoruba traditional thought, in as much as it addresses all spheres of life and activities of the people had something to say about elitism. This would thus imply that the idea of social elites is not peculiar to Western thought. However, because the traditional Yoruba society was predominantly an oral culture, its social thought was represented, not in a body of writing, but in the day to day practices of the people, their lore, belief systems and the manner in which they ordered their society. And it is to these we will turn in this paper in order to get at the ideas of the Yoruba on elitism.
- ItemOpen AccessDIARIES AS CULTURAL AND INTELLECTUAL HISTORIES(Rochester NY: University of Rochester Press, 2006) Adeboye, O.The diary is a personal document, which presents events from an individual’s perspective. It is rich in details, particularly details of everyday life that are useful, among other things, for the writing of social history and biographies. The numerous historical volumes produced from the diaries of George Washington, for instance, testify to the usefulness of the diary as a historical source. Although the diary and other autobiographical writings are to be found in most literate societies of the world, the diary-keeping culture is not a recent development. In Europe, diaries from the fifteenth century have survived till the present, and their numbers have increased over the years.
- ItemOpen AccessDispensing Spiritual Capital: Faith-Based Responses to the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Nigeria(Faculty of Art Monograph Series, University of Lagos, 2007-12) Adeboye, O.The Nigerian HIV/AIDS situation has been generating considerable concern within several sectors of the society lately. With the number of infected people estimated at almost four million, Nigeria has the third largest number of HIV/AIDS infections in the whole world (after India and South Africa). While government has adopted various strategies to battle the epidemic, it has also repeatedly called for support from the faith-based community, among other groups and stakeholders. It is the response of the Christian section of the Nigerian faith community to this call that is the concern of this paper. The paradigm of ‘spiritual capital’ is used here to capture the uniquely faith-based nature of the spiritual resource that underlies the positive response emanating from the faith community. But not all faith groups have positive responses. The mould of religious dogma and legalism made several groups to remain unsympathetic to the cause of those infected with the virus. The interventions of groups that show concern are in three main areas, namely, prevention campaign, provision of care and support, and the mitigation of the socio-political and economic impact of the epidemic. This study used three faith-based organizations as its case studies: the Catholic Church, Hope Worldwide Nigeria, and the Redeemed AIDS Program Action Committee (RAPAC); and covers the period from 1986 to 2005. A major finding of this study is that Christian intervention in the Nigerian AIDS crisis, though welcome, is presently neither deep-rooted nor widespread. Theological rigidity remains an ever-present impediment in the way of effective Christian intervention. The study therefore calls, among other things, for a revision of certain theologies along lines that favour the weak, the sick and the suffering. After-all, spiritual capital is a grace to which FBOs lay claim, and this should be generously dispensed in favour of those who need it.
- ItemOpen AccessEducated Elite Organizations in Ibadan 1900-1930: A Historical, Cultural and Socio-economic Study of an African City(Modelor Press, Lagos, 2000) Adeboye, O.A major impact of the spread of Western education in Ibadan was the rise of an educated elite. This elite was quite articulate as it formed itself into several successive organizations over the years. The organizations, in turn, have been in different shades but all of them ably portrayed the shifting focus of the educated elite in the period under examination. Placed in the context of the wider community, these organizations represented the self-consciousness displayed by members who saw themselves as a group different from the rest of society because of their acquisition of Western education. This paper examines five of the early elite organizations in Ibadan, namely, the Egbe Onife Ile Yoruba (Society of Lovers of Yorubaland), the Egbe Agba O. Tan (Elders-Still Exists Society), Ibadan Native Aboriginal Society, Egbe Ilupeju (Community-Comes- Together Society) and the Ibadan Progressive Union. Since the focus of this chapter is on organizations formed by the educated elite between 1900 and 1930 (as a way of assessing the role of that select category in the society) religious organizations such as Church or Muslim groups, dance/ social clubs, and professional guilds are excluded from this study. It is the view of this chapter that elite organizations have been positive agencies of internal development and have boosted the morale of the community during the intimidating experience of colonial rule. More importantly, these different organizations highlighted, albeit subtly, major changes in the collective psyche of the educated elite at its perception of its own role in the society- a pointer to its intellectual development.
- ItemOpen AccessElders-Still-Exists: Socio-Cultural Groups and Political Participation in Colonial Ibadan(Bookcraft Press, Ibadan, 2003) Adeboye, O.The establishment of colonial rule in Ibadan in 1893 did not only bring about political change. It also brought in its wake considerable social change which represented the culmination of the interplay of exogenous and indigenous factors. This, among other things, provided the stimulus for the rise of new associations. The most prominent of such groups in the early days of colonial rule was the Egbe-Agba-O-Tan, (Elders-Still-Exist Organization) formed in 1914. This group was made up of the educated elite in Ibadan and its environs. The Egbe was new in terms of its organizational structure and techniques for collective action which were tailored to suit the socio-cultural complexities introduced by the colonial state. The Egbe constituted an intelligentsia called Olaju (the enlightened). It was the vanguard and arrow head for change as far as the local community was concerned. It sought to integrate indigenous socio-political paradigms with the new ideas of the colonial state. Initially, Egbe members were more interested in the preservation of Yoruba culture and other pan-Yoruba activities with their newly-acquired Western literary skills. But later, they developed new interests and functions, the pursuit of which made them to be more active and visible in Ibadan local politics. The different strategies they adopted constitute some of the issues examined here, particularly with regard to their participation in indigenous governance in Ibadan. This chapter examines the Egbe’s roots, composition, activities and socio-political significance in Ibadan in particular and Yorubaland in general. It views the Egbe as an agency that internalized change by attempting to synthesize old and new values. It is also the view of this article that the search for a more secure local base made the Egbe to lose sight of its pan-Yoruba cultural ideals and become embroiled in Ibadan affairs. This underpins the role of the social environment in directing the ultimate thrust of the activities of interest groups.
- ItemOpen AccessELITE LIFESTYLE AND CONSUMPTION IN COLONIAL IBADAN(Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 2003) Adeboye, O.Every society has its own elite, whether represented as its "cream" (as in Western societies) or as eekan ("pegs") as in Yoruba thought. The crucial thing is that the elite constitute the movers of the society, the pacesetters and the leaders. The rest of society looks up to the elite and the values which it holds in esteem are generally considered imitable by the masses. The colonial period in Ibadan, as in other Nigerian cities and communities, witnessed the introduction of novel ideas, particularly in the guise of Western values. But more importantly, it was a time of interaction of cultures. Traditional values interacted with Western values. The outcome was a "hybrid" that was partly traditional and partly modern. It was a culture undergoing transformation, laying, as it were, the foundations of a new society. This chapter looks at the elite lifestyle and consumption in colonial Ibadan with a view toward identifying the antecedents of our modern culture of consumption. The basic assumption is that the elite in Ibadan in the period of study constituted an easily identifiable group with shared characteristics and common tendencies. Furthermore , three main issues are examined here. First is the definition and identification of the Ibadan elite in the colonial period and the factors responsible for its emergence. Secondly, there is the analysis of the indices for measuring lifestyle, and lastly is the mutation in values and styles of life over the years.
- ItemOpen AccessEXPLAINING THE GROWTH AND LEGITIMATION OF THE PENTECOSTAL MOVEMENT IN AFRICA: PENTECOSTALISM AND POLITICS IN AFRICA(Cham Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillian, 2018) Adeboye, O.As the epicenter of Christianity has shifted towards Africa in recent decades, Pentecostalism has emerged as a particularly vibrant presence on the continent. This collection of essays offers a groundbreaking study of the complex links between politics and African Pentecostalism. Situated at the intersection between the political, the postcolonial, and global neoliberal capitalism, contributors examine the roots of the Pentecostal movement’s extraordinary growth; how Pentecostalism intervenes in key social and political issues, such as citizenship, party politics, development challenges, and identity; and conversely, how politics in Africa modulate the Pentecostal movement. Pentecostalism and Politics in Africa offers a wide-ranging picture of a central dimension of postcolonial African life, opening up new directions for future research.
- ItemOpen AccessFaculty of Environmental Sciences: A History of the University of Lagos, 1962-2012(University of Lagos Press, 2013) Adeboye, O.The University of Lagos was established to contribute to the production of manpower for the newly-independent Nigerian government. The pioneer faculties in 1962 were Commerce and Business Administration, Law and Medicine. In 1964, Faculties of Art, Education, Engineering and Science joined the group. It is surprising that programmes that would produce experts on the physical environment were not conceived until almost a decade after the establishment of the University. Perhaps it was thought that other programmes were more urgent, or that the other new universities of Ife and Nsukka would focus on those areas.It was during the phase dubbed the "Consolidation Period" by A.B. Aderibigbe, after crucial foundations had been laid and pertinent issues resolved that the University gave thought to the training of manpower specialising in various aspects of the built environment.
- ItemOpen AccessFraming Female Leadership on Stage and Screen in Yorubaland: Efunsetan Aniwura Revisited(Gender & History, 2018-10) Adeboye, O.This paper revisits the representation of Efunsetan Aniwura in Isola’s historical play and two successor films, both titled Efunsetan Aniwura, a 1981 version directed by Bankole Bello and a 2005 version directed by Tunde Kelani. The goal is not to evaluate whether representations of Efunsetan Aniwura on stage and screen are accurate, but rather to interrogate the political and cultural ideologies that frame and modify the representations of female leadership over time. What factors in 1960s Yoruba politics and culture informed playwright Isola’s historical portrayal of an 1860s female leader? How does the portrayal of Efunsetan change in the subsequent films from 1981 and 2005, and what do these changes reveal about how female leadership and power is perceived in Yoruba culture? I argue that the prevailing gender ideologies and politics differently informing the play and films over time are consistent in one regard: they function to villainise Efunsetan and erode viewer sympathy for her
- ItemOpen AccessA Historical Jubilee: A History of the Department of History and Strategic Studies, University of Lagos, 1965-2015(University of Lagos Press, 2015) Adeboye, O.; Osemeka, I.The idea behind this book is to document the key moments in the history of the department. The book is divided into two sections. In the first section, Irene Osemeka provides a general overview of the birth and gradual growth of the department, highlighting the principal actors, key developments and achievements made in the course of fifty years. The second section is a collection of reminiscences by past Heads of Department. These personal recollections are frank, sometimes humorous and easy to read. We have deliberately kept the tone of the book light and reduces references to make it readable and commend it to readers even outside the ivory tower. We added two appendices to show the list of staff that have taught in the Department since its inception and also to display the wide array of subjects researched by our PhD candidates.
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