Biomedical Engineering- Scholarly Publications
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- ItemRestrictedNeural Machine for classification of cancerous cell(WSEAS Transactions. on Systems, 2003-07-01) Nwoye, E. O.; Dlay, S. S.; Woo, W. L.; Maghani, K. A.Computer assisted diagnosis of colorectal cancer has received attention in recent years. The development of an automated algorithmic approach, based on quantitative measurements, would be a valuable tool to the Pathologist for fast verification of these colon cancer abnormalities for effective treatment. In this paper novel method which will automatically locate differences in colon cell Images and classy the colon cell into normal and malignant cells is presented. This system is implemented by fuzzifying image feature descriptor fractals and incorporating clustering paradigm with neural network to classify images. The proposed system was evaluated using 116 cancers and 88normal colon cells images and shown to be more efficient, simple to implement and yield better accuracy than conventional methods
- ItemOpen AccessAssessment of CDROM Usage in Academic and Research Libraries in Nigeria: A Case Study(Int. Jnl of Information and Communication Technology, 2004-06-01) Nwoye, E. O.; Obajemu, O. S.; Ogunyade, T. O.This work attempted to assess the level of acceptability and the use of CD-ROM in 15 selected academic and research Libraries in Nigeria. Also investigated were the facilities resources and other necessary ingredients required for the promotion of optimum utilization and maintenance of continuous use of CD-ROM in Nigeria Libraries. The research showed that there was enthusiasm on the part of libraries in the use of CD-ROM having realized the noticeable advantages. However the use of CD-ROM in the libraries surveyed were grossly inadequate owing to a number of factors such as poor facilities poor funding, foreign exchange constraints, expertise required to operate the systems, apathy and other militating factors
- ItemOpen AccessAssessment of Rational Prescribing of Antihypertensive drug combination in Lagos University Teaching Hospital(Nig. Jnl of Health and biomedical Sciences, 2004-06-01) Nwoye, E.O.; Oreagba, I.A.; Olayemi, S.O.; Mabodeje, A.F.Purpose: The study aimed to assess prescribing trends of antihypertensive and production of prescriptions containing irrational combinations of antihypertensives and co-prescribed drugs. Methods: Five hundred and fifty four prescriptions, containing antihypertensives, were collected prospectively over a period of twelve months, from the internal medicine clinic of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital and evaluated. Results: the average number of drugs prescribed per encounter was 2.0. Encounters with injections were 0.5%. The percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name was 31.6%. All the drugs prescribed were from the National Essential Drug List. Calcium antagonists were the most frequently used group o f drug (41.3%), followed by Diuretics (33.0%) and Anglotensin-Converting Enzyme inhibitors (ACEIC) (22.4%). Nifedipine (31.9%), Methyldopa (22.4%) and propranolol (20.2%) were the most frequently used individual drugs. Beta-blockers with Calcium antagonists (13.3%), Methyldopa with Diuretics (10.6%) Calcium antagonists with ACEIs (10.3%) were the most frequently prescribed drug combinations. Irrational drug combinations with NSAIDs were observed in 21.8% of the prescriptions. Also beta-blockers were prescribed in 22% of prescriptions for hypertensive / diabetic patients. Conclusion: There is need to educate prescribers on appropriate therapeutic combinations that would provide optimal management of hypertension and associated clinical conditions
- ItemOpen AccessSpectral and Statistical Parameters in Fuzzy Neural Expert Machine for Colorectal Adenomas and Adenocarcinomas Discrimination(Journal of Biomedical Optics--SPIE Transactions on Neural Networks, 2005) Nwoye, E. O.; Dlay, S. S.; Woo, W. L.This paper presents a novel method which automatically detects differences in biopsy images of the colorectal polyps, extracts the required histopathology information through Fourier and statistical images analysis of the microscopic images and then classifies the cells into normal adenomas and malignant adenocarcinoma. The images are captured by a CCD camera from a laboratory microscope slide and store in computer using the TIF format. The new system is implemented by fuzzifying image histopathological data as shape and texture descriptors calculated from the spectral analysis and grayscale statistical co-occurrence matrix analysis of the microscopic cell images. These features are then fed into a fuzzy neural network expert classifier to differentiate the images. The novel system has been evaluated using 116 cancers and 88 normal colon polyp images collected from 44 normal patients and 58 cancer patients at random resulted in 96.435% classification accuracy. The breakthrough is that the algorithm is independent of the feature extraction procedure adopted, takes into characteristic associated with other classifiers algorithms
- ItemOpen AccessSpectral and Statistical Features in Fuzzy Neural Expert machine for colorectal Adenomas and adenocarcinoma Classification(WSEAS Transactions. on Systems, 2005-06-01) Nwoye, E. O.; Khor, Li. C.; Dlay, S. S.; Woo, W. L.This paper presents a novel method which automatically detects differences in biopsy images of the colorectal polyps, extracts the required histopathology information through Fourier and statistical images analysis of the microscopic images and then classifies the cells into normal adenomas and malignant adenocarcinoma. The images are captured by a CCD camera from a laboratory microscope slide and store in computer using the TIF format. The new system is implemented by fuzzifying image histopathological data. These are shape and texture descriptor calculated from the spectral analysis and grayscale statistical co-occurrence matrix analysis of the microscopic cell images, using the fuzzy neural network back-propagation classifier to differentiate the images. The novel system has been evaluated using 116 cancers and 88 normal colon polyp images collected from 44 normal patients and 58 cancer patients at random resulted 96.5% classification accuracy. The breakthrough is that the algorithm is independent of the feature extraction procedure adopted; takes into consideration the gross and micro examination conducted by the pathologist and overcomes the sharpness of class characteristics associated with other classifiers algorithms
- ItemOpen AccessOptimization of Power Control in Mobile Multimedia Communication Systems in Hospitals using Genetic Algorithm(Nig. Quaterly Journal of Hospital Medicine, 2009-06-01) Nwoye, E.; Anigbogu, N.; Adegbenro, A.; Gbenebitse-Daniel, S.Full texts attached
- ItemOpen AccessSymbolic Analysis of Heat Transfer in Radial Fin(Journal of Engineering Research, 2010) Adeleye, O.A; Fakinlede, O.AIn this paper, a novel application domain of the symbolic implementation of finite element method using a linear heat dissipation radial fin has been presented. The problem of temperature distribution and heat transfer in radial fins of triangular, rectangular and parametric profiles was modeled and validated using symbolic computation. The current study has shown that the symbolic computational technique is less complex, effective and efficient in comparison with the earlier techniques used to solve heat transfer problem in this same problem domain. Our proposed concept could be adapted to solving heat transfer problems in further extended surfaces.
- ItemOpen AccessEPROM-Based Heartbeat Monitor using Optical Biomedical Engineering Technique(Nig. Quaterly Journal of Hospital Medicine, 2011-06-01) Nwoye, E. O.; Oronti, I. B.; Nwaneri, S. C.; Ebuehi, O. A. T.; Akanmu, O. N.; Olasore, H.A.S.3. Background: In Nigeria manual methods of heartbeat monitoring are commonly used which are subjected to a number of human errors and problems. Objective: This paper describes the development of a non invasive EPROM based heartbeat monitor using optical biomedical engineering technique to detect ad count the user’s heartbeat digitally as well as provide a visual indication of the result obtained. Methods: This design and construction work employed the optical biomedical engineering technique in which tiny subcutaneous blood vessels in any patch of skin preferably the fingers furnished with a good supply of blood alternately expand and contract in time with the heartbeat. The optical sensors were planted in a peg which provides firm grip of the finger tip to sense these contraction and expansion processes. Result: The results of the tests carried out on fingers of different individuals at rest showed that the thumb, middle finger and forefinger responded more accurately to the heartbeat measurements taken. The thickness of the individual’s fingers contributed greatly to the accuracy of the measurement taken Conclusion: The EPROM based heartbeat monitor is a very efficient tool for monitoring the heartbeat of patients. However, its efficiency is determined by the thickness of the individual finger.
- ItemOpen AccessOptimization of Face Recognition Algorithm using Artificial Neural Network(Journal of Engineering Research, 2012-03-01) Nwoye, E. O.; Chukwuma, V. M.; Oronti, I. B.; Nwaneri, S. C.2. Background: The rapid growth in cellular radio communications necessitates more efficient utilization of spectrum. This is more so in medicine where very large volume of data and information are involved. The increased sharing of spectrum due to this growth translates into a higher likelihood of users interfering with one another. So cell capacity is inherently interference limited, particularly by co-channel interference (CCI) and adjacent channel interference (ACI). Objective: one of the solutions to combat these interferences is to control of power. Two types of power control are used in wireless network communication systems: centralised power control (CPC) and distributed power control (DPC). Centralized power control is computationally very complex for large systems as it assumes that all information about the link gains is only local information to adjust power levels of each transmitted signal. DPC is therefore more realistic when the number of mobiles grows and will be used as the foundational system model in this work. Methods: Many optimization techniques have been used for distributed power control system models. However, the techniques have been restricted to the traditional optimisation methods which use the characteristics of the problem to determine the next sampling point. In this work Genetic Algorithm GA, an evolutionary approach is used. It follows the concept of evolution by stochastically developing generations of power-solution populations based on a fitness score. Result: it can be seen that the convergence speed of GA is not as fast as that of the conventional method sand consequently a higher outage probability. The simulation results show that GA is more robust. More realistic performance, very proactive to noise, fading or shadowing Conclusion: A genetic algorithm responds and adapts to this change on the fly but many traditi9onal optimization procedures must restart refresh which is computationally expensive.
- ItemOpen AccessOptimization of Fingerprint Recognition using Genetic Algorithm(Journal of Engineering Research, 2012-06-01) Nwoye, E. O.; Oronti, I. B.; Chukwuma, V. M.; Nwaneri, S. C.Fingerprint as a biometric identifier is one of the most reliable personal identification tools and enjoys widespread applications. In this research the Genetic Algorithm GA is used to ooptimize the alignment and matching methods in the recognition process. After the pre-processing, post processing and feature extraction, the alignment algorithm is used to first align the minutiae points and then a pair of minutiae is matched if the distance and the rotational angle between them is equal to or less than a predefine value. The GA as a search method is employed to locate optimal values of these minutiae distance s and angles and match them as applicable. The GA was then applied to the Fingerprint Verification Competition 2002 (FVC2002). Database 1 with a good performance and very high recognition rate with an attendant penalty of longer computation time which can be improved by using a faster processor. The method also performed better than all of the commonly used algorithms listed in terms of Equal Error Rate EER
- ItemOpen AccessNovel Algorithm for Decoding Redundant Residue Number Systems (RRNS) Codes(International Journal of Research and Review in Applied Sciences, 2012-07-01) Nwoye, E. O.; Amusa, K. A.Error control is one major challenge of data transmission through modern digital systems. A number of error control schemes have been employed to address this challenge in order to facilitate efficient and reliable data transmission through digital systems. This paper however, presents an improved method for error correction using Redundant Residue Number system (RRNS) codes. RRNS codes are maximum-minimum distance block codes with wider application in the area of signal processing such as self checking in arithmetic units, error control in digital processors and data transmission. The propose method is premised on modulus projection approach. The proposed algorithm considerably reduces the computation overhead for RRSN codes decoding. It employed hybrid method in integer recovery process
- ItemOpen AccessBiologically Inspired Identification and Recognition System(International Journal of Computer and Information Technology- (OMICS Journal of Biometrics and Biostatistics), 2013-03-01) Nwoye, E. O.; Muoneke, J. E.This paper addresses the issue of multiple options in biometric identification technology. Bio-ID is a biometric Identification systems combining many options (DNA, Iris, Palmprint etc) especially the fingerprints and face to correctly identify the individual for purposes of financial transactions, personal identification, immigration documentation (passport) and transportation licenses (drivers licenses). It is a complete nature inspired identification and recognition technique, Bio-ID means no more Bank cards (debit or credit cards), no more even store cards, no more plastic or paper ID-cards, no more paper or e-passport and no more plastic driver’s licenses. Simply there is no more wallet and its contents. We implemented a holistic identification system that requires only man and his natural fingers, This new technology will create new employment opportunity without over emphasizing the novel soft-scanner and soft-camera technology innovations
- ItemOpen AccessRelationship between Serum Retinol Concentrations with Severity of Malaria(The Nigerian Journal of Pharmacy, 2014-01-01) Nwoye, E. O.; Olayemi, S. O.; Oreagba, I. A.; Temiye, E. O.; Adejare, A. A.; Ojobor, P. D.Introduction: The effect of vitamin A supplementation in the reduction of childhood mortality has been known for some time however the more specific effect on malaria morbidity and mortality are less well documented. The objective of this study was to correlate serum retinol concentrations with severity of malaria using High Performance Liquid Chromatography Methods: Venous blood sample was taken for assay of baseline plasma retinol, packed cell volume and malaria parasite count patients between the ages of one and fifteen years with various severity of malaria ranging from moderate to severe malaria were selected to participate in the study. Result: Of 147 samples analysed, mean retinol levels did not correlate with parasite density but it correlated with the packed cell volume for all children with confirmed malaria parasite in their blood ( r=0.7469, Cl= 0.65 – 0.82, p=0.0001). Conclusion: Mean retinol level did not correlate significantly with parasite density but there is positive correlation between serum retinol and the packed cell volume
- ItemOpen AccessApplication of Artificial Neural Network in Breast cancer Classification : A comparative Study(Journal of Baaic Medical Sciences, 2014-06-01) Nwoye, E. O.; Nwaneri, S. C.; Iruhe, N. K.; Babatunde, A. M.6. Background: Breast cancer is a leading cause of death especially among women globally. The classification task of breast lump as benign or malignant is due to the experience and skill of the radiologist. However, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) can be developed to assist radiologists in decision making Objective: The purpose of this study is to develop ANN based models for breast cancer classification Methods: The five features of retrospective breast ultrasound data obtained from Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) consisting of 83 samples were rated using Breast Imaging Reporting and Data system (BI-RADS). The data was normalized and trained in MATLAB software version (R2009a) using a feedforward multilayer ANN with 5 inputs neurons, 10 hidden neurons and one output neuron. The hidden neurons wee increased in steps of 10 for different iterations to a maximum of 100 neurons in the hidden layer. The well known Wisconsin Breast Cancer Data (WBCD) comprising of digitized data was also trained with the same algorithm and parameters Result: The results show that ANNs performance in both cases was quite high. It was also proved that there was no direct relationship between the performance of the network and the number of hidden neurons. Conclusion: ANNs are different classifiers that can be utilized in the diagnosis of breast cancer in the country.
- ItemOpen AccessAn Investigation of Time-Cost-Risk Trade-off in the Installation of X-ray Machine(Faculty of Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka,, 2014-10-01) Nwaneri, S.C; Anya, C.OThe conflicting objectives of time, cost and risk are critical to the success of any project. Consequently, an improvement in one objective may lead to a simultaneous degradation of the conflicting objective. Project managers usually desire the minimization of the duration, cost and risk of a project while maximizing project quality. While the Time-Cost trade-off problem (TCTP) and the Time-Cost-Quality trade-off problem (TCQTP) have been well researched, not much studies have been done on the Time-Cost-Risk (TCRTP). The objective of this study is to develop a TCRTP based on some realistic assumptions with the aim of minimizing time, cost, quality and risk while ensuring that the project is completed based on specifications. Optimization models were developed for the problem and solved using response surface methodology on minitab 16 statistical software. The model was applied to the installation procedures for X-ray machines.
- ItemOpen AccessMicrowave Ablation: Emerging Technology in Cancer Management- A review(Journal of Baaic Medical Sciences, 2014-12-01) Nwoye, E. O.; Ibitoye, A. Z.; Aweda, M. A.; Oremosun, A. A..; AnnunobI, c. c.; Akanmu, O. N.; Adeleye, S. O.Hyperthermia therapy also called thermal therapy is a type of cancer treatment in which body tissue is exposed to high temperatures. Research has shown that high temperatures can damage and kill cancer cells, usually with minimal injury to normal tissues. The electromagnetic microwave causes water molecules to vibrate and rotate; resulting in tissue heating and subsequently cell death via thermal induced protein denaturation. Microwave ablation is emerging as an attractive modality for thermal therapy of large soft tissue in short periods of time making it suitable in the treatment of liver disease, lung malignancies, renal and adrenal tumours, and bone metastases. Microwave ablation technique in comparison with other thermal therapy techniques demonstrates higher temperature profiles, faster ablation times and larger tumour ablation volumes with minimal effect of perfusion. This review describes physics of microwave ablation, microwave therapy applications in cancer management and prospects and challenges of microwave therapy in cancer management
- ItemOpen AccessOptimization of Dual Slot Antenna using Floating Metallic Sleeve for Microwave Ablation(Elsevier Journal of Medical Engineering and Physics, 2015-01-01) Nwoye, E. O.; Ibitoye, Z. A.; Aweda, M. A.; Oremosun, A. A.; AnnunobI, C. C.; Akanmu, O. N.Backward heating reduction is vital in power distribution optimization in microwave thermal ablation. In this study, we optimized dual slot antenna to yield reduction in backward heating pattern along the antenna shaft with the application of floating metallic sleeve. Finite element methods were used to generate the electromagnetic (EM) field and thermal distribution in liver tissue. The position of the sleeve from the tipoff the probe (z=0mm) was varied within the range 14≤z≤22mm while sleeve lengh;;t was varied within 16≤z≤48mm interval using operating frequency of 2.45GHz. the best optimized design has reflection coefficient of -20.87 dB and axial ratio of 0.41 when the sleeve position was at 17mmand sleeve length was 18mm. experimental validation shows that inclusion of floating metallic sleeve on dual slot antenna for hepatic microwave ablation averagely increased ablation diameter and aspect ratio by 17.8% and 33.9% respectively and decreased ablation length by 11.2%.Reduction in backward heating and increase in power deposition into liver tissue could be achieved by sing this antenna to provide greater efficiency and localization of specific absorption rate in delivering microwave energy for hepatic ablation
- ItemOpen AccessA Dual Slot Antenna with a Floating Metallic Sleeve for Microwave Ablation of Liver Tumor(Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 2015-12-01) Nwoye, E. O.; Ibitoye, A. Z.; Adeneye, S. O.; Aweda, M. A.; Oremosun, A. A.; AnnunobI, C. C.; Akanmu, O. N.Full texts attached
- ItemOpen AccessThe Effects of Resin Matrix Composition, Filler Volume And Particle Size On The Mechanical Properties Of Dental Resin Composites(UNILAG Journal of Medicine, Science and Technology, 2016) Adeleye, O.A; Fakinlede, O.A; Makinde, J.TThe behaviour of dental resin composites (DRC’s) under mechanical loading has been of concern in dentistry as it determines their clinical application. The aim of this study is therefore to check the effect of the resin matrix composition, filler volume and particle size on the mechanical properties of DRC’s. In this experimental in-vitro study, six types of composite resins were used as follows:Two(2) Micro hybrid- Super Cor (SC) and Natural look(NL); Two(2) hybrid- Alpha dent (AD) and Henry Schein (HS) and two(2) Nano hybrid- i-Xcite(IX) and Fusion(FS),each with varying resin matrix composition, filler volume and particle size. Samples were prepared in aluminum molds and light cured using Optilight Max GNATUS light curing unit at constant time intervals of 20 seconds as specified in literature and designed by curing light manufacturers. The specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 48 hours. Subsequently, the specimens were subjected to tensile test and three point loading using the BOSE Electro Force 3200 system at cross head speed of 1.0mm/min and varying speed of 0.5, 2.0 and 5.0mm/min. Henry Schein 20/20 (hybrid; bis-GMA; 56%) exhibited flexural strength of 17MPa but tensile strength of 29.7MPa amongst the group. i-Xcite (nanohybrid; bis-GMA,TEGDMA,UDMA;76.5%) showed the flexural strength of 138MPa and relatively low tensile strength of 25.3MPa. All resin types showed increasing flexural strength with increasing strain rate. Tensile and Flexural strength are dependent on the resin matrix composition, the filler particle size and then the filler volume in that order.
- ItemOpen AccessDevelopment of Exact Analytical Solution for Nonlinear Heat transfer Equation of Natural Convection Porous Fin(Journal of Engineering Research, 2016) Sobamowo, M.G; Adeleye, O.AThe present of nonlinear term in heat transfer models makes it very difficult to develop exact analytical solutions to the problem. Consequently, recourse has been made to numerical or approximate analytical methods. However, the classical way for finding exact analytical solution is obviously still very important since it serves as an accurate benchmark for numerical and approximate analytical solutions. Therefore, in this work, exact analytical solution is developed using Gauss’ hypergeometric function for the nonlinear equation arising during heat transfer in porous fin. The developed model was validated with numerical method of solutions and the results were in good agreement. The developed exact analytical model can be compared with other approximate analytical methods found in the literature which are used for solving similar problems.